bridges
wixon
argued
decided
june
statute
providing
deportation
aliens
members
affiliated
organization
believes
overthrow
force
government
imports
less
membership
sympathy
working
alliance
bring
fruition
proscribed
program
proscribed
organization
distinguished
mere
proscribed
organization
lawful
activities
essential
immigration
act
amended
richard
gladstein
san
francisco
lee
pressman
washington
petitioner
sol
fahy
washington
respondent
justice
douglas
delivered
opinion
harry
bridges
alien
entered
country
australia
deportation
proceedings
instituted
ground
member
affiliated
communist
party
party
advised
taught
overthrow
force
ment
caused
printed
matter
circulated
advocated
course
statute
force
past
membership
past
affiliation
insufficient
deportation
present
membership
present
affiliation
required
kessler
strecker
hearing
examiner
hon
james
landis
concluded
evidence
established
neither
harry
bridges
member
affiliated
communist
party
secretary
labor
sustained
examiner
dismissed
proceedings
january
act
june
congress
amended
statute
provide
deportation
lien
time
entering
time
thereafter
member
affiliated
organization
character
attributed
communist
party
first
proceeding
second
deportation
proceeding
instituted
harry
bridges
amended
statute
ground
member
affiliated
organization
another
hearing
inspector
designated
conduct
hearings
make
report
hon
charles
sears
found
communist
party
organization
character
described
statute
marine
workers
industrial
union
affiliated
communist
party
organization
character
entering
country
harry
bridges
affiliated
organi
ations
member
communist
party
recommended
deportation
case
heard
board
immigration
found
harry
bridges
member
affiliated
either
organizations
time
entered
country
attorney
general
reviewed
decision
board
rendered
opinion
made
findings
accordance
proposed
inspector
ordered
harry
bridges
deported
warrant
deportation
issued
harry
bridges
surrendered
custody
respondent
challenged
legality
detention
petition
writ
habeas
corpus
district
northern
district
california
denied
petition
remanded
petitioner
custody
respondent
supp
circuit
appeals
affirmed
divided
vote
case
petition
writ
certiorari
granted
serious
character
questions
presented
said
harry
bridges
came
australia
returned
australia
since
time
longshoreman
became
active
trade
union
work
water
front
san
francisco
attorney
general
found
much
improve
conditions
existed
among
longshoremen
reorganized
headed
international
longshoremen
association
american
federation
labor
union
led
maritime
workers
strike
pacific
coast
president
local
international
longshoremen
association
pacific
coast
president
union
broke
american
federation
labor
changed
name
international
longshoremen
warehousemen
union
became
affiliated
committee
industrial
organization
bridges
elected
pacific
coast
district
president
union
held
office
ever
since
also
holds
several
important
offices
two
grounds
deportation
order
harry
bridges
one
time
communist
party
member
different
questions
deal
separately
affiliation
statute
defines
affiliation
follows
purpose
section
giving
loaning
promising
money
thing
value
used
advising
advocacy
teaching
doctrine
enumerated
shall
constitute
advising
advocacy
teaching
doctrine
giving
loaning
promising
money
thing
value
organization
association
society
group
character
described
shall
constitute
affiliation
therewith
nothing
paragraph
shall
taken
exclusive
definition
advising
advocacy
teaching
affiliation
stat
doctrine
referred
overthrow
government
force
violence
organizations
groups
referred
advise
teach
doctrine
write
circulate
display
like
possession
purpose
written
printed
matter
character
ruling
question
whether
alien
communist
party
therefore
deported
ex
rel
kettunen
reimer
said
affiliation
proved
alien
shown
conducted
brought
status
mutual
recognition
may
relied
communist
party
fairly
permanent
basis
must
merely
sympathy
aims
even
willing
aid
casual
intermittent
way
affiliation
includes
element
dependability
upon
organization
rely
though
equivalent
membership
duty
rest
upon
course
conduct
abruptly
ended
without
giving
least
reasonable
cause
charge
breach
good
faith
idea
expressed
dean
landis
first
bridges
report
stating
implies
bond
went
say
corporate
field
use
embraces
casual
affinity
occasional
similarity
objective
ties
connections
though
less
complete
control
parent
possesses
subsidiary
nevertheless
sufficient
create
continuing
relationship
embraces
units
within
concept
system
field
eleemosynary
political
organization
basic
idea
prevails
concluded
engaged
bitter
industrial
struggles
tend
seek
help
assistance
every
available
source
intermittent
solicitation
acceptance
help
must
shown
ripened
bonds
mutual
cooperation
alliance
entail
continuing
reciprocal
duties
responsibilities
deemed
come
within
statutory
requirement
affiliation
expand
statutory
definition
embrace
within
terms
ad
hoc
objectives
whose
pursuit
clearly
allowable
constitutional
system
friendly
associations
shown
resulted
employment
illegal
means
warranted
neither
reason
law
legislative
history
throws
little
light
meaning
used
statute
imports
however
less
membership
sympathy
terms
statute
includes
contribute
money
anything
value
organization
believes
advises
advocates
teaches
overthrow
government
force
violence
example
throws
light
meaning
term
renders
financial
assistance
organization
may
generally
said
approve
objectives
aims
congress
declared
case
alien
contributed
treasury
organization
whose
aim
overthrow
government
force
violence
cooperates
organization
wholly
lawful
activities
fact
said
matter
law
conclusive
cooperation
intermittent
showed
rather
consistent
course
conduct
common
sense
indicates
term
setting
construed
narrowly
individuals
like
nations
may
cooperate
common
cause
period
months
years
though
ultimate
aims
coincide
alliances
limited
objectives
well
known
certainly
joined
forces
russia
defeat
nazis
may
said
made
alliance
spread
cause
communism
individual
makes
contributions
feed
hungry
men
become
communist
cause
men
communists
different
result
necessarily
indicated
aid
given
received
proscribed
organization
order
win
legitimate
objective
domestic
controversy
whether
intermittent
repeated
act
acts
tending
prove
must
quality
indicates
adherence
furtherance
purposes
objectives
proscribed
organization
distinguished
mere
lawful
activities
act
acts
must
evidence
working
alliance
bring
program
fruition
satisfied
term
construed
either
judge
sears
attorney
general
reports
made
case
contain
precise
formulation
standard
employed
way
term
used
applied
convinces
us
given
looser
expansive
meaning
statute
permits
judge
sears
report
stated
clearly
word
broader
content
membership
narrower
content
sympathy
generally
continuity
relationship
bring
word
application
concluded
necessarily
view
statutory
definition
added
may
doubtless
shown
circumstantially
assisting
enterprises
organization
securing
members
taking
part
meetings
organized
directed
behalf
organization
tend
show
affiliation
weight
given
evidence
course
determined
trier
fact
view
apparently
shared
attorney
general
broad
sweep
given
term
application
facts
case
illustrated
following
excerpt
attorney
general
report
sears
summarizes
bridges
attitude
towards
communist
party
policies
saying
instances
evidence
establish
membership
affiliation
communist
party
nevertheless
show
sympathetic
cooperative
attitude
part
party
form
pattern
consistent
conclusion
alien
followed
course
conduct
affiliate
communist
party
rather
matter
chance
coincidence
conclusion
said
judge
sears
strengthened
consistently
favoring
nondiscrimination
union
men
communist
membership
excoriating
baiters
called
took
opposite
view
cooperation
communist
party
carrying
program
penetration
boring
within
turn
facts
case
little
course
conduct
reveals
cooperation
communist
groups
attainment
wholly
lawful
objectives
associations
harry
bridges
various
communist
groups
seem
indicate
cooperative
measures
attain
objectives
wholly
legitimate
link
sought
tie
subversive
activities
exceedingly
tenuous
one
may
said
exist
trade
union
unity
league
found
communist
organization
chartered
marine
workers
industrial
union
continued
found
proscribed
organization
union
launched
waterfront
worker
mimeographed
sheet
attorney
general
sustained
judge
sears
finding
bridges
sponsored
responsible
publication
shortly
first
appeared
abandonment
paper
acknowledged
assistance
mwiu
prior
september
question
bridges
took
paper
closely
contested
board
immigration
appeals
finding
bridges
became
connected
september
mwiu
abandoned
finding
judge
sears
approved
attorney
general
paper
instrument
mwiu
communist
party
december
abandonment
domination
control
organizations
period
rested
primarily
following
grounds
acknowledged
cooperation
early
issues
paper
subsequent
favorable
treatment
organizations
paper
entire
existence
consistent
attacks
upon
leaders
support
communist
candidates
political
office
advice
read
communist
literature
use
addresses
communists
organizations
evidence
underlying
findings
examined
found
devoid
showing
waterfront
worker
advocated
overthrow
government
force
militant
trade
union
journal
aired
grievances
longshoreman
discussed
national
affairs
affecting
interests
working
men
declared
war
found
evidence
whatsoever
suggests
advocated
overthrow
government
force
finding
bridges
took
project
view
advancing
lawful
cause
unionism
advice
vice
support
office
certain
candidates
said
communists
based
entirely
platform
relief
abolition
vagrancy
laws
evictions
gas
water
electricity
unemployed
unemployment
relief
advice
read
communist
literature
general
specifically
addressed
comparative
merits
publications
papers
truthfulness
labor
news
use
addresses
communist
organizations
especially
stressed
attorney
general
said
judge
sears
demonstrate
close
cooperation
communists
communist
organizations
close
cooperation
sufficient
establish
within
meaning
statute
must
evidence
working
alliance
bring
proscribed
program
fruition
must
remembered
marine
workers
industrial
union
sham
pretense
genuine
union
found
assume
illegitimate
objective
overthrowing
government
force
also
objective
improving
lot
members
normal
trade
union
sense
one
cooperated
promoting
legitimate
objectives
certainly
fact
alone
said
sponsor
approve
general
unlawful
objectives
unless
also
joined
overall
program
communist
cause
sense
statute
uses
term
whether
one
member
union
without
becoming
communist
party
within
meaning
statute
need
decide
harry
bridges
never
member
say
cooperation
made
turn
communist
party
impute
belief
adherence
general
unlawful
objectives
connection
must
remembered
although
deportation
technically
criminal
punishment
johannessen
bugajewitz
adams
mahler
eby
may
nevertheless
visit
great
hardship
deprivation
right
pursue
vocation
calling
cf
cummings
missouri
wall
ex
parte
garland
wall
stated
justice
brandeis
speaking
ng
fung
ho
white
deportation
may
result
loss
makes
life
worth
living
assume
congress
meant
employ
term
broad
fluid
sense
visit
hardship
alien
slight
insubstantial
reasons
clear
congress
desired
country
rid
aliens
embraced
political
faith
force
violence
believe
congress
intended
cast
wide
net
reach
whose
ideas
program
though
coinciding
legitimate
aims
groups
nevertheless
fell
far
short
overthrowing
government
force
violence
freedom
speech
press
accorded
aliens
residing
country
bridges
california
far
record
shows
literature
published
harry
bridges
utterances
made
entitled
protection
revealed
militant
advocacy
cause
trade
unionism
teach
advocate
advise
subversive
conduct
condemned
statute
inference
must
piled
inference
impute
belief
harry
bridges
revolutionary
aims
groups
whose
aid
assistance
employed
endeavor
improve
lot
workingmen
water
front
enlisted
aid
denied
justified
course
grounds
get
help
aid
cause
union
evidence
opposed
communist
tactics
fomenting
strikes
believed
policy
arbitration
direct
negotiation
settle
labor
disputes
strike
reserved
last
resort
dean
landis
stated
first
report
statement
political
beliefs
disbeliefs
important
given
without
reserve
vigorously
dogma
faiths
man
proud
represented
mind
aims
existence
fighting
apologia
refused
temper
winds
caution
avowal
sympathy
many
objectives
communist
party
times
embraced
expression
disbelief
methods
wished
employ
revolutionary
generally
seem
unequivocal
distrust
tactics
generally
included
within
concept
democratic
methods
bridges
aims
energetically
radical
may
admitted
proof
fails
establish
methods
seeks
employ
realize
framework
democratic
constitutional
government
permits
observation
equally
pertinent
record
us
construe
used
statute
bring
conduct
attitudes
within
reach
whether
evidence
justify
finding
strict
sense
statute
uses
term
us
say
act
innocent
face
may
done
evil
purpose
fate
human
stake
presence
evil
purpose
may
left
conjecture
habeas
corpus
proceedings
review
evidence
beyond
ascertaining
evidence
support
deportation
order
vajtauer
commissioner
detention
invalid
order
deportation
established
alien
ordered
deported
reasons
specified
congress
mahler
eby
supra
case
review
record
convinces
us
finding
based
loose
meaning
term
membership
evidence
used
support
finding
harry
bridges
communist
party
also
corroborate
finding
one
time
member
organization
may
assume
evidence
though
falling
short
requirements
might
admissible
latter
purpose
difficulty
finding
membership
like
finding
affiliation
infirmity
may
challenged
attack
legality
harry
bridges
detention
deportation
order
rule
regulations
immigration
naturalization
service
provides
statements
secured
alien
person
investigation
used
evidence
shall
taken
writing
investigating
officer
shall
ask
person
interrogated
sign
statement
whenever
recorded
statement
obtained
person
investigating
officer
shall
identify
person
interrogation
person
shall
oath
affirmation
whenever
recorded
statement
obtained
person
investigation
shall
warned
statement
made
may
used
evidence
subsequent
proceeding
rule
provides
part
recorded
statement
made
alien
general
information
form
person
investigation
may
received
evidence
maker
statement
unavailable
refuses
testify
warrant
hearing
gives
testimony
contradicting
statements
made
investigation
government
witness
intimate
harry
bridges
course
examination
asked
statements
allegedly
made
investigating
officers
months
earlier
statements
signed
made
interrogation
oath
shown
asked
swear
sign
asked
refused
read
record
verified
stenographer
took
officer
testified
later
repeated
statements
witnesses
statements
joined
communist
party
december
walked
bridges
office
one
day
saw
bridges
pasting
assessment
stamps
communist
party
book
bridges
reminded
attending
party
meetings
admitted
making
statements
investigating
officers
denied
making
particular
statements
judge
sears
admitted
statements
purposes
impeachment
substantive
evidence
board
immigration
appeals
attorney
general
conceded
statements
admitted
violation
rules
board
held
error
consider
statements
affirmative
probative
evidence
attorney
general
ruled
alien
raised
question
time
hearing
compliance
departmental
regulations
obligatory
deliberate
rejection
request
exclude
testimony
rendered
appropriate
objections
raised
board
objection
raised
alien
throughout
hearing
however
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right
object
technical
ground
statement
taken
accordance
rules
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difficulty
position
bridges
protest
judge
sears
use
statement
maintained
erroneously
received
without
probative
value
though
rest
objection
regulations
fundamental
difficulty
original
deciding
body
inspector
hears
case
merely
submits
memorandum
setting
forth
evidence
adduced
hearing
proposed
findings
fact
conclusions
law
proposed
order
case
heard
board
immigration
appeals
authorized
perform
functions
attorney
general
relation
deportation
supp
case
may
go
attorney
general
dicision
objection
evidence
ground
volates
governing
regulations
made
agency
entrusted
duty
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whether
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deportation
established
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soon
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use
statements
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evidence
made
board
attorney
general
specifically
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qualify
regulations
rules
designed
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interests
alien
afford
due
process
law
action
deciding
body
recommendation
inspector
determines
whether
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ported
rules
afford
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stage
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person
power
deport
entrusted
attorney
general
agency
designates
original
trier
fact
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made
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procedures
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oath
signed
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hold
allow
men
convicted
unsworn
testimony
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runs
counter
notions
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ex
rel
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dealing
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hearings
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aptly
stated
interstate
commerce
co
mission
louisville
nashville
liberal
practice
admitting
testimony
imperative
obligation
preserve
essential
rules
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asserted
defended
liberty
individual
stake
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great
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stay
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work
land
freedom
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times
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doubted
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care
must
exercised
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liberty
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standards
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record
us
clear
use
ex
parte
statements
highly
prejudicial
unsworn
statements
testimony
one
lundeberg
accepted
attorney
general
showing
bridges
member
communist
party
testimony
contradictory
unreliable
rejected
attorney
general
finding
lundeberg
testimony
treated
attorney
general
independently
finding
different
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whether
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alone
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order
attorney
general
unlike
judge
sears
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membership
lumped
together
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bridges
ruled
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