clark
field
office
director
seattle
immigration
customs
enforcement
et
al
martinez
argued
october
decided
january
alien
found
inadmissible
ordered
removed
secretary
homeland
security
secretary
ordinarily
must
remove
alien
country
within
days
martinez
respondent
benitez
petitioner
cuban
nationals
inadmissible
ordered
removed
detained
beyond
removal
period
filed
habeas
corpus
petition
challenging
continued
detention
martinez
case
district
found
removal
reasonably
foreseeable
ordered
martinez
released
appropriate
conditions
ninth
circuit
affirmed
benitez
case
district
also
accepted
removal
occur
foreseeable
future
nonetheless
denied
petition
eleventh
circuit
affirmed
held
secretary
may
detain
inadmissible
aliens
beyond
removal
period
long
reasonably
necessary
achieve
removal
section
operative
language
may
detained
beyond
removal
period
applies
equally
aliens
subject
whether
aliens
admitted
country
zadvydas
davis
interpreted
authorize
detention
aliens
admitted
country
long
reasonably
necessary
effectuate
removal
interpretation
must
apply
inadmissible
aliens
well
even
statutory
purpose
constitutional
concerns
influencing
zadvydas
construction
present
inadmissible
aliens
justify
giving
statutory
text
different
meaning
depending
characteristics
aliens
involved
crowell
benson
raygor
regents
univ
jinks
richland
county
distinguished
moreover
contrary
government
argument
nothing
zadvydas
indicates
authorizes
detention
approaches
constitutional
limits
independently
authorize
continued
detention
aliens
pp
zadvydas
held
presumptive
period
alien
detention
reasonably
necessary
effectuate
removal
six
months
must
conditionally
released
time
demonstrate
significant
likelihood
removal
reasonably
foreseeable
future
government
suggested
reason
time
reasonably
necessary
removal
longer
inadmissible
alien
presumptive
detention
period
applies
cases
martinez
benitez
detained
well
beyond
six
months
removal
orders
became
final
government
brought
forward
nothing
indicate
substantial
likelihood
removal
subsists
district
case
determined
removal
cuba
reasonably
foreseeable
habeas
petitions
granted
pp
affirmed
reversed
cases
remanded
scalia
delivered
opinion
stevens
kennedy
souter
ginsburg
breyer
joined
filed
concurring
opinion
thomas
filed
dissenting
opinion
rehnquist
joined
part
neil
clark
field
office
director
seattle
washington
immigration
customs
enforcement
et
petitioners
sergio
suarez
martinez
writ
certiorari
appeals
ninth
circuit
daniel
benitez
petitioner
michael
rozos
field
office
director
miami
florida
immigration
customs
enforcement
writ
certiorari
appeals
eleventh
circuit
january
justice
scalia
delivered
opinion
alien
arriving
must
inspected
immigration
official
stat
amended
unless
found
clearly
beyond
doubt
entitled
admitted
must
generally
undergo
removal
proceedings
determine
admissibility
meanwhile
alien
may
detained
subject
secretary
discretionary
authority
parole
country
see
cfr
conclusion
removal
proceedings
alien
determined
inadmissible
ordered
removed
law
provides
secretary
homeland
security
shall
remove
alien
within
period
days
cases
concern
secretary
authority
continue
detain
inadmissible
alien
subject
removal
order
removal
period
elapsed
sergio
suarez
martinez
respondent
daniel
benitez
petitioner
arrived
cuba
june
part
mariel
boatlift
see
palma
verdeyen
describing
circumstances
mariel
boatlift
paroled
country
pursuant
attorney
general
authority
see
pet
cert
benitez
wallis
federal
law
permitted
cubans
paroled
adjust
status
lawful
permanent
resident
one
year
see
cuban
refugee
adjustment
act
stat
amended
notes
following
neither
martinez
benitez
qualified
adjustment
however
time
applied
men
become
inadmissible
prior
criminal
convictions
martinez
sought
adjustment
convicted
assault
deadly
weapon
rhode
island
burglary
california
pet
cert
benitez
sought
adjustment
convicted
grand
theft
florida
men
convicted
additional
felonies
adjustment
applications
denied
martinez
petty
theft
prior
conviction
assault
deadly
weapon
attempted
oral
copulation
force
see
pet
cert
benitez
two
counts
armed
robbery
armed
burglary
conveyance
armed
burglary
structure
aggravated
battery
carrying
concealed
firearm
unlawful
possession
firearm
engaged
criminal
offense
unlawful
possession
sale
delivery
firearm
altered
serial
number
see
attorney
general
revoked
martinez
parole
december
martinez
taken
custody
ins
removal
proceedings
commenced
pet
cert
immigration
judge
found
inadmissible
reason
prior
convictions
lack
sufficient
documentation
ordered
removed
cuba
martinez
appeal
pet
cert
ins
continued
detain
expiration
removal
period
remained
custody
released
pursuant
district
order
affirmed
appeals
decision
review
benitez
parole
revoked
shortly
imprisoned
convictions
year
ins
immediately
initiated
removal
proceedings
december
immigration
judge
determined
benitez
excludable
ordered
deported
ed
supp
benitez
seek
review
completion
state
prison
term
ins
took
custody
removal
continued
custody
expiration
removal
period
ibid
september
benitez
received
notification
eligible
parole
contingent
completion
treatment
program
letter
paul
clement
acting
solicitor
general
william
suter
clerk
benitez
completed
program
case
pending
shortly
completion
paroled
period
one
year
ibid
october
two
days
argument
benitez
released
custody
sponsoring
family
aliens
filed
petition
writ
habeas
corpus
challenge
detention
beyond
removal
period
martinez
case
district
district
oregon
accepted
removal
reasonably
foreseeable
ordered
ins
release
martinez
conditions
ins
believed
appropriate
martinez
smith
cv
app
pet
cert
appeals
ninth
circuit
summarily
affirmed
citing
decision
xi
ins
martinez
ashcroft
app
pet
cert
benitez
case
district
northern
district
florida
also
concluded
removal
occur
foreseeable
future
nonetheless
denied
petition
benitez
wallis
case
mmp
july
pp
app
pp
appeals
eleventh
circuit
affirmed
