richardson
ramirez
argued
january
decided
june
three
individual
respondents
convicted
felonies
completed
sentences
paroles
refused
registration
vote
three
different
california
counties
respectively
felony
convictions
brought
class
petition
behalf
similarly
situated
writ
mandate
california
naming
defendants
secretary
state
three
county
election
officials
denied
registration
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representatives
class
county
election
officials
state
challenging
constitutionality
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ground
inter
alia
provisions
california
constitution
implementing
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protection
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county
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action
told
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respondents
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prior
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date
writ
added
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defendants
instead
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defendant
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action
pending
state
appeal
holding
three
county
officials
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render
case
moot
california
went
hold
constitutional
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question
applied
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expired
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protection
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amendment
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view
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history
california
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moot
pp
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state
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indicates
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also
behalf
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class
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rendered
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members
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represented
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respondents
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state
still
continues
brockington
rhodes
distinguished
california
disenfranchising
convicted
felons
completed
sentences
paroles
violate
equal
protection
clause
pp
understanding
framers
fourteenth
amendment
reflected
express
language
amendment
exempts
sanction
reduced
congressional
representation
resulting
denial
citizens
right
vote
denial
right
participation
rebellion
crime
historical
judicial
interpretation
amendment
applicability
state
laws
disenfranchising
felons
controlling
significance
distinguishing
laws
state
limitations
franchise
held
invalid
equal
protection
clause
pp
section
fourteenth
amendment
contains
equal
protection
clause
dealing
voting
rights
meant
bar
outright
form
disenfranchisement
expressly
exempted
less
drastic
sanction
reduced
representation
imposed
forms
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even
made
part
amendment
largely
accident
political
exigency
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relation
bore
sections
amendment
respondents
contend
preclude
looking
guidance
interpreting
since
much
part
amendment
sections
became
part
amendment
less
important
says
means
rehnquist
delivered
opinion
burger
stewart
white
blackmun
powell
joined
douglas
filed
dissenting
statement
post
marshall
filed
dissenting
opinion
brennan
joined
part
douglas
joined
post
duncan
james
argued
cause
filed
briefs
petitioner
martin
glick
argued
cause
respondents
brief
gene
livingston
burton
fretz
daniel
hays
lowenstein
filed
brief
respondent
brown
secretary
state
california
evelle
younger
attorney
general
iver
skjeie
assistant
attorney
general
george
roth
deputy
attorney
general
filed
brief
state
california
amicus
curiae
urging
reversal
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
chesterfield
smith
daniel
skoler
american
bar
philip
goar
wirin
fred
okrand
american
civil
liberties
union
southern
california
justice
rehnquist
delivered
opinion
three
individual
respondents
case
convicted
felonies
completed
service
respective
sentences
paroles
filed
petition
writ
mandate
california
compel
california
county
election
officials
register
voters
claimed
behalf
others
similarly
situated
application
provisions
california
constitution
implementing
statutes
disenfranchised
persons
convicted
infamous
crime
denied
right
equal
protection
laws
federal
constitution
california
held
applied
whose
terms
incarceration
parole
expired
provisions
article
ii
article
xx
section
california
constitution
denying
right
suffrage
persons
convicted
crime
together
several
sections
elections
code
implementing
disqualification
violate
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
ramirez
brown
cal
granted
certiorari
article
xx
california
constitution
provided
since
adoption
aws
shall
made
exclude
voting
persons
convicted
bribery
perjury
forgery
malfeasance
office
high
crimes
time
respondents
refused
registration
former
art
ii
california
constitution
provided
part
alien
ineligible
citizenship
idiot
insane
person
person
convicted
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crime
person
hereafter
convicted
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
person
shall
able
read
constitution
english
language
write
name
shall
ever
exercise
privileges
elector
state
sections
california
elections
code
provide
affidavit
registration
shall
show
whether
affiant
convicted
felony
disqualifies
voting
sections
direct
county
clerk
cancel
registration
voters
convicted
infamous
crime
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
sections
permit
voter
qualifications
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ground
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felony
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public
money
california
provides
statute
restoration
right
vote
persons
convicted
crime
either
order
completion
probation
prison
term
served
executive
pardon
completion
rehabilitation
proceedings
california
also
provides
procedure
person
refused
registration
may
obtain
judicial
review
disqualification
individual
respondents
convicted
