wong
sun
argued
october
decided
january
trial
federal
district
without
jury
petitioners
convicted
fraudulent
knowing
transportation
concealment
illegally
imported
heroin
violation
although
appeals
held
arrests
petitioners
without
warrants
illegal
based
probable
cause
within
meaning
fourth
amendment
reasonable
grounds
within
meaning
narcotics
control
act
affirmed
convictions
notwithstanding
admission
evidence
timely
objections
statements
made
orally
petitioner
toy
bedroom
time
arrest
heroin
surrendered
agents
third
party
result
statements
unsigned
statements
made
petitioner
several
days
arrest
lawfully
arraigned
released
recognizance
appeals
held
items
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illegal
arrests
therefore
properly
admitted
evidence
held
record
case
neither
reasonable
grounds
probable
cause
toy
arrest
since
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upon
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source
accept
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warrant
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fact
toy
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supposed
customer
door
early
morning
revealed
narcotics
agent
pp
record
case
statements
made
toy
bedroom
time
unlawful
arrest
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agents
unlawful
action
excluded
evidence
pp
narcotics
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third
party
result
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evidence
proofs
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statement
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toy
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statement
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evidence
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admission
toy
toy
conviction
must
set
aside
lack
competent
evidence
support
pp
view
fact
unlawful
arrest
petitioner
wong
sun
lawfully
arraigned
released
recognizance
returned
voluntarily
several
days
later
made
unsigned
statement
connection
unlawful
arrest
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statement
attenuated
unsigned
statement
fruit
unlawful
arrest
therefore
properly
admitted
evidence
seizure
narcotics
admitted
evidence
invaded
right
privacy
person
premises
entitle
wong
sun
object
use
trial
pp
references
wong
sun
codefendant
statement
incompetent
corroborate
wong
sun
admissions
wong
sun
entitled
new
trial
clear
record
whether
trial
relied
upon
codefendant
statement
source
corroboration
wong
sun
confession
pp
edward
bennett
williams
acting
appointment
reargued
cause
filed
supplemental
brief
petitioners
sol
abrams
also
filed
brief
petitioners
william
doolittle
reargued
cause
brief
solicitor
general
cox
assistant
attorney
general
miller
beatrice
rosenberg
bishop
justice
brennan
delivered
opinion
petitioners
tried
without
jury
district
northern
district
california
indictment
violation
federal
narcotics
laws
acquitted
first
count
charged
conspiracy
convicted
second
count
charged
substantive
offense
fraudulent
knowing
transportation
concealment
illegally
imported
heroin
appeals
ninth
circuit
one
judge
dissenting
affirmed
convictions
granted
certiorari
heard
argument
term
reargument
term
morning
june
federal
narcotics
agents
san
francisco
one
hom
way
surveillance
six
weeks
arrested
found
heroin
possession
hom
way
informant
stated
arrest
bought
ounce
heroin
night
one
known
blackie
toy
proprietor
laundry
leavenworth
street
morning
six
seven
federal
agents
went
laundry
leavenworth
street
sign
door
establishment
said
oye
laundry
operated
petitioner
james
wah
toy
however
nothing
record
identifies
james
wah
toy
blackie
toy
person
federal
officers
remained
nearby
sight
agent
alton
wong
chinese
ancestry
rang
bell
petitioner
toy
appeared
opened
door
agent
wong
told
calling
laundry
dry
cleaning
toy
replied
open
told
agent
come
back
time
toy
started
close
door
agent
wong
thereupon
took
badge
pocket
said
federal
narcotics
agent
toy
immediately
slammed
door
started
running
hallway
laundry
living
quarters
back
wife
child
sleeping
bedroom
agent
wong
federal
officers
broke
open
door
followed
toy
hallway
living
quarters
bedroom
toy
reached
nightstand
drawer
agent
wong
thereupon
drew
pistol
pulled
toy
hand
drawer
placed
arrest
handcuffed
nothing
drawer
search
premises
uncovered
narcotics
one
agents
said
toy
hom
way
says
got
narcotics
toy
responded
selling
narcotics
however
know
somebody
asked
toy
said
know
johnny
know
last
name
however
toy
described
house
eleventh
avenue
said
johnny
lived
also
described
bedroom
house
said
johnny
kept
piece
heroin
johnny
smoked
drug
night
agents
left
immediately
eleventh
avenue
located
house
entered
found
one
johnny
yee
bedroom
discussion
agents
yee
took
bureau
drawer
several
tubes
containing
less
one
ounce
heroin
surrendered
within
hour
yee
toy
taken
office
bureau
narcotics
yee
stated
heroin
brought
four
days
earlier
petitioner
toy
another
chinese
known
sea
dog
toy
questioned
identity
sea
dog
said
sea
dog
wong
sun
agents
including
agent
alton
wong
took
toy
wong
sun
neighborhood
toy
pointed
multifamily
dwelling
said
wong
sun
lived
agent
wong
rang
downstairs
door
bell
buzzer
sounded
opening
door
officer
identified
narcotics
agent
woman
landing
asked
mr
wong
woman
wife
petitioner
wong
sun
said
wong
sun
back
room
sleeping
alton
wong
six
officers
climbed
stairs
entered
apartment
one
officers
went
back
room
brought
petitioner
wong
sun
bedroom
handcuffs
thorough
search
apartment
followed
narcotics
discovered
petitioner
toy
johnny
yee
arraigned
commissioner
june
complaint
charging
violation
later
day
released
recognizance
petitioner
wong
sun
arraigned
similar
complaint
filed
next
day
also
released
recognizance
within
days
petitioners
yee
interrogated
office
narcotics
bureau
agent
william
wong
also
chinese
ancestry
agent
advised
three
right
withhold
information
might
used
stated
entitled
advice
counsel
though
appear
attorney
present
questioning
three
officer
also
explained
promises
offers
immunity
leniency
made
agent
interrogated
three
separately
interrogated
agent
prepared
statement
english
rough
notes
agent
read
petitioner
toy
statement
english
interpreted
certain
portions
chinese
toy
also
read
statement
english
aloud
agent
said
corrections
made
made
corrections
hand
toy
sign
statement
however
agent
words
wanted
know
first
persons
involved
case
signed
wong
sun
considerable
difficulty
understanding
statement
english
agent
restated
substance
chinese
wong
sun
refused
sign
statement
although
admitted
accuracy
contents
hom
way
testify
petitioners
trial
government
offered
johnny
yee
principal
witness
excused
invoked
privilege
flatly
repudiated
statement
given
agent
william
wong
statement
offered
evidence
testimony
elicited
identifying
either
petitioner
source
heroin
possession
otherwise
tending
support
charges
petitioners
statute
expressly
provides
proof
accused
possession
drug
support
conviction
statute
unless
accused
satisfactorily
explains
possession
government
evidence
tending
prove
petitioners
possession
petitioners
offered
exculpatory
testimony
consisted
four
items
trial
admitted
timely
objections
inadmissible
fruits
unlawful
arrests
attendant
searches
statements
made
orally
petitioner
toy
bedroom
time
arrest
heroin
surrendered
agents
johnny
yee
petitioner
toy
pretrial
unsigned
statement
petitioner
wong
sun
similar
statement
dispute
centered
around
correctness
rulings
trial
judge
allowing
items
evidence
appeals
held
arrests
petitioners
illegal
based
probable
cause
within
meaning
fourth
amendment
reasonable
grounds
within
meaning
narcotic
control
act
said
toy
arrest
showing
case
agent
knew
hom
way
reliable
furthermore
found
nothing
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occurring
toy
premises
provide
sufficient
justification
arrest
without
warrant
wong
sun
arrest
said
showing
johnnie
yee
reliable
informer
appeals
nevertheless
held
four
items
proof
fruits
illegal
arrests
therefore
properly
admitted
evidence
appeals
rejected
two
additional
contentions
petitioners
first
insufficient
evidence
corroborate
petitioners
unsigned
admissions
possession
narcotics
held
narcotics
evidence
surrendered
johnny
yee
together
toy
statements
bedroom
time
arrest
corroborated
petitioners
admissions
second
contention
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signed
appeals
held
point
petitioners
prejudiced
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significant
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two
petitioners
require
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case
petitioner
toy
appeals
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information
constitutes
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cause
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man
reasonable
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carroll
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history
use
infrequent
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power
arrest
cautions
relaxation
fundamental
requirements
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cause
leave
citizens
mercy
officers
whim
caprice
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whether
requirements
reliability
particularity
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stringent
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case
therefore
whether
officers
information
impelled
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warrant
arrest
toy
think
warrant
issued
evidence
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narcotics
agents
basis
experience
confidence
reliability
hom
way
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never
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information
yet
acted
upon
imprecise
suggestion
person
described
blackie
toy
proprietor
laundry
somewhere
leavenworth
street
sold
one
ounce
heroin
held
identification
suspect
reliable
informant
may
constitute
probable
cause
arrest
information
given
sufficiently
accurate
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officers
directly
suspect
draper
rule
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fit
case
aught
record
discloses
hom
way
accusation
merely
invited
officers
roam
length
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street
blocks
search
one
blackie
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whether
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means
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say
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name
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slightest
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made
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agents
information
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criminal
record
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consulted
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scope
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conceded
officers
made
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warrant
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arrest
simple
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information
officers
command
arrest
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issued
consistently
rules
federal
rules
criminal
procedure
giordenello
arrest
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serves
insure
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citizen
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toy
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way
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way
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consistent
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dissenting
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justice
clark
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post
appendix
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james
wah
toy
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june
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sometime
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may
year
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drive
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wednesday
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william
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full
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appendix
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commissioner
deputy
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remains
whether
sufficient
independent
evidence
corroborate
confession
evidence
prove
offense
beyond
reasonable
doubt
even
preponderance
smith
requirement
satisfied
corroboration
merely
fortifies
truth
confession
without
independently
establishing
crime
charged
ibid
see
also
opper
wong
sun
confession
stated
part
four
days
arrest
toy
delivered
ounce
heroin
yee
night
arrest
night
june
toy
smoked
heroin
yee
house
june
officers
found
yee
residence
quantities
heroin
totaling
less
one
ounce
light
evidence
unable
say
trial
appeals
erred
holding
wong
sun
confession
sufficiently
corroborated
reach
contrary
conclusion
corroboration
grants
wong
sun
new
trial
ground
trial
may
also
considered
contents
toy
statement
source
corroboration
point
raised
question
discussed
briefs
despite
goes
lengths
develop
chain
inferences
finding
prejudicial
error
might
plausible
case
tried
jury
cases
cited
indeed
find
case
presumption
error
applied
trial
judge
admits
heroin
found
johnny
yee
possession
might
sufficient
corroboration
reverses
excuse
judge
may
considered
toy
confession
well
see
reason
assumption
federal
judge
trier
fact
therefore
affirm
judgment
petitioners
one
officers
testified
trial
known
hom
way
six
weeks
response
question
whether
hom
way
reliable
informer
officer
replied
believe
yes
sir