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rankin
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attorney
general
yeagley
bruce
terris
kevin
maroney
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hunter
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curiae
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liberties
union
thomas
emerson
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lawyers
guild
royal
france
rev
edwin
aiken
et
al
justice
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delivered
opinion
proceeding
pursuant
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activities
control
act
review
order
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activities
control
board
requiring
communist
party
register
organization
act
appeals
district
columbia
affirmed
board
registration
order
important
questions
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party
petition
certiorari
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case
subversive
activities
control
act
title
internal
security
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stat
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certain
provisions
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legislative
findings
based
upon
evidence
adduced
various
congressional
committees
first
exists
world
communist
movement
origins
development
present
practice
revolutionary
movement
whose
purpose
treachery
deceit
infiltration
groups
governmental
otherwise
espionage
sabotage
terrorism
means
deemed
necessary
establish
communist
totalitarian
dictatorship
countries
throughout
world
medium
communist
organization
communist
action
organizations
established
utilized
various
countries
acting
control
direction
discipline
endeavor
carry
objectives
world
communist
movement
bringing
overthrow
existing
governments
available
means
including
force
necessary
setting
communist
totalitarian
dictatorships
subservient
powerful
existing
communist
totalitarian
dictatorship
although
organizations
usually
designate
political
parties
fact
constituent
elements
communist
movement
promote
objectives
movement
conspiratorial
coercive
tactics
instead
democratic
processes
free
elective
system
means
employed
political
party
operates
agency
people
govern
communist
movement
organization
numbering
thousands
adherents
rigidly
ruthlessly
disciplined
awaiting
seeking
advance
moment
may
far
extended
foreign
engagements
far
divided
counsel
far
industrial
financial
straits
overthrow
government
force
violence
may
seem
possible
achievement
seeks
converts
far
wide
extensive
system
schooling
indoctrination
preparations
communist
organizations
countries
aided
supplanting
existing
governments
communist
organization
pursuing
stated
objectives
recent
successes
communist
methods
countries
nature
control
world
communist
movement
present
clear
present
danger
security
existence
free
american
institutions
make
necessary
congress
order
provide
common
defense
preserve
sovereignty
independent
nation
guarantee
state
republican
form
government
enact
appropriate
legislation
recognizing
existence
conspiracy
designed
prevent
accomplishing
purpose
organization
diplomatic
representative
mission
foreign
government
accredited
department
state
substantially
directed
dominated
controlled
foreign
government
foreign
organization
controlling
world
communist
movement
referred
section
title
ii
operates
primarily
advance
objectives
world
communist
movement
referred
section
title
section
branch
fraction
cell
organization
defined
subparagraph
paragraph
complied
registration
requirements
title
section
requires
registration
organizations
defined
substantially
directed
dominated
controlled
organization
primarily
operated
purpose
giving
aid
support
organization
communist
foreign
government
world
communist
movement
procedures
requirements
registration
communist
fronts
identical
organizations
except
fronts
need
list
members
case
failure
organization
register
file
registration
statement
annual
report
required
act
becomes
duty
executive
officer
secretary
officers
organization
attorney
general
regulations
prescribes
register
organization
file
statement
report
individual
becomes
member
registered
organization
knows
registered
failed
list
name
member
required
register
within
sixty
days
obtains
knowledge
individual
becomes
member
organization
concerning
effect
final
order
subversive
activities
control
board
requiring
register
organization
registered
although
thirty
days
elapsed
since
order
became
final
required
register
within
thirty
days
becoming
member
within
sixty
days
registration
order
becomes
final
whichever
later
criminal
penalties
imposed
upon
organizations
officers
individuals
fail
register
file
statements
required
fine
offense
organization
fine
imprisonment
five
years
offense
officer
individual
day
failure
register
constituting
separate
offense
individuals
registration
statement
annual
report
willfully
make
false
statement
willfully
omit
fact
required
stated
necessary
make
information
given
misleading
subject
like
penalty
attorney
general
required
keep
department
justice
separate
registers
organizations
containing
names
addresses
organizations
registration
statements
annual
reports
case
organizations
registration
statements
individual
members
registers
open
public
inspection
attorney
general
must
submit
yearly
report
president
congress
including
names
addresses
registered
organizations
listed
members
required
publish
federal
register
fact
organization
registered
organization
publication
constitutes
notice
members
registration
organization
whenever
attorney
general
reason
believe
organization
registered
organization
kind
required
register
individual
registered
required
register
shall
petition
subversive
activities
control
board
order
organization
individual
register
manner
provided
act
organization
individual
registered
individual
listed
registration
statement
denies
holds
office
membership
registered
organization
attorney
general
upon
proper
request
failed
strike
register
may
pursuant
designated
procedures
file
subversive
activities
control
board
petition
cancellation
registration
appropriate
relief
board
whose
organization
procedure
prescribed
empowered
hold
hearings
shall
public
examine
witnesses
receive
evidence
compel
attendance
testimony
witnesses
production
documents
relevant
matter
inquiry
hearing
board
determines
organization
organization
individual
member
organization
shall
make
report
writing
shall
issue
order
requiring
organization
individual
register
denying
petition
relief
board
determines
organization
organization
individual
member
organization
shall
make
report
writing
issue
order
denying
attorney
general
petition
registration
order
canceling
registration
organization
individual
striking
name
individual
registration
statement
annual
report
appropriate
party
aggrieved
order
board
may
obtain
review
filing
appeals
district
columbia
petition
praying
order
set
side
findings
board
facts
supported
preponderance
evidence
shall
conclusive
either
party
shall
apply
leave
adduce
additional
evidence
shall
show
satisfaction
additional
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material
may
order
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evidence
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board
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may
modify
findings
facts
shall
file
modified
new
findings
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evidence
shall
conclusive
may
enter
appropriate
orders
judgment
decree
shall
final
except
may
reviewed
writ
certiorari
order
board
requiring
registration
communist
organization
become
final
upon
termination
proceedings
judicial
review
upon
expiration
time
allowed
institution
proceedings
board
shall
publish
federal
register
fact
order
become
final
publication
shall
constitute
notice
members
organization
order
become
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section
act
provides
determining
whether
organization
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board
shall
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extent
policies
formulated
carried
activities
performed
pursuant
directives
effectuate
policies
foreign
government
foreign
organization
vested
domination
control
exercised
direction
control
world
communist
movement
referred
section
title
extent
views
policies
deviate
foreign
government
foreign
organization
extent
receives
financial
aid
directly
indirectly
direction
foreign
government
foreign
organization
extent
sends
members
representatives
foreign
country
instruction
training
principles
policies
strategy
tactics
world
communist
movement
extent
reports
foreign
government
foreign
organization
representatives
extent
principal
leaders
substantial
number
members
subject
recognize
disciplinary
power
foreign
government
foreign
organization
representatives
extent
purpose
concealing
foreign
direction
domination
control
expediting
promoting
objectives
fails
disclose
resists
efforts
obtain
information
membership
keeping
membership
lists
code
instructing
members
refuse
acknowledge
membership
method
ii
members
refuse
acknowledge
membership
therein
iii
fails
disclose
resists
efforts
obtain
information
records
membership
lists
iv
meetings
secret
otherwise
operates
secret
basis
extent
principal
leaders
substantial
number
members
consider
allegiance
owe
subordinate
obligations
foreign
government
foreign
organization
organization
registered
act
effect
respect
final
order
board
requiring
register
prohibits
person
acting
behalf
transmitting
mails
means
instrumentality
interstate
foreign
commerce
publication
intended
may
reasonably
believed
intended
circulated
disseminated
among
two
persons
unless
publication
envelope
wrapper
container
bear
writing
disseminated
name
organization
communist
organization
section
prohibits
organization
person
acting
behalf
broadcasting
causing
broadcast
matter
radio
television
station
unless
matter
preceded
statement
following
program
sponsored
name
organization
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organization
act
organization
entitled
exemption
federal
income
tax
internal
revenue
code
deduction
federal
purposes
allowed
case
contribution
unlawful
officer
employee
department
agency
corporation
whose
stock
owned
major
part
communicate
person
officer
employee
knows
reason
believe
officer
member
communist
organization
information
classified
president
affecting
security
knowing
reason
know
information
classified
unlawful
officer
member
communist
organization
knowingly
obtain
receive
attempt
obtain
receive
classified
information
government
officer
employee
communist
organization
registered
effect
respect
final
registration
order
subversive
activities
control
board
unlawful
member
organization
knowing
notice
organization
registered
order
final
hold
office
employment
conceal
fail
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member
organization
seeking
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employment
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member
organization
seeking
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employment
defense
facility
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organization
engage
employment
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facility
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member
hold
office
employment
labor
organization
term
defined
national
labor
relations
act
amended
represent
employer
matter
proceeding
arising
pending
act
unlawful
officer
employee
defense
facility
knowing
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organization
registered
registration
order
concerning
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advise
urge
member
organization
knowledge
notice
member
engage
conduct
constitutes
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officer
employee
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funds
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effect
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registration
order
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activities
control
board
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member
organization
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notice
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order
final
apply
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authority
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reason
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time
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unless
establish
knowledge
reason
believe
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organization
ineligible
receive
visas
excluded
admission
subject
deportation
upon
order
attorney
general
immigration
nationality
act
stat
person
shall
naturalized
citizen
certain
exceptions
within
ten
years
immediately
preceding
filing
naturalization
petition
member
affiliate
organization
time
registered
required
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member
affiliate
organization
time
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required
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unless
establishes
knowledge
reason
believe
organization
immigration
nationality
act
stat
person
naturalized
effective
date
act
becomes
within
five
years
following
naturalization
member
affiliate
organization
membership
affiliation
time
naturalization
precluded
naturalized
shall
considered
prima
facie
evidence
person
attached
principles
constitution
well
disposed
good
order
happiness
time
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countervailing
evidence
shall
suffice
authorize
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act
stat
service
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final
registration
order
effect
employment
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social
security
act
amended
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chapter
internal
revenue
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performed
june
section
subversive
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neither
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shall
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per
se
violation
penal
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act
criminal
statute
fact
registration
person
officer
member
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shall
received
evidence
person
prosecution
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penal
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statute
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provides
provision
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application
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person
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invalid
remaining
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application
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persons
circumstances
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affected
thereby
litigation
long
history
november
attorney
general
petitioned
subversive
activities
control
board
order
require
communist
party
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organization
party
thereupon
brought
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district
district
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proceedings
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communist
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stayed
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ended
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witnesses
attorney
general
three
party
presented
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book
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april
board
issued
report
concluding
party
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activities
control
act
order
requiring
party
register
manner
prescribed
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disposition
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district
columbia
party
petition
review
registration
order
party
moved
pursuant
leave
adduce
additional
evidence
alleged
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three
witnesses
attorney
general
crouch
johnson
matusow
testified
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board
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affirmed
order
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finding
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allegations
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denied
attorney
general
concluding
registration
order
based
record
impugned
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testimony
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three
witnesses
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stand
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members
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passports
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members
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movement
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freedom
expression
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amendment
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party
officers
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subjects
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amendment
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process
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order
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organization
members
foreclose
party
arguing
argue
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effect
consequences
registration
provisions
seem
represent
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attempt
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means
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party
registration
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purpose
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consequences
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members
act
said
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party
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nestor
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balance
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purpose
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movement
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travel
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agents
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purposes
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ingress
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passports
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exemptions
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suggest
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purpose
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provisions
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history
contain
suggestion
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reports
bills
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object
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movement
operate
open
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movement
protect
public
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collaboration
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party
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party
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conduct
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party
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party
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analysis
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power
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approach
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party
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rel
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atkinson
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party
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amendment
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party
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hold
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amendment
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congress
requiring
registration
filing
information
including
membership
lists
organizations
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dominated
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powers
controlling
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movement
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government
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totalitarian
dictatorship
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first
amendment
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amendment
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regulation
requires
registration
condition
upon
exercise
speech
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affront
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guarantee
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expression
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collins
case
held
state
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punish
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speaker
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communications
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press
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communications
assn
douds
accept
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threat
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paeans
praise
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policies
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lyon
congressman
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party
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prison
sentence
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set
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citizens
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legislation
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test
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enactment
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president
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plank
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congress
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place
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lyon
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law
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act
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communists
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today
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time
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congressional
debate
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sedition
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voiced
today
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liberties
people
america
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subversive
activities
control
act
consideration
says
communist
movement
organization
numbering
thousands
adherents
rigidly
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moment
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force
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may
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party
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ago
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countries
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government
represent
people
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people
way
willing
bear
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grievances
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upon
facts
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demand
either
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change
government
plain
governments
world
today
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act
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act
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tyrants
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like
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amendment
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security
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parties
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like
sons
liberty
american
corresponding
societies
played
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part
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sentiment
country
led
people
colonies
want
nation
father
constitution
james
madison
said
speaking
sedition
act
aimed
crushing
jeffersonian
party
law
effect
period
revolution
might
well
continued
miserable
colonies
groaning
foreign
yoke
judgment
country
internal
security
better
served
depending
upon
affection
people
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fear
dread
power
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communist
party
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group
country
numbers
dwindling
even
government
began
campaign
destroy
party
force
law
vast
majority
american
people
party
policies
overwhelmingly
rejected
candidates
year
year
true
american
way
securing
nation
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ideas
course
way
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actions
violence
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drew
distinction
constitution
wise
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government
fullest
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power
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people
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sympathizers
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ideology
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less
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us
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ideas
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world
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leave
communists
free
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beliefs
proletarian
dictatorship
publicly
openly
among
people
country
full
confidence
people
remain
loyal
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government
truly
dedicated
freedom
justice
kind
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us
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think
last
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stat
amended
stat
amended
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opinion
scales
post
direction
control
world
communist
movement
vested
exercised
communist
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foreign
country
agents
communism
devised
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tactics
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form
manner
successfully
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existing
law
exists
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communist
movement
origins
development
present
practice
revolutionary
movement
whose
purpose
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infiltration
groups
governmental
otherwise
espionage
sabotage
terrorism
means
deemed
necessary
establish
communist
totalitarian
dictatorship
countries
throughout
world
medium
communist
organization
communist
movement
organization
numbering
thousands
adherents
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seeking
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moment
may
far
extended
foreign
engagements
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force
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may
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world
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movement
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doubt
registered
member
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party
find
almost
impossible
get
retain
employment
country
see
american
communications
assn
douds
barsky
board
regents
lerner
casey
beilan
board
education
nelson
county
los
angeles
konigsberg
state
bar
california
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cf
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tucker
see
dennis
yates
scales
post
noto
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see
watkins
sweezy
new
hampshire
barenblatt
uphaus
wyman
uphaus
wyman
wilkinson
braden
regard
think
present
case
identical
ex
parte
young
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penalties
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resorting
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result
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prohibited
company
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judicial
construction
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provides
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california
among
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free
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brandeis
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cf
gitlow
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long
run
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bunyan
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progress
milton
areopagitica
george
iii
section
act
requires
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form
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attorney
general
shall
regulation
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presses
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debates
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ibid
memoir
jefferson
alien
sedition
acts
comprised
three
different
statutes
enacted
stat
stat
stat
graphic
discussion
period
alien
sedition
acts
see
bowers
jefferson
hamilton
xvi
hysterics
xvii
reign
terror
much
sort
misdirected
persecution
doubtless
due
attitude
public
statements
influential
federalist
secretary
state
timothy
pickering
see
miller
crisis
freedom
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followers
held
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laid
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critical
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evidence
guilt
secretary
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intentional
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bridling
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miller
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became
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federalists
distinguish
genuine
american
democrat
french
jacobin
bent
upon
overturning
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indictment
lyon
alleged
two
counts
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president
adams
first
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lyon
made
published
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statement
executive
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alleged
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person
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two
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third
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globe
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period
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bowers
jefferson
hamilton
see
also
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jefferson
devoted
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time
gave
new
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part
jefferson
first
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primer
intellectual
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university
press
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president
van
buren
signed
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indemnified
descendants
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lyon
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year
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