one
felonies
served
time
jail
prison
followed
successfully
terminated
parole
respondent
ramirez
convicted
texas
respondents
lee
gill
convicted
california
ramirez
applied
register
vote
san
luis
obispo
county
county
clerk
refused
allow
register
monterey
county
clerk
refused
registration
respondent
lee
stanislaus
county
registrar
voters
hereafter
also
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references
clerks
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registration
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gill
three
respondents
refused
registration
felony
convictions
may
respondents
filed
petition
writ
mandate
california
invoking
original
jurisdiction
named
defendants
three
election
officials
san
luis
obispo
monterey
stanislaus
counties
refused
allow
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individually
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class
county
clerks
registrars
voters
duty
determining
respective
counties
whether
denied
right
vote
petition
writ
mandate
challenged
constitutionality
respondents
exclusion
voting
rolls
two
grounds
first
contended
california
denial
franchise
class
longer
withstand
scrutiny
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
relying
recent
cases
respondents
argued
compelling
state
interest
must
found
justify
exclusion
class
franchise
california
assert
interest
respect
second
respondents
contended
application
challenged
california
constitutional
statutory
provisions
election
officials
state
counties
lacking
uniformity
deny
due
process
geographical
equal
protection
appended
report
respondent
california
secretary
state
questionnaires
returned
county
election
officials
based
report
concluded
wide
variation
county
election
officials
interpretation
challenged
voting
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california
upheld
first
contention
therefore
reach
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respondents
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challenge
california
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whether
decision
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three
county
clerks
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action
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representation
henceforth
permit
whose
terms
incarceration
parole
expired
register
vote
rendered
case
moot
decided
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officials
way
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election
officials
california
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might
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reside
undisputed
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among
residents
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ground
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posed
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broad
public
interest
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statewide
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election
laws
cal
addition
california
cases
cited
roe
wade
goosby
osser
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spirited
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even
though
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controversy
definite
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relations
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adverse
legal
interests
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life
insurance
haworth
reason
special
relationship
public
officials
state
last
resort
state
decision
california
left
standing
leaves
permanently
bound
conclusion
matter
federal
constitutional
law
cf
north
dakota
pharmacy
bd
snyder
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case
respects
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case
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election
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ogilvie
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moore
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assured
three
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named
plaintiffs
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respectively
california
counties
san
luis
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stanislaus
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clerks
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defendants
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action
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county
clerk
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luis
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california
representatives
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county
clerks
california
secretary
state
likewise
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california
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committee
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represented
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exercise
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put
upon
footing
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crimes
heinous
character
murderers
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public
securities
may
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crime
time
laws
laws
particular
state
included
within
basis
poor
black
man
unless
permitted
vote
represented
interest
government
former
proposition
corresponding
provision
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amendment
reported
committee
fifteen
passed
house
representatives
defeated
senate
might
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test
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power
congress
practical
purposes
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proposition
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representation
followed
disfranchisement
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follows
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white
black
unless
excluded
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crime
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mere
existence
state
constitutional
provisions
disenfranchising
felons
time
adoption
fourteenth
amendment
congressional
treatment
readmitted
union
following