agreeing
dissent
xi
benitez
wallis
granted
certiorari
cases
benitez
wallis
crawford
martinez
ii
title
provides
relevant
part
follows
alien
ordered
removed
inadmissible
section
title
removable
section
title
determined
secretary
risk
community
unlikely
comply
order
removal
may
detained
beyond
removal
period
released
shall
subject
terms
supervision
paragraph
terms
provision
applies
three
categories
aliens
ordered
removed
inadmissible
ordered
removed
removable
ordered
removed
secretary
determines
either
risk
community
flight
risk
zadvydas
davis
interpreted
provision
authorize
attorney
general
secretary
detain
aliens
second
category
long
reasonably
necessary
remove
country
statute
use
may
said
suggests
discretion
necessarily
unlimited
discretion
respect
word
ambiguous
light
perceived
ambiguity
serious
constitutional
threat
believed
posed
indefinite
detention
aliens
admitted
country
interpreted
statute
permit
detention
related
statute
basic
purpose
effectuating
alien
removal
nce
removal
longer
reasonably
foreseeable
continued
detention
longer
authorized
held
presumptive
period
detention
alien
reasonably
necessary
effectuate
removal
six
months
alien
eligible
conditional
release
demonstrate
significant
likelihood
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reasonably
foreseeable
future
question
presented
cases
question
evoked
contradictory
answers
ninth
eleventh
circuits
whether
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answer
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language
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adopted
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benitez
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regents
univ
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justify
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inadmissible
alien
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zadvydas
applies
see
martinez
benitez
detained
well
beyond
six
months
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orders
became
final
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brought
forward
nothing
indicate
substantial
likelihood
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subsists
despite
passage
six
months
indeed
concedes
longer
even
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negotiations
cuba
district
case
determined
removal
cuba
reasonably
foreseeable
petitions
habeas
corpus
granted
accordingly
affirm
judgment
ninth
circuit
reverse
judgment
eleventh
circuit
remand
cases
proceedings
consistent
opinion
ordered
neil
clark
field
office
director
seattle
washington
immigration
customs
enforcement
et
petitioners
sergio
suarez
martinez
writ
certiorari
appeals
ninth
circuit
daniel
benitez
petitioner
michael
rozos
field
office
director
miami
florida
immigration
customs
enforcement
writ
certiorari
appeals
eleventh
circuit
january
justice
concurring
join
opinion
write
separately
emphasize
even
current
statutory
scheme
possible
government
detain
inadmissible
aliens
six
months
ordered
removed
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thing
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described
zadvydas
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notes
government
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takes
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however
longer
period
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necessary
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aliens
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government
shows
true
detention
beyond
six
months
lawful
within
meaning
ascribed
zadvydas
moreover
government
statutory
means
detaining
aliens
whose
removal
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presence
poses
security
risks
upon
certifying
reasonable
grounds
believe
alien
engaged
certain
terrorist
dangerous
activity
specified
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supp
ii
secretary
homeland
security
may
detain
alien
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security
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result
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cfr
fails
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see
zadvydas
supra
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right
congress
subject
aliens
supervision
within
conditions
released
detention
incarcerate
appropriate
violations
conditions
neil
clark
field
office
director
seattle
washington
immigration
customs
enforcement
et
petitioners
sergio
suarez
martinez
writ
certiorari
appeals
ninth
circuit
daniel
benitez
petitioner
michael
rozos
field
office
director
miami
florida
immigration
customs
enforcement
writ
certiorari
appeals
eleventh
circuit
january
justice
thomas
chief
justice
joins
part
dissenting
title
aliens
secretary
homeland
security
ordered
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time
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ased
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assured
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benitez
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field
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miami
immigration
customs
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certiorari
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eleventh
circuit
footnotes
authorities
described
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exercised
attorney
general
immigration
naturalization
service
ins
reside
secretary
homeland
security
hereinafter
secretary
divisions
department
bureau
immigration
customs
enforcement
bureau
citizenship
immigration
services
see
homeland
security
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stat
supp
ii
enactment
illegal
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