commonwealth pennsylvania ex rel sullivan ashe argued decided november wm hughes washington bernard foley erie petitioner adrian bonnelly philadelphia burton laub erie respondent justice butler delivered opinion question presented case whether consistently equal protection clause state may classify punishments imposed convicts breaking penitentiary authorizing imprison period exceeding original sentence september petitioner asserting illegally committed western penitentiary pennsylvania serve sentence crime breaking prison applied highest state writ habeas corpus granted rule show cause hearing counsel parties held petitioner lawfully sentenced discharged rule petition writ certiorari asserts decision conflicts state lewin mallon idaho state johnsey statutes condemned kansas idaho cases differ essentially pennsylvania statute upheld case finding conflict decision oklahoma case granted writ judicial code amended challenged provision found act march declares section prisoner imprisoned penitentiary upon conviction criminal offense shall break penitentiary person shall guilty misdemeanor upon conviction said offense shall sentenced undergo imprisonment commence expiration original sentence like nature period time exceeding original sentence virtue imprisoned broke prison escaped petitioner pleaded guilty crimes burglary larceny sentenced western penitentiary term three six years december broke capture conviction sentenced imprisonment term length commence expiration original sentence illustrate inequalities sentences permissible challenged provision petitioner emphasizes fact two convicts escape together circumstances may sentenced different terms fact record shows petitioner escaped simultaneously one mccann upon conviction crime latter sentenced serve term equal original sentence one two years fact terms imprisonment may differ original sentences warrant condemnation statute law long recognized relation punishment breach prison offense prisoner held severely punished prison breaking one undergoing imprisonment grievous crime done one held lesser offense prior statute de frangentibus prisonam edw ii every prison breaking offender whatever crime committed felony punishable life member severity mitigated statute forbade judgment unless breaking one committed capital offense breach escape one held felony continued dealt felony committed one confined inferior offense punishable high misdemeanor fine imprisonment harmony idea number deal offense severely committed one imprisoned heinous offense long term indeed sustained classification punishment crimes convicts upon basis sentences served time finley california held statute prescribing death penalty commission life prisoners assaults intent kill lesser punishments laid upon convicts repugnant equal protection clause principle similar punishment like crimes may made severe committed persistence crime failure earlier discipline effectively deter reform justify drastic treatment graham west virginia mcdonald massachusetts moore missouri plumbly commonwealth metc mass people sickles save limited constitutional provisions safeguarding individual rights state may choose means protect people criminal violation laws comparative gravity criminal offenses whether consequences less injurious matters determination collins johnston howard fleming may inflict deserved penalty merely vindicate law deter reform offender purposes determination sentences justice generally requires consideration particular acts crime committed taken account circumstances offense together character propensities offender past may taken indicate present purposes tendencies significantly suggest period restraint kind discipline imposed upon presumably sentence bring served time prison breaking determined upon due consideration pertinent facts judgment pronounced good evidence convict natural acquired vent mind attitude toward law rights others fact break prison shows still disposed evil determined remain hostile society sufficient sustain classification made pennsylvania statute punishment prison breakers basis original sentences affirmed footnotes none henceforth breaketh prison shall judgment life member breaking prison except cause taken imprisoned require judgment convict thereupon according law custom realm albeit times past hath used otherwise see blackstone hale pleas crown hawkins pleas crown wharton criminal law ed rex haswell commonwealth miller ashm cf rex fell kyle state commonwealth homer metc mass arizona revised code connecticut revision idaho code indiana annotated statutes maine revised statutes minnesota mason statutes new york penal law north dakota compiled laws washington remington revised statutes wisconsin statutes