civil
war
every
state
thus
readmitted
affirmative
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form
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act
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state
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citizens
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state
years
old
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condition
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said
state
one
year
previous
day
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law
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electors
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article
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become
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state
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representation
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state
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rule
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sort
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suffrage
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law
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last
session
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soon
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adopt
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second
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legislature
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state
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fourteen
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state
arkansas
entitled
admitted
representation
congress
one
union
upon
following
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condition
constitution
arkansas
shall
never
amended
changed
deprive
citizen
class
citizens
right
vote
entitled
vote
constitution
herein
recognized
except
punishment
crimes
felonies
common
law
whereof
shall
duly
convicted
laws
equally
applicable
inhabitants
said
state
provided
alteration
said
constitution
prospective
effect
may
made
regard
time
place
residence
voters
still
another
objection
condition
expressed
bill
exception
punishment
crime
bill
authorizes
men
deprived
right
vote
punishment
crimes
felonies
common
law
whereof
shall
duly
convicted
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fundamental
defect
requirement
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men
shall
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equally
applicable
inhabitants
state
easy
thing
state
make
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set
laws
applicable
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men
another
set
laws
applicable
colored
men
ibid
convincing
evidence
historical
understanding
fourteenth
amendment
confirmed
decisions
discussed
constitutionality
provisions
disenfranchising
felons
although
never
given
plenary
consideration
precise
question
whether
state
may
constitutionally
exclude
convicted
felons
franchise
indicated
approval
exclusions
number
occasions
two
cases
decided
toward
end
last
century
approved
exclusions
bigamists
polygamists
franchise
territorial
laws
utah
idaho
murphy
ramsey
davis
beason
much
recently
strongly
suggested
dicta
exclusion
convicted
felons
franchise
violates
constitutional
provision
lassiter
northampton
county
board
elections
upheld
north
carolina
imposition
literacy
requirement
voting
said
residence
requirements
age
previous
criminal
record
davis
beason
obvious
examples
indicating
factors
state
may
take
consideration
determining
qualifications
voters
despite
settled
historical
judicial
understanding
fourteenth
amendment
effect
state
laws
disenfranchising
convicted
felons
respondents
argue
recent
decisions
invalidating
restrictions
franchise
violative
equal
protection
clause
require
us
invalidate
disenfranchisement
felons
well
rely
cases
dunn
blumstein
bullock
carter
kramer
union
free
school
district
cipriano
city
houma
support
conclusions
california
state
must
show
compelling
state
interest
justify
exclusion
franchise
california
done
seen
however
exclusion
felons
vote
affirmative
sanction
fourteenth
amendment
sanction
present
case
restrictions
franchise
invalidated
cases
respondents
rely
hold
understanding
adopted
fourteenth
amendment
reflected
express
language
historical
judicial
interpretation
amendment
applicability
state
laws
disenfranchising
felons
controlling
significance
distinguishing
laws
state
limitations
franchise
held
invalid
equal
protection
clause
think
refusal
accept
justice
harlan
position
dissents
reynolds
sims
carrington
rash
part
amendment
dealing
voting
rights
dictates
opposite
result
need
go
nearly
far
justice
harlan
reach
conclusion
may
rest
demonstrably
sound
proposition
dealing
voting
rights
meant
bar
outright
form
disenfranchisement
expressly
exempted
less
drastic
sanction
reduced
representation
imposed
forms
disenfranchisement
accept
respondents
argument
made
part
amendment
largely
accident
political
exigency
rather
relation
bore
sections
amendment
must
look
guidance
interpreting
much
part
amendment
sections
became
part
amendment
less
important
says
means
pressed
upon
us
respondents
amici
curiae
contentions
notions
outmoded
modern
view
essential
process
rehabilitating
returned
role
society
fully
participating
citizen
completed
serving
term
means
discount
arguments
addressed
legislative
forum
may
properly
weigh
balance
advanced
support
california
present
constitutional
provisions
us
choose
one
set
values
respondents
correct
view
advocate
indeed
enlightened
sensible
one
presumably
people
state
california
ultimately
come
around
view
failure
evidence
least
fact
two
sides
argument
therefore
hold
california
erred
concluding
california
may
longer
consistent
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
exclude
franchise
convicted
felons
completed
sentences
paroles
california
reach
respondents
alternative
contention
total
lack
uniformity
county
election
officials
enforcement
challenged
state
laws
work
separate
denial
equal
protection
believe
opportunity
consider
claim
address
accordingly
reverse
remand
proceedings
inconsistent
opinion
ordered
footnotes
proposition
passed
november
general
election
repealed
former
art
ii
california
constitution
added
new
art
ii
legislature
shall
prohibit
improper
practices
affect
elections
shall
provide
severely
mentally
