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ones
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age
within
discrimination
forbidden
title
vii
civil
rights
act
stat
aware
legitimate
reasons
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employment
decisions
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individuals
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employment
distinctions
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policies
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ceilings
hiring
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considerations
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pension
cost
cases
legitimate
concerns
older
person
ability
job
wirtz
report
secretary
ultimately
took
position
arbitrary
discrimination
older
workers
widespread
persistent
enough
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federal
legislative
remedy
placed
recommendation
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cost
employing
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level
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secretary
provided
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rec
see
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papers
presidents
lyndon
johnson
vol
message
congress
urging
pportunity
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many
americans
qualified
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work
extensive
house
senate
hearings
ensued
see
age
discrimination
employment
hearings
et
al
general
subcommittee
labor
house
committee
education
labor
sess
hereinafter
house
hearings
age
discrimination
employment
hearings
subcommittee
labor
senate
committee
labor
public
welfare
sess
hereinafter
senate
hearings
see
generally
eeoc
wyoming
testimony
hearings
dwelled
unjustified
assumptions
effect
age
ability
work
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house
hearings
statement
joshua
eilberg
age
worker
may
find
age
restrictions
become
common
age
employment
opportunities
likely
contract
sharply
shrink
severely
age
virtually
vanish
age
statement
claude
pepper
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provide
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opportunities
employment
thousands
workers
well
qualified
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denied
jobs
may
desperately
need
someone
arbitrarily
decided
old
senate
hearings
statement
george
murphy
older
worker
often
faces
attitude
part
employers
prevents
receiving
serious
consideration
even
interview
search
employment
hearings
specifically
addressed
higher
pension
benefit
costs
heavier
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hiring
workers
older
got
see
house
hearings
statement
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sprague
apart
stereotypes
labor
market
conditions
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policies
job
training
costs
pension
insurance
costs
mandatory
retirement
policies
often
make
employers
reluctant
hire
older
workers
record
thus
reflects
common
facts
individual
chances
find
keep
job
get
worse
time
two
people
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stronger
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older
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tagged
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records
hearings
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cline
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committee
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older
workers
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especially
regain
employment
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age
limits
regardless
potential
job
performance
costs
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practices
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older
persons
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incidence
unemployment
especially
unemployment
relative
younger
ages
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among
older
workers
statutory
objects
promote
employment
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persons
based
ability
rather
age
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arbitrary
age
discrimination
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employers
workers
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employment
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workers
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limits
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age
discrimination
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references
wirtz
report
finding
lmost
three
every
five
employers
covered
survey
effect
age
limitations
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new
hires
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report
adea
ban
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caps
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applicants
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age
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least
forty
years
age
less
years
age
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prefatory
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legislative
history
make
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reports
congressional
findings
simply
confirm
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used
phrase
discriminat
ion
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age
way
ordinary
people
common
usage
might
speak
age
discrimination
day
week
one
commonplace
conception
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society
recent
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character
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better
talk
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age
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refer
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older
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sense
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thinking
lot
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typically
owing
youth
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tend
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see
estimony
indicated
age
age
discrimination
employment
becomes
evident
even
threshold
adopted
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older
people
begins
even
younger
age
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flight
attendants
fired
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ibid
see
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hearings
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wirtz
lowering
minimum
age
limit
change
nature
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employment
discrimination
measure
thus
threshold
makes
sense
identifying
class
requiring
protection
preference
juniors
defining
class
might
threatened
favoritism
toward
federal
reports
replete
cases
taking
position
nearly
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decisions
like
one
reviewed
start
closest
home
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hazen
paper
biggins
held
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firing
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basis
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distinct
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even
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occur
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advanced
years
said
essence
age
discrimination
older
employee
fired
employer
believes
productivity
competence
decline
old
age
whereas
discrimination
basis
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status
constitute
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treatment
basis
age
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stereotype
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worker
figured
decision
attendant
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ensue
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cases
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legislative
history
adea
repeatedly
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process
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degeneration
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consistent
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text
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history
point
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complaints
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courts
read
law
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unanimous
accord
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forbid
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old
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circuit
held
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first
circuit
said
schuler
district
courts
ruled
cases
numerous
citation
strength
consensus
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serious
claim
ambiguity
congressional
silence
years
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interpretation
supports
adherence
traditional
iii
cline
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eeoc
proffer
three
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view
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works
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justice
thomas
post
statute
meaning
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age
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life
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test
causation
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reading
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discrimination
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bona
fide
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qualification
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cline
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cleaners
dyers
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connection
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ibid
see
also
cleveland
indians
baseball
phrase
wages
paid
different
meanings
different
parts
title
robinson
shell
oil
term
employee
different
meanings
different
parts
title
vii
presumption
uniform
usage
thus
word
used
several
commonly
understood
meanings
among
speaker
alternate
course
ordinary
conversation
without
confused
getting
confusing
age
kind
word
justice
thomas
post
agrees
word
age
standing
alone
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either
pointing
number
years
lived
common
shorthand
longer
span
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make
youth
look
good
alternative
probably
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different
choices
meaning
lie
behind
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like
age
shown
driver
license
statement
age
left
easy
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congress
chose
different
meanings
different
places
adea
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show
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second
flaw
cline
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ignores
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read
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phrase
meaning
words
around
jones
quoting
jarecki
searle
point
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whole
phrase
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age
occurs
adea
said
social
history
emphatically
reveals
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age
discrimination
aimed
old
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reference
age
discrimination
idiomatic
sense
confirmed
legislative
history
reason
reference
context
shows
age
means
old
age
teamed
discrimination
provision
affirmative
defense
age
bona
fide
occupational
qualification
readily
shows
age
qualification
means
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context
tells
us
age
means
one
thing
another
also
tells
us
presumption
uniformity
sensibly
operate
comparisons
justice
thomas
urges
post
mcdonald
santa
fe
trail
transp
oncale
sundowner
offshore
services
serve
clarify
position
cases
involved
title
vii
civil
rights
act
et
prohibition
employment
discrimination
individual
race
sex
emphasis
added
term
age
employed
adea
however
comparable
terms
race
sex
employed
title
vii
race
sex
general
terms
every
day
usage
require
modifiers
indicate
relatively
narrow
application
commonly
understand
race
refer
black
race
sex
refer
female
prohibition
age
discrimination
readily
read
narrowly
analogous
provisions
dealing
race
sex
narrower
reading
natural
one
textual
setting
makes
perfect
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highlighted
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approach
prohibition
title
vii
civil
rights
act
stat
amended
et
seq
little
doubt
motivation
behind
enactment
civil
rights
act
prevent
invidious
discrimination
racial
minorities
especially
blacks
see
cong
rec
statement
humphrey
goals
bill
simple
ones
extend
negro
citizens
rights
opportunities
white
americans
take
granted
president
kennedy
announcing
civil
rights
proposal
identified
several
social
problems
negro
baby
born
america
today
much
chance
completing
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school
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baby
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man
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prospects
earning
half
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radio
television
report
american
people
civil
rights
public
papers
presidents
john
kennedy
june
pp
gave
examples
cited
occurrences
discrimination
whites
indicated
discrimination
motivated
even
part
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submission
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rights
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rights
commission
report
focused
employment
section
solely
discrimination
racial
minorities
noting
instance
twin
problems
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lack
skilled
workers
magnified
minority
groups
subject
discrimination
commission
civil
rights
report
also
discussed
analyzed
severe
unemployment
statistics
black
workers
compared
white
workers
see
see
also
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findings
commission
listing
examples
discrimination
blacks
report
presented
evidence
problems
even
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whites
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debates
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filled
statements
decrying
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racial
minorities
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forth
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minorities
suffered
contain
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find
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whites
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cong
rec
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clark
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discrimination
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market
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need
legislation
suggest
economics
heart
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bias
negro
condemned
poverty
lack
equal
job
opportunities
poverty
kept
negro
mainstream
american
life
statement
kennedy
title
vii
directed
toward
judgment
american
negroes
need
increase
health
happiness
deprived
chance
make
decent
living
income
needed
bring
children
family
tragedy
statement
humphrey
like
turn
problem
racial
discrimination
employment
present
time
negroes
members
minority
groups
equal
chance
hired
promoted
given
desirable
assignments
ibid
citing
disfavorable
unemployment
rates
nonwhites
compared
whites
ibid
discrimination
employment
confined
region
widespread
every
part
country
harmful
negroes
members
minority
groups
crux
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open
employment
opportunities
negroes
occupations
traditionally
closed
statement
kuchel
negro
puerto
rican
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american
mexican
descent
secure
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right
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places
public
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one
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confronted
life
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labor
loss
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human
also
nation
statement
moss
us
except
person
discriminated
basis
race
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national
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knows
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school
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diligently
turns
day
day
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overtime
puts
never
get
boss
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work
crew
foreman
single
division
fair
employment
practices
title
right
displace
white
man
given
preference
simply
right
running
find
evidence
even
single
legislator
appeared
concerned
whether
incidents
discrimination
whites
find
citation
incidents
sum
record
evidence
white
workers
suffering
expense
racial
minorities
discrimination
whites
favor
racial
minorities
hardly
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problem
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ing
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statute
place
white
worker
parity
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minorities
ante
thus
talk
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race
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refer
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racial
minorities
ibid
light
opinion
today
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path
respect
title
vii
since
least
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mcdonald
santa
fe
trail
transp
holding
title
vii
protected
whites
discriminated
favor
racial
minorities
mcdonald
relied
fact
terms
title
vii
prohibiting
discharge
individual
individual
race
limited
discrimination
members
particular
race
admittedly
also
relied
eeoc
interpretation
title
vii
given
decisions
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statements
legislative
history
enactment
title
vii
see
citing
cong
remarks
celler
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remarks
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instant
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interpretation
title
vii
already
noted
see
supra
relevant
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history
respect
question
posture
legislative
history
behind
title
vii
namely
statement
age
discrimination
cuts
ways
relatively
younger
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sue
discriminated
see
cong
statement
yarborough
abundantly
clear
new
approach
antidiscrimination
statutes
lead
us
far
astray
principles
statutory
interpretation
examination
social
history
serious
tension
outright
conflict
prior
cases
matters
current
approach
instance
mcdonald
wrongly
decided
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secretary
labor
older
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wirtz
report
emphasis
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house
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seeker
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sheppard
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unemployment
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age
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harrison
williams
beliefs
generalizations
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prohibition
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title
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prohibition
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title
vii
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even
single
reference
committee
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congressional
debates
title
vii
prohibition
sex
discrimination
social
problem
requir
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age
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race
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age
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