griffin
wisconsin
argued
april
decided
june
wisconsin
law
places
probationers
legal
custody
state
department
health
social
services
renders
subject
conditions
set
rules
regulations
established
department
one
regulation
permits
probation
officer
search
probationer
home
without
warrant
long
supervisor
approves
long
reasonable
grounds
believe
presence
contraband
determining
whether
reasonable
grounds
exist
officer
must
consider
variety
factors
including
information
provided
informant
reliability
specificity
information
informant
reliability
officer
experience
probationer
need
verify
compliance
rules
probation
law
another
regulation
forbids
probationer
possess
firearm
without
probation
officer
advance
approval
upon
information
received
police
detective
might
guns
petitioner
probationer
apartment
probation
officers
searched
apartment
found
handgun
petitioner
tried
convicted
felony
possession
firearm
convicted
felon
state
trial
denied
motion
suppress
evidence
seized
search
concluding
warrant
necessary
search
reasonable
state
appeals
state
affirmed
held
warrantless
search
petitioner
residence
reasonable
within
meaning
fourth
amendment
conducted
pursuant
regulation
reasonable
response
special
needs
probation
system
pp
supervision
probationers
special
need
state
may
justify
departures
usual
warrant
requirements
supervision
necessary
ensure
probation
restrictions
fact
observed
probation
serves
genuine
rehabilitation
period
community
harmed
probationer
large
pp
search
regulation
valid
special
needs
wisconsin
probation
system
make
warrant
requirement
impracticable
justify
replacement
standard
regulation
reasonable
grounds
standard
reasonable
dispense
warrant
requirement
since
requirement
interfere
appreciable
degree
probation
system
setting
magistrate
rather
probation
officer
determiner
closely
probationer
must
supervised
making
difficult
probation
officials
respond
quickly
evidence
misconduct
reducing
deterrent
effect
possibility
expeditious
searches
otherwise
create
moreover
unlike
police
officer
conducts
ordinary
search
probation
officer
required
probationer
welfare
particularly
mind
requirement
unduly
disrupt
probation
system
reducing
deterrent
effect
supervisory
arrangement
lessening
range
information
probation
officer
consider
deciding
whether
search
probation
agency
must
able
act
based
upon
lesser
degree
certainty
order
intervene
probationer
damages
society
must
able
proceed
basis
entire
experience
probationer
assess
probabilities
light
knowledge
life
character
circumstances
thus
reasonable
permit
information
provided
police
officer
whether
basis
firsthand
knowledge
support
probationary
search
required
information
provided
indicates
likelihood
facts
justifying
search
pp
conclusion
regulation
question
constitutional
makes
unnecessary
consider
whether
search
probationer
home
lawful
reasonable
grounds
believe
contraband
present
scalia
delivered
opinion
rehnquist
white
powell
joined
blackmun
filed
dissenting
opinion
marshall
joined
parts
brennan
joined
part
stevens
joined
post
stevens
filed
dissenting
opinion
marshall
joined
post
alan
habermehl
appointment
argued
cause
filed
briefs
petitioner
barry
levenson
assistant
attorney
general
wisconsin
argued
cause
respondent
brief
donald
hanaway
attorney
general
arthur
eisenberg
filed
brief
american
civil
liberties
union
et
al
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
solicitor
general
fried
assistant
attorney
general
weld
deputy
solicitor
general
bryson
richard
taranto
kathleen
felton
filed
brief
amicus
curiae
urging
affirmance
briefs
amici
curiae
filed
state
california
john
van
de
kamp
attorney
general
steve
white
chief
assistant
attorney
general
ronald
niver
stan
helfman
deputy
attorneys
general
state
new
york
et
al
robert
abrams
attorney
general
new
york
peter
sherwood
solicitor
general
lawrence
kahn
deputy
solicitor
general
judith
kramer
assistant
attorney
general
robert
corbin
attorney
general
arizona
john
kelly
chief
state
attorney
connecticut
charles
oberly
iii
attorney
general
delaware
robert
butterworth
attorney
general
florida
james
jones
attorney
general
idaho
neil
hartigan
attorney
general
illinois
linley
pearson
attorney
general
indiana
frank
kelley
attorney
general
michigan
hubert
humphrey
iii
attorney
general
minnesota
stephen
merrill
attorney
general
new
hampshire
cary
edwards
attorney
general
new
jersey
lacy
thornburg
attorney
general
north
carolina
travis
medlock
attorney
general
south
carolina
justice
scalia
delivered
opinion
petitioner
joseph
griffin
probation
home
searched
probation
officers
acting
without
warrant
officers
found
gun
later
served
basis
griffin
conviction
weapons
offense
granted
certiorari
consider
whether
search
violated
fourth
amendment
september
griffin
previously
convicted
felony
convicted
wisconsin
state
resisting
arrest
disorderly
conduct
obstructing
officer
placed
probation
wisconsin
law
puts
probationers
legal
custody
state
department
health
social
services
renders
subject
conditions
set
rules
regulations
established
department
stat
one
department
regulations
permits
probation
officer
search
probationer
home
without
warrant
long
supervisor
approves
long
reasonable
grounds
believe
presence
contraband
including
item
probationer
possess
probation
conditions
admin
code
hss
rule
provides
officer
consider
variety
factors
determining
whether
reasonable
grounds
exist
among
information
provided
informant
reliability
specificity
information
reliability
informant
including
whether
informant
incentive
supply
inaccurate
information
officer
experience
probationer
need
verify
compliance
rules
supervision
state
federal
law
hss
another
regulation
makes
violation
terms
probation
refuse
consent
home
search
hss
still
another
forbids
probationer
possess
firearm
without
advance
approval
probation
officer
hss
april
griffin
still
probation
michael
lew
supervisor
griffin
probation
officer
received
information
detective
beloit
police
department
might
guns
griffin
apartment
unable
secure
assistance
griffin
probation
officer
lew
accompanied
another
probation
officer
three
plainclothes
policemen
went
apartment
griffin
answered
door
lew
told
informed
going
search
home
subsequent
search
carried
entirely
probation
officers
authority
wisconsin
probation
regulation
found
handgun
griffin
charged
possession
firearm
convicted
felon
felony
stat
moved
suppress
evidence
seized
search
trial
denied
motion
concluding
warrant
necessary
search
reasonable
jury
convicted
griffin
firearms
violation
sentenced
two
years
imprisonment
conviction
affirmed
wisconsin
appeals
appeal
wisconsin
also
affirmed
found
denial
suppression
motion
proper
probation
diminishes
probationer
reasonable
expectation
privacy
probation
officer
may
consistent
fourth
amendment
search
probationer
home
without
warrant
reasonable
grounds
probable
cause
believe
contraband
present
held
reasonable
grounds
standard
wisconsin
search
regulation
satisfied
reasonable
grounds
standard
federal
constitution
detective
tip
established
reasonable
grounds
within
meaning
regulation
since
came
someone
reason
supply
inaccurate
information
specifically
identified
griffin
suggested
need
verify
griffin
compliance
state
law
ii
think
wisconsin
correctly
concluded
warrantless
search
violate
fourth
amendment
reach
result
however
find
unnecessary
embrace
new
principle
law
wisconsin
evidently
search
probationer
home
probation
officer
satisfies
fourth
amendment
long
information
possessed
officer
satisfies
federal
reasonable
grounds
standard
sentence
commission
crime
griffin
committed
legal
custody
wisconsin
state
department
health
social
services
thereby
made
subject
department
rules
regulations
search
griffin
home
satisfied
demands
fourth
amendment
carried
pursuant
regulation
satisfies
fourth
amendment
reasonableness
requirement
principles
probationer
home
like
anyone
else
protected
fourth
amendment
requirement
searches
reasonable
although
usually
require
search
undertaken
pursuant
warrant
thus
supported
probable
cause
constitution
says
warrants
must
see
payton
new
york
permitted
exceptions
special
needs
beyond
normal
need
law
enforcement
make
warrant
requirement
impracticable
new
jersey
blackmun
concurring
judgment
thus
held
government
employers
supervisors
may
conduct
warrantless
searches
employees
desks
offices
without
probable
cause
ortega
school
officials
may
conduct
warrantless
searches
student
property
also
without
probable
cause
new
jersey
supra
also
held
similar
reasons
certain
circumstances
government
investigators
conducting
searches
pursuant
regulatory
scheme
need
adhere
usual
warrant
requirements
long
searches
meet
reasonable
legislative
administrative
standards
camara
municipal
see
new
york
burger
donovan
dewey
biswell
state
operation
probation
system
like
operation
school
government
office
prison
supervision
regulated
industry
likewise
presents
special
needs
beyond
normal
law
enforcement
may
justify
departures
usual
warrant
requirements
probation
like
incarceration
form
criminal
sanction
imposed
upon
offender
verdict
finding
plea
guilty
killinger
kerper
cromwell
probation
parole
criminal
justice
system
see
also
ed
supp
iii
probation
imposed
instead
imprisonment
stat
probation
simply
one
point
accurately
one
set
points
continuum
possible
punishments
ranging
solitary
confinement
facility
hours
mandatory
community
service
number
different
options
lie
extremes
including
confinement
facility
programs
halfway
houses
probation
less
confining
depending
upon
number
severity
restrictions
imposed
see
supp
iii
effective
probation
conditions
authorized
federal
system
include
requiring
probationers
avoid
commission
crimes
pursue
employment
avoid
certain
occupations
places
people
spend
evenings
weekends
prison
avoid
narcotics
excessive
use
alcohol
greater
lesser
degree
always
true
probationers
said
true
parolees
enjoy
absolute
liberty
every
citizen
entitled
conditional
liberty
properly
dependent
observance
special
probation
restrictions
morrissey
brewer
restrictions
meant
assure
probation
serves
period
genuine
rehabilitation
community
harmed
probationer
large
see
state
tarrell
goals
require
justify
exercise
supervision
assure
restrictions
fact
observed
recent
research
suggests
intensive
supervision
reduce
recidivism
see
petersilia
probation
felony
offenders
fed
probation
june
importance
supervision
grown
probation
become
increasingly
common
sentence
convicted
serious
crimes
see
supervision
special
need
state
permitting
degree
impingement
upon
privacy
constitutional
applied
public
large
permissible
degree
unlimited
however
next
turn
whether
exceeded
determining
whether
special
needs
probation
system
justify
wisconsin
search
regulation
must
take
regulation
interpreted
state
corrections
officials
state
courts
already
noted
wisconsin
ultimate
authority
issues
wisconsin
law
held
tip
police
detective
griffin
may
illegal
weapon
home
constituted
requisite
reasonable
grounds
see
whether
choose
interpret
similarly
worded
federal
regulation
fashion
bound
state
interpretation
relevant
constitutional
analysis
insofar
fixes
meaning
regulation
think
clear
special
needs
wisconsin
probation
system
make
warrant
requirement
impracticable
justify
replacement
standard
probable
cause
reasonable
grounds
defined
wisconsin
warrant
requirement
interfere
appreciable
degree
probation
system
setting
magistrate
rather
probation
officer
judge
close
supervision
probationer
requires
moreover
delay
inherent
obtaining
warrant
make
difficult
probation
officials
respond
quickly
evidence
misconduct
see
new
jersey
reduce
deterrent
effect
possibility
expeditious
searches
otherwise
create
see
new
york
burger
biswell
way
analogy
one
might
contemplate
parental
custodial
authority
impaired
requiring
judicial
approval
search
minor
child
room
side
equation
effect
dispensing
warrant
upon
probationer
although
probation
officer
impartial
magistrate
neither
police
officer
normally
conducts
searches
ordinary
citizen
employee
state
department
health
social
services
assuredly
charged
protecting
public
interest
also
supposed
mind
welfare
probationer
regulations
called
client
hss
applicable
regulations
require
example
rovid
individualized
counseling
designed
foster
growth
development
client
necessary
hss
onito
client
progress
services
provided
another
agency
evaluat
need
continuation
services
hss
setting
think
reasonable
dispense
warrant
requirement
justice
blackmun
dissent
retain
judicial
warrant
requirement
though
agreeing
subsequent
conclusion
reasonableness
search
require
probable
cause
however
combination
neither
text
constitution
prior
decisions
permits
possible
say
fourth
amendment
reasonableness
demands
probable
cause
without
judicial
warrant
reverse
runs
constitutional
provision
warrants
shall
issue
upon
probable
cause
amdt
constitution
prescribes
words
matter
nature
require
judicial
warrant
also
nature
require
probable
cause
although
arguably
come
permit
exception
prescription
administrative
search
warrants
may
necessarily
issued
courts
never
done
constitutionally
mandated
judicial
warrants
remains
true
search
warrant
constitutionally
required
requirement
flexibly
interpreted
dispense
rigorous
constitutional
restrictions
issue
frank
maryland
justice
blackmun
neither
gives
justification
departure
principle
considers
implications
body
fourth
amendment
law
think
probation
regime
also
unduly
disrupted
requirement
probable
cause
take
facts
present
case
unlikely
unauthenticated
tip
police
officer
bearing
far
record
shows
indication
whether
basis
firsthand
knowledge
whether
firsthand
source
reliable
merely
stating
griffin
might
guns
residence
certainly
meet
ordinary
requirement
probable
cause
different
ordinary
case
two
related
respects
first
even
requirement
warrant
requirement
reduce
deterrent
effect
supervisory
arrangement
probationer
assured
long
illegal
perhaps
socially
dangerous
activities
sufficiently
concealed
give
rise
reasonable
suspicion
go
undetected
uncorrected
second
difference
well
reflected
regulation
specifying
considered
deciding
whether
reasonable
grounds
believe
client
living
quarters
property
contain
contraband
hss
factors
include
usual
elements
police
officer
magistrate
consider
detail
consistency
information
suggesting
presence
contraband
reliability
motivation
dissemble
informant
hss
also
nformation
provided
client
relevant
whether
client
possesses
contraband
experience
staff
member
client
similar
circumstance
hss
true
ortega
new
jersey
deal
situation
ongoing
supervisory
relationship
one
least
entirely
adversarial
object
search
decisionmaker
circumstances
unrealistic
destructive
whole
object
continuing
probation
relationship
insist
upon
degree
demonstrable
reliability
particular
items
supporting
data
upon
degree
certainty
violation
required
contexts
cases
especially
involving
drugs
illegal
weapons
probation
agency
must
able
act
based
upon
lesser
degree
certainty
fourth
amendment
otherwise
require
order
intervene
probationer
damage
society
agency
moreover
must
able
proceed
basis
entire
experience
probationer
assess
probabilities
light
knowledge
life
character
circumstances
allow
adequate
play
factors
think
reasonable
permit
information
provided
police
officer
whether
basis
firsthand
knowledge
support
probationer
search
conclusion
suggested
fact
police
may
unwilling
disclose
confidential
sources
probation
personnel
reason
also
assumption
institution
probation
probationer
need
rehabilitation
likely
ordinary
citizen
violate
law
think
enough
information
provided
indicates
likelihood
might
guns
facts
justifying
search
search
griffin
residence
reasonable
within
meaning
fourth
amendment
conducted
pursuant
valid
regulation
governing
probationers
conclusion
makes
unnecessary
consider
whether
held
state
urges
search
probationer
home
probation
officer
lawful
reasonable
grounds
believe
contraband
present
foregoing
reasons
judgment
wisconsin
affirmed
footnotes
recently
held
prison
regulations
allegedly
infringing
constitutional
rights
constitutional
long
reasonably
related
legitimate
penological
interests
estate
shabazz
quoting
turner
safley
occasion
case
decide
whether
general
matter
test
applies
probation
regulations
well
regulation
question
established
standard
conduct
probationer
conform
pain
penalty
restriction
movements
state
constitutionally
adopt
unnatural
interpretation
language
regulation
fail
provide
adequate
notice
cf
kolender
lawson
lambert
california
issue
since
even
though
petitioner
violation
probation
conditions
subject
penalties
entails
failed
consent
search
regulation
authorized
see
hss
nothing
regulation
elsewhere
required
advised
time
request
search
probation
officer
reasonable
grounds
ordinary
citizen
notified
grounds
probable
cause
exigent
circumstances
searches
may
undertaken
administrative
search
context
formally
require
administrative
warrants
supported
probable
cause
context
use
term
referring
quantum
evidence
merely
requirement
reasonableness
see
marshall
barlow
camara
municipal
contexts
however
use
probable
cause
refer
quantum
evidence
belief
justifying
search
distinguished
lesser
quantum
reasonable
suspicion
see
ortega
plurality
new
jersey
plainly
sense
dissent
uses
term
see
post
less
probable
cause
means
reduced
level
suspicion
see
marshall
barlow
supra
hold
act
unconstitutional
insofar
purports
authorize
inspections
without
warrant
equivalent
neutral
magistrate
camara
supra
neutral
officer
marshall
barlow
supra
envisioned
administrative
search
cases
necessarily
neutral
judge
post
envisioned
dissent
irrelevant
whether
probation
authorities
relied
upon
peculiar
knowledge
possessed
petitioner
deciding
conduct
present
search
discussion
pertains
reasons
generally
supporting
proposition
search
decision
left
expertise
probation
authorities
rather
magistrate
supportable
lesser
quantum
concrete
evidence
justifying
suspicion
required
establish
probable
cause
reasons
may
obtain
particular
case
consequence
may
note
nonetheless
dissenters
error
assert
fact
probation
authorities
made
use
special
knowledge
present
case
post
know
certain
petitioner
probation
officer
reached
whether
material
contained
petitioner
probation
file
used
appear
dissenters
speculate
information
might
come
police
someone
impersonating
officer
post
trial
however
found
matter
fact
lew
received
tip
relied
police
officer
see
wisconsin
affirmed
finding
neither
petitioner
dissenters
assert
clearly
erroneous
dissenters
assert
search
comport
governing
wisconsin
regulations
reasonable
grounds
wisconsin
find
need
belabor
since
regulation
upon
rely
constitutional
decision
permits
warrantless
search
reasonable
grounds
wisconsin
found
requirement
reasonable
grounds
met
facts
case
discussed
earlier
hold
requirement
interpreted
meets
constitutional
minimum
standards
well
procedures
followed
although
establishing
reasonable
grounds
wisconsin
law
adequate
federal
constitutional
standards
may
violated
wisconsin
state
regulations
irrelevant
case
us
justice
blackmun
justice
marshall
joins
parts
justice
brennan
joins
part
justice
stevens
joins
dissenting
ruling
home
probationer
may
searched
probation
officer
without
warrant
today
takes
another
step
diminishes
protection
given
fourth
amendment
right
people
secure
persons
houses
papers
effects
unreasonable
searches
seizures
view
petitioner
probationary
status
provides
reason
abandon
warrant
requirement
probation
system
special
law
enforcement
needs
may
justify
search
probation
officer
basis
reasonable
suspicion
even
standard
met
case
need
supervision
probation
presents
one
exceptional
circumstances
special
needs
beyond
normal
need
law
enforcement
new
jersey
opinion
concurring
judgment
justify
application
balancing
test
examination
practicality
warrant
requirements
however
fails
recognize
threshold
determination
special
law
enforcement
needs
warrant
requirements
provide
normal
standard
reasonable
searches
nly
practical
realities
particular
situation
suggest
government
official
obtain
warrant
based
upon
probable
cause
without
sacrificing
ultimate
goals
search
contribute
turn
balancing
test
formulate
standard
reasonableness
context
ortega
dissenting
opinion
presence
special
law
enforcement
needs
justifies
resort
balancing
test
preordain
necessity
recognizing
exceptions
warrant
requirements
application
balancing
test
leads
conclude
special
law
enforcement
needs
justify
search
probation
agent
home
probationer
basis
reduced
level
suspicion
acknowledged
need
supervision
however
also
justify
exception
warrant
requirement
retain
means
protecting
probationer
privacy
moreover
necessity
neutral
check
provided
warrant
requirement
demonstrated
case
search
conducted
basis
information
begin
approach
level
reasonable
grounds
probation
officer
dealing
average
citizen
person
convicted
crime
presence
offender
community
creates
need
special
supervision
therefore
agree
probation
agent
must
latitude
observing
probationer
agent
carry
supervisory
responsibilities
effectively
recidivism
among
probationers
major
problem
supervision
one
means
combating
threat
see
ante
supervision
also
provides
crucial
means
advancing
rehabilitation
allowing
probation
agent
intervene
first
sign
trouble
one
important
aspect
supervision
monitoring
probationer
compliance
conditions
probation
order
ensure
compliance
conditions
probation
agent
may
need
search
probationer
home
check
violations
extensive
inquiry
may
required
gather
information
necessary
establish
probable
cause
violation
occurred
reasonable
grounds
standard
allows
probation
agent
avoid
delay
intervene
earlier
stage
suspicion
standard
thus
consistent
level
supervision
necessary
protect
public
aid
rehabilitation
time
properly
applied
standard
reasonable
suspicion
protect
probationer
unwarranted
intrusions
privacy
think
however
special
law
enforcement
needs
justify
modification
protection
afforded
probationer
privacy
warrant
requirement
search
case
conducted
petitioner
home
place
traditionally
regarded
center
person
private
life
bastion
one
legitimate
expectation
privacy
protected
fourth
amendment
see
silverman
core
fourth
amendment
stands
right
man
retreat
home
free
unreasonable
governmental
intrusion
consistently
held
warrantless
searches
seizures
home
violate
fourth
amendment
absent
consent
exigent
circumstances
see
karo
steagald
arrest
warrant
inadequate
search
home
third
party
payton
new
york
warrantless
arrest
suspect
home
unconstitutional
axiomatic
physical
entry
home
chief
evil
wording
fourth
amendment
directed
district
principal
protection
unnecessary
intrusions
private
dwellings
warrant
requirement
imposed
fourth
amendment
agents
government
seek
enter
home
purposes
search
arrest
surprising
therefore
recognized
basic
principle
fourth
amendment
law
searches
seizures
inside
home
without
warrant
presumptively
unreasonable
payton
new
york
welsh
wisconsin
citation
omitted
probationer
usually
lives
home
often
case
family
retains
legitimate
privacy
interest
home
must
respected
degree
incompatible
substantial
governmental
needs
new
jersey
acknowledged
fourth
amendment
issue
needs
resolved
way
ensure
privacy
interests
students
invaded
necessary
achieve
legitimate
end
preserving
order
schools
privacy
interests
probationers
protected
similar
standard
invaded
necessary
satisfy
probation
dual
goals
protecting
public
safety
encouraging
rehabilitation
probationer
search
case
result
ordinary
home
visit
petitioner
probation
agent
warrant
required
cf
wyman
james
search
pursuant
tip
ostensibly
police
purpose
uncovering
evidence
criminal
violation
nothing
status
probation
justifies
special
exception
warrant
requirement
circumstances
particular
case
compelling
need
search
home
probationer
without
delay
possible
search
conducted
immediately
established
exception
exigent
circumstances
need
create
separate
warrant
exception
probationers
existing
exception
provides
probation
agent
flexibility
agent
needs
circumstances
case
illustrate
fact
warrant
requirement
create
special
impediment
achievement
goals
probation
probation
supervisor
michael
lew
waited
wo
three
hours
receiving
telephone
tip
proceeded
petitioner
home
conduct
search
app
testified
waiting
return
petitioner
official
agent
attending
legal
proceeding
eventually
requested
another
probation
agent
initiate
search
lew
thus
plenty
time
obtain
search
warrant
police
investigated
report
gun
petitioner
residence
required
obtain
warrant
simply
compelling
reason
abandon
safeguards
provided
neutral
review
appears
hold
curious
assumption
probationer
benefit
dispensing
warrant
requirement
notes
probation
officer
normally
conduct
searches
police
officer
moreover
officer
supposed
mind
welfare
probationer
ante
implication
probation
agent
less
likely
initiate
inappropriate
search
officer
thus
less
need
neutral
review
even
data
support
notion
reduced
need
review
justify
complete
removal
warrant
requirement
furthermore
benefit
probationer
supposed
gain
probation
rehabilitation
fail
see
role
probation
agent
foster
ing
growth
development
client
quoting
admin
code
hss
enhanced
slightest
bit
ability
conduct
search
without
checks
provided
prior
neutral
review
anything
power
decide
search
prove
barrier
establishing
degree
trust
agent
client
also
justifies
exception
warrant
requirement
find
wisconsin
regulations
stressing
need
probation
agent
rather
judge
decide
closely
supervised
particular
probationer
see
ante
argument
mistakes
nature
search
issue
probation
agent
retains
discretion
terms
probationer
supervision
warrant
requirement
introduces
judge
magistrate
decision
search
evidence
criminal
violation
stake
justification
conclusion
warrant
requirement
interfere
probation
system
way
analogy
authority
possessed
parents
children
completely
unfounded
difference
two
situations
obvious
belabor
unlike
private
nature
parent
interaction
child
probation
system
governmental
operation
explicit
standards
experience
shown
neutral
judge
best
determine
standards
met
search
justified
case
provides
excellent
illustration
need
neutral
review
probation
officer
decision
conduct
search
obvious
search
justified
even
reduced
standard
reasonable
suspicion
concludes
search
petitioner
home
satisfied
requirements
fourth
amendment
carried
pursuant
regulation
satisfies
fourth
amendment
reasonableness
requirement
principles
ante
view
seems
single
regulation
requiring
reasonable
grounds
search
relevant
decision
ante
faced
patent
failure
probation
agents
comply
wisconsin
regulations
concludes
irrelevant
case
us
probation
agents
may
violated
wisconsin
state
regulations
ibid
regulations
happen
define
steps
necessary
ensure
reasonable
grounds
present
ignored
conclusion
existence
facial
requirement
reasonable
grounds
automatically
satisfies
constitutional
protection
search
reasonable
termed
tautological
content
standard
found
application
case
discern
application
standard
whatsoever
suspicion
case
based
unverified
tip
unknown
source
without
wisconsin
regulation
information
constitutionally
justify
search
lew
testified
recall
police
officer
called
information
gun
although
thought
probably
officer
pittner
app
officer
pittner
however
remember
making
telephone
call
record
reveals
call
placed
anyone
even
plausible
information
come
police
someone
impersonating
officer
even
assuming
police
officer
spoke
lew
little
demonstrate
reliability
information
received
unknown
officer
record
reveal
even
precise
content
tip
unknown
officer
actually
may
reported
petitioner
contraband
possession
merely
may
suggested
petitioner
may
guns
apartment
lew
testified
different
stages
proceedings
know
anything
ultimate
source
information
unknown
officer
belief
may
founded
hunch
rumor
informant
tip
without
knowing
basis
tip
impossible
form
conclusion
let
alone
reasonable
conclusion
reasonable
grounds
justify
search
lew
failed
completely
make
rudimentary
effort
confirm
information
received
evaluate
whether
reasonable
suspicion
justified
search
conspicuously
absent
attempt
comply
wisconsin
regulations
governed
content
reasonable
grounds
standard
admin
code
hss
observations
staff
member
considered
required
subsection
lew
consult
agent
personal
knowledge
petitioner
case
information
provided
informant
subsections
required
evaluation
reliability
information
relied
upon
reliability
informant
lew
proceeded
violation
basic
requirements
subsection
referred
information
provided
client
explanatory
notes
stated
client
talked
search
sometimes
elicit
information
helpful
determining
whether
search
made
requirement
ignored
considerations
support
finding
reasonable
grounds
conduct
search
indication
prior
seizures
contraband
petitioner
case
presented
special
need
verify
compliance
law
see
majority
acknowledges
unlikely
suspicion
case
met
normal
probable
cause
standard
ante
concludes
however
ordinary
case
need
supervision
continuing
relationship
probationer
probation
agency
ibid
view
continuing
relationship
regulations
mandated
consideration
factors
go
beyond
normally
considered
determining
probable
cause
include
information
provided
probationer
experience
staff
member
probationer
unless
agency
adheres
regulations
sophistic
rely
justification
conducting
search
lesser
degree
suspicion
lew
drew
special
knowledge
petitioner
deciding
search
house
contact
agent
familiar
petitioner
case
commencing
search
discussed
slightest
attempt
obtain
information
petitioner
case
continuing
relationship
petitioner
agency
supply
support
suspicion
reasonable
otherwise
justify
search
petitioner
home
ii
many
probationers
country
committed
crimes
range
widely
seriousness
determined
may
subjected
searches
absence
warrant
moreover
authorizing
searches
basis
reduced
level
suspicion
overlooks
feeble
justification
search
case
respectfully
dissent
need
deny
protection
provided
warrant
requirement
simply
search
justified
less
probable
cause
recognizes
administrative
warrants
issued
less
probable
cause
concludes
never
case
judicial
warrants
ante
conclusion
overlooks
fact
administrative
warrants
issued
judiciary
see
camara
municipal
questions
may
reviewed
neutral
magistrate
marshall
barlow
warrant
requirement
inspection
impose
serious
burdens
courts
warrant
provide
assurances
neutral
officer
inspection
reasonable
constitution
find
curious
however
reference
constitutional
standard
review
prison
regulations
neither
party
argued
applicable
case
plainly
justification
importing
automatically
probation
context
special
constitutional
standards
necessitated
essential
goals
maintaining
institutional
security
preserving
internal
order
discipline
inside
walls
prison
bell
wolfish
probationer
confinement
version
regulations
cited
provided
deciding
whether
reasonable
grounds
believe
client
possesses
contraband
client
living
quarters
property
contain
contraband
staff
member
consider
observations
staff
member
information
provided
informant
reliability
information
relied
evaluating
reliability
attention
given
whether
information
detailed
consistent
whether
corroborated
reliability
informant
evaluating
reliability
attention
given
whether
informant
supplied
reliable
information
past
whether
informant
reason
supply
inaccurate
information
activity
client
relates
whether
client
might
possess
contraband
information
provided
client
relevant
whether
client
possesses
contraband
experience
staff
member
client
similar
circumstance
prior
seizures
contraband
client
need
verify
compliance
rules
supervision
state
federal
law
admin
code
hss
justice
stevens
justice
marshall
joins
dissenting
mere
speculation
police
officer
probationer
may
contraband
possession
constitutionally
sufficient
basis
warrantless
nonconsensual
search
private
home
simply
understand
five
members
reach
contrary
conclusion
accordingly
respectfully
dissent