deficient
person
insane
person
person
convicted
infamous
crime
person
convicted
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
shall
exercise
privileges
elector
state
section
california
elections
code
provides
relevant
part
affidavit
registration
shall
show
affiant
disqualified
vote
reason
felony
conviction
section
california
elections
code
provides
county
clerk
shall
cancel
registration
following
cases
upon
production
certified
copy
subsisting
judgment
conviction
person
registered
infamous
crime
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
county
clerk
shall
first
week
september
year
examine
records
courts
jurisdiction
case
infamous
crimes
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
shall
cancel
affidavits
registration
voters
finally
convicted
infamous
crime
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
county
clerk
basis
records
courts
county
jurisdiction
offenses
shall
furnish
registrar
voters
county
registrar
voters
first
day
september
year
statement
showing
names
persons
convicted
infamous
crimes
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
year
prior
first
day
september
whose
convictions
become
final
registrar
voters
shall
first
week
september
year
cancel
affidavits
registration
persons
county
clerk
shall
certify
statement
seal
office
section
california
elections
code
supp
provides
person
offering
vote
may
orally
challenged
within
polling
place
member
precinct
board
upon
following
grounds
convicted
felony
day
election
person
member
precinct
board
official
responsible
conduct
election
shall
challenge
voter
question
concerning
qualifications
vote
challenge
ground
person
challenged
convicted
felony
convicted
embezzlement
misappropriation
public
money
shall
questioned
fact
may
proved
production
authenticated
copy
record
sworn
oral
testimony
two
witnesses
section
california
penal
code
supp
provides
case
defendant
fulfilled
conditions
probation
entire
period
probation
discharged
prior
termination
period
probation
case
discretion
interests
justice
determines
defendant
granted
relief
available
section
defendant
shall
time
termination
period
probation
serving
sentence
offense
probation
offense
charged
commission
offense
permitted
withdraw
plea
guilty
plea
nolo
contendere
enter
plea
guilty
convicted
plea
guilty
shall
set
aside
verdict
guilty
either
case
shall
thereupon
dismiss
accusations
information
defendant
shall
thereafter
released
penalties
disabilities
resulting
offense
convicted
probationer
shall
informed
right
privilege
probation
papers
section
california
penal
code
provides
person
convicted
felony
incarcerated
may
file
time
release
custody
notice
intention
apply
certificate
rehabilitation
pardon
provides
however
chapter
shall
apply
persons
convicted
misdemeanors
persons
served
time
county
jails
persons
serving
mandatory
life
parole
persons
committed
death
sentences
persons
military
service
hearing
finds
petitioner
demonstrated
course
conduct
rehabilitation
fitness
exercise
civil
political
rights
citizenship
shall
make
order
declaring
petitioner
rehabilitated
recommending
governor
grant
full
pardon
petitioner
order
shall
filed
clerk
shall
known
certificate
rehabilitation
certificate
shall
show
date
original
notice
intention
apply
certificate
filed
certified
copy
certificate
rehabilitation
transmitted
governor
shall
constitute
application
full
pardon
upon
receipt
governor
may
without
investigation
issue
pardon
person
named
therein
except
pursuant
section
article
vii
constitution
governor
shall
grant
pardon
person
twice
convicted
felony
except
upon
written
recommendation
majority
judges
whenever
person
granted
full
unconditional
pardon
governor
based
upon
certificate
rehabilitation
pardon
shall
entitle
person
exercise
thereafter
civil
political
rights
citizenship
including
limited
right
vote
section
california
elections
code
provides
county
clerk
refuses
register
qualified
elector
county
elector
may
proceed
action
superior
compel
registration
action
section
many
persons
may
join
plaintiffs
causes
action
respondent
ramirez
convicted
texas
felony
robbery
assault
served
three
months
jail
successfully
terminated
parole
february
san
luis
obispo
county
clerk
refused
allow
ramirez
register
vote
ground
convicted
felony
spent
time
incarceration
respondent
lee
convicted
felony
heroin
possession
california
served
two
years
prison
successfully
terminated
parole
march
monterey
county
clerk
refused
allow
lee
register
vote
sole
ground
convicted
felony
pardoned
governor
respondent
gill
convicted
burglary
california
forgery
served
time
prison
conviction
followed
successful
parole
april
stanislaus
county
registrar
voters
refused
allow
gill
register
vote
sole
ground
prior
felony
convictions
paragraph
vi
respondents
petition
mandamus
named
petitioners
bring
action
individually
behalf
persons
ineligible
register
vote
california
solely
reason
conviction
felony
election
code
felony
remainder
petition
makes
clear
class
restricted
california
treated
refer
named
defendants
action
california
even
though
actually
denominated
respondents
according
california
practice
refer
named
plaintiffs
even
though
actually
denominated
petitioners
convenience
reference
order
avoid
much
possible
confusion
reference
position
parties
california
position
parties
agree
lack
uniformity
result
differing
interpretations
california
decision
otsuka
hite
cal
defined
infamous
crime
used
california
constitutional
provisions
california
secretary
state
report
noted
ost
responding
counties
attempted
develop
consistent
criteria
determining
shall
entitled
register
counties
policies
formalized
writing
instances
method
used
report
concluded
although
policy
within
counties
may
consistent
fact
counties
adopted
different
policies
created
situation
lack
uniformity
across
state
appears
survey
person
convicted
almost
given
felony
find
eligible
vote
california
counties
ineligible
vote
others
order
remedy
lack
uniformity
authoritative
guidelines
either
legislature
courts
urgently
needed
brother
marshall
argues
dissent
since
california
issue
peremptory
writ
mandate
opinion
case
advisory
one
come
within
case
controversy
requirement
art
iii
constitution
also
contends
refusal
issue
peremptory
writ
must
rest
unarticulated
state
ground
concludes
bar
review
federal
constitutional
question
california
recently
noted
policy
avoiding
advisory
opinions
abstract
questions
law
william
cal
opinion
adverting
declaratory
use
habeