west
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appellees
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free
society
convictions
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actions
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ultimate
reliance
unabated
temptations
fetter
human
spirit
footnotes
west
virginia
code
supp
public
private
parochial
denominational
schools
located
within
state
shall
given
regular
courses
instruction
history
civics
constitutions
state
west
virginia
purpose
teaching
fostering
perpetuating
ideals
principles
spirit
americanism
increasing
knowledge
organization
machinery
government
state
west
virginia
state
board
education
shall
advice
state
superintendent
schools
prescribe
courses
study
covering
subjects
public
elementary
grammar
schools
public
high
schools
state
normal
schools
shall
duty
officials
boards
authority
respective
private
parochial
denominational
schools
prescribe
courses
study
schools
control
supervision
similar
required
public
schools
text
follows
west
virginia
state
board
education
holds
highest
regard
rights
privileges
guaranteed
bill
rights
constitution
america
constitution
west
virginia
specifically
first
amendment
constitution
restated
fourteenth
amendment
document
guarantee
religious
freedom
article
iii
constitution
west
virginia
state
board
education
honors
broad
principle
one
convictions
ultimate
mystery
universe
man
relation
placed
beyond
reach
law
propagation
belief
protected
whether
church
chapel
mosque
synagogue
tabernacle
meeting
house
constitutions
state
west
virginia
assure
generous
immunity
individual
imposition
penalty
offending
course
religious
activities
religious
views
others
minority
dominant
government
west
virginia
state
board
education
recognizes
manifold
character
man
relations
may
bring
conception
religious
duty
conflict
secular
interests
fellowman
conscientious
scruples
course
long
struggle
religious
toleration
relieved
individual
obedience
general
law
aimed
promotion
restriction
religious
beliefs
mere
possession
convictions
contradict
relevant
concerns
political
society
relieve
citizen
discharge
political
responsibility
west
virginia
state
board
education
holds
national
unity
basis
national
security
flag
nation
symbol
national
unity
transcending
internal
differences
however
large
within
framework
constitution
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power
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sense
signifies
government
resting
consent
governed
liberty
regulated
law
protection
weak
strong
security
exercise
arbitrary
power
absolute
safety
free
institutions
foreign
aggression
west
virginia
state
board
education
maintains
public
schools
established
legislature
state
west
virginia
authority
constitution
state
west
virginia
supported
taxes
imposed
legally
constituted
measures
dealing
formative
period
development
citizenship
flag
allowable
portion
program
schools
thus
publicly
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resolved
west
virginia
board
education
hereby
recognize
order
commonly
accepted
salute
flag
right
hand
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upon
breast
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liberty
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public
schools
supported
whole
part
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funds
teachers
defined
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west
virginia
pupils
schools
shall
required
participate
salute
honoring
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represented
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refusal
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jehovah
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acknowledge
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obedience
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consistent
god
law
set
forth
bible
west
virginia
code
supp
child
dismissed
suspended
expelled
school
refusal
child
meet
legal
lawful
requirements
school
established
regulations
county
state
board
education
admission
child
school
shall
refused
requirements
regulations
complied
child
shall
treated
unlawfully
absent
school
time
refuses
comply
requirements
regulations
person
legal
actual
control
child
shall
liable
prosecution
provisions
article
absence
child
school
west
virginia
code
see
note
supra
west
virginia
code
judicial
code
see
authorities
cited
helvering
griffiths
page
note
decided
march
see
survey
study
american
history
conducted
new
york
times
results
published
issue
june
summarized
follows
per
cent
institutions
higher
learning
require
study
history
undergraduate
degree
eighteen
per
cent
colleges
universities
require
history
courses
degree
awarded
found
many
students
complete
four
years
college
without
taking
history
courses
dealing
country
per
cent
colleges
universities
require
history
admission
per
cent
require
result
survey
revealed
many
students
go
high
school
college
professional
graduate
institution
without
explored
courses
history
country
per
cent
total
undergraduate
body
enrolled
history
classes
spring
semester
ended
per
cent
freshman
class
took
courses
history
although
per
cent
enrolled
european
world
history
courses
resolution
board
education
adopt
flag
salute
claimed
educational
value
seems
concerned
promotion
national
unity
see
justification
considered
later
opinion
information
educational
aspect
called
attention
except
olander
children
knowledge
flag
salute
journal
educational
research
sets
forth
study
ability
large
representative
number
children
remember
state
meaning
flag
salute
recited
day
school
conclusion
revealed
rather
pathetic
picture
attempts
teach
children
words
meaning
flag
salute
early
christians
frequently
persecuted
refusal
participate
ceremonies
statue
emperor
symbol
imperial
authority
story
william
tell
sentence
shoot
apple
son
head
refusal
salute
bailiff
hat
ancient
one
encyclopedia
britannica
quakers
william
penn
included
suffered
punishment
rather
uncover
heads
deference
civil
authority
braithwaite
beginnings
quakerism
fox
quakers
courageous
example
use
rendered
distinguish
government
words
nation
intended
distinguish
open
old
bitter
controversies
political
history
justice
must
accepted
descriptive
present
order
rather
ideal
might
seem
overstatement
cushman
constitutional
law
american
political
science
review
observes
eloquence
majority
extol
ceremony
flag
saluting
free
expression
patriotism
turns
sour
used
describe
brutal
compulsion
requires
sensitive
conscientious
child
stultify
public
criticism
opinion
gobitis
case
persons
share
faith
witnesses
see
powell
conscience
constitution
democracy
national
unity
university
chicago
press
wilkinson
aspects
constitutional
guarantees
civil
liberty
fordham
law
review
fennell
religious
freedom
gobitis
case
retrospect
new
york
university
law
quarterly
review
green
liberty
fourteenth
amendment
washington
university
law
quarterly
international
juridical
association
bulletin
michigan
law
review
john
law
review
opinion
says
flagsalute
allowable
portion
school
program
invoke
conscientious
scruples
surely
debatable
us
insist
though
ceremony
may
required
exceptional
immunity
must
given
dissidents
maintain
basis
legislative
judgment
exemption
might
introduce
elements
difficulty
school
discipline
might
cast
doubts
minds
children
weaken
effect
exercise
italics
pages
page
elsewhere
question
consideration
stated
constitutional
guarantee
compel
exemption
society
thinks
necessary
promotion
great
common
end
penalty
conduct
appears
dangerous
general
good
italics
page
page
whether
school
children
like
gobitis
children
must
excused
conduct
required
children
promotion
national
cohesion
italics
page
page
house
joint
resolution
approved
december
stat
supp
prescribes
penalties
nonconformity
provides
pledge
allegiance
flag
pledge
allegiance
flag
america
republic
stands
one
nation
indivisible
liberty
justice
rendered
standing
right
hand
heart
however
civilians
always
show
full
respect
flag
pledge
given
merely
standing
attention
men
removing
headdress
selective
training
service
act
app
nation
may
raise
armies
compel
citizens
give
military
service
selective
draft
law
cases
arver
follows
course
subject
military
discipline
many
duties
may
claim
many
freedoms
hold
inviolable
civilian
life
see
jefferson
autobiography
vol
pp