matthews rodgers argued january decided february lauderdale jackson appellants edward smith clarksdale appellees justice stone delivered opinion appeal sections judicial code usca decree district three judges northern district mississippi enjoining collection several appellees state tax unconstitutional burden interstate commerce argument merits cause restored docket reargument limited question jurisdiction district respect amount involved suit jurisdiction equity reargument accordingly bill complaint assails constitutionality section laws mississippi applied appellees section imposes annual license tax payable advance individual engaged business buying selling cotton also requires employers engaged business buying selling cotton pay similar dollars every employee engaged business buyer seller penalties imposed double amount tax nonpayment section failure make application license engaging business without procured license paid tax misdemeanors punishable fine exceeding imprisonment exceeding six months section bill form class bill filed numerous appellees benefit others similarly situated alleges engaged interstate foreign commerce course purchase cotton within state sell ship interstate foreign commerce purchasers outside state business several appellees right conduct value jurisdictional amount suits brought district tax imposed state statute unconstitutional burden interstate commerce appellants state officers charged duty collecting tax thereaten enforce collection criminal proceedings imposition penalties bill resort equity prevent collection tax either necessary authorized following among reasons enforcement unconstitutional statute irreparably injure destroy business appellees taxes paid recovered action proceeding law section hemingway annotated mississippi code conferred appellees right proceed equity state courts enjoin collection unconstitutional tax remedy available federal district resort equity necessary order avoid multiplicity separate suits appellees others similarly situated three hundred enjoin collection tax otherwise necessary order recover paid prevent successive prosecutions violation act suits proceedings issue constitutionality tax substantially right appellees maintain present suit conferred section judicial code usca regardless citizenship parties suit vests district courts jurisdiction suits law equity arising matter controversy exceeds mater controversy exceeds although present suit arises constitution see davis wallace assumed without deciding jurisdictional amount involved maintained within equity jurisdiction district want equity jurisdiction obvious may objected motion cases jurisdictional requirement unlike others tioned may treated waived objection presented defendant limine duignan singer sewing machine benedict thompson central ohio wall compare matson navigation january hilton dickinson grace american central insurance bors preston objection equity jurisdiction district properly raised appellants motion dismiss bill preserved assignments error section judiciary act stat perpetuated without material change rev stat jud code usca declares suits equity shall sustained courts case plain adequate complete remedy may law effect section declaratory rule equity established long adoption emphasize rule forbid terms recourse extraordinary remedies equity right asserted may fully protected law see deweese reinhard new york guaranty memphis water reason guiding principle peculiar force cases suit like present one brought enjoin collection state tax courts different though paramount sovereignty scrupulous regard rightful independence state governments times actuate federal courts proper reluctance interfere injunction fiscal operations require relief denied every case asserted federal right may preserved without whenever question presented uniformly held mere illegality unconstitutionality state municipal tax ground equitable relief courts remedy law plain adequate complete aggrieved party left remedy state courts cause may brought review federal question involved jud code usca suit law federal courts essential elements federal jurisdiction present see boise artesian hot cold water boise city shelton platt dows chicago wall may assumed appellees pay challenged tax consequence omission subjected alleged civil criminal penalties nonpayment resulting injury business irreparable avoided resort equity prevent threatened wrong appellants insist appellees constraint either expose penalties failure pay tax seek equitable relief collection since may pay tax collecting officer protest laws mississippi may maintain suit law recovery ground exacted violation constitution procedure saves taxpayer federal right available defeat jurisdiction federal courts enjoin collection tax long settled rule henrietta mills rutherford county north carolina arkansas building loan association madden atchison topeka santa fe ry cas shelton platt supra singer sewing machine benedict supra allen pullman palace car indiana manufacturing koehne examination decisions highest state conclude attorney general state insists procedure open appellees mississippi tax paid protest avoid penalties criminal proceedings coulson harris miss mississippi denied jurisdiction equity enjoin collection illegally assessed tax sole ground taxpayer might pay tax collecting officer sue law recovery tuttle everett miss recovery allowed tax thus paid suit law brought collector paid tax proper treasury city vicksburg butler miss pearl river county lacey lumber miss suits law recovery tax maintained city first case county second collector paid taxes former pains point pages miss cases refer notice collector suit brought recover money back notice necessary payer intends sue collector receipt pays proper treasury risk relieve responsibility however pays money without notice suit brought principal case city vicksburg pearl river county lacey lumber supra said page think county shield repayment money collected unconstitutional law paid protest ground county disbursed money collected various taxing districts expended money wrongfully collected fact county might able recover taxing districts amount money paid districts exempt liability taxpayer wrongfully collected suit although collecting officer rather state municipality affords adequate legal remedy absence allegations bill wanting special circumstances showing inability taxpayer pay tax collecting officer respond judgment see arkansas building loan association madden supra atchison topeka santa fe ry supra ann cas singer sewing machine benedict supra rule mississippi coulson harris supra miss richardson scott miss collection money collector name state wrongful protect atchison topeka santa fe ry supra statutes sections mississippi code require payment collector taxes appropriate treasury allow penalties nonpayment remitted certificated governor attorney general satisfied delay wilful avoidable collector section makes provision repayment sheriff tax collector taxes mistake oversight erroneously paid state treasurer see taylor guy miss provisions seem contemplate suits collector recovery tax afford protection event judgment atchison topeka santa fe ry supra ann cas facts presented show suit collector present case adequate unnecessary consider precise scope effect suit equity enjoin illegal tax authorized section hemingway code section mississippi code appears available adequate remedy see anderson ingersoll miss noxubee county board supervisors ames miss case section affect jurisdiction federal courts equity equity jurisdiction conferred inferior courts section judiciary act stat continued section judicial code usca english chancery time separation two countries payne hook wall sawyer local statutes may create new rights protection recourse may remedies afforded federal courts equity remedy law inadequate jurisdictional requirements present state legislation enlarge jurisdiction creation new equitable remedies avoid dispense prohibition maintenance suit equity federal courts legal remedy adequate henrietta mills rutherford county north carolina supra pusey jones hanssen appellees bill complaint state case within jurisdiction equity avoid multiplicity suits appellee single suit law brought recover tax determine constitutionality facts alleged showing one suit necessary purpose see boise artesian hot cold water boise city dalton adding machine state corporation commission said since appellee must pay tax avoid penalties criminal prosecution must maintain suits recovery tax unconstitutionally exacted order protect federal rights avoid necessity many suits equity may draw determination issue necessarily involved suits law general jurisdiction equity avoid multiplicity suits law restricted cases otherwise necessity maintenance numerous suits parties involving issues law fact extend cases numerous parties plaintiff defendant issues adverse party necessarily identical louis iron mountain southern ry mcknight kelley gill francis flinn scott donald hale allinson et see pomeroy equity jurisprudence ed present bill sets single issue constitutionality taxing statute involved alleged unconstitutionality depends upon application statute appellees effect upon business alleged interstate commerce bill thus tenders separate issues law fact appellee nature business manner extent tax imposes burden interstate commerce determination issues one taxpayer determine thus failure identity parties issues support jurisdiction equity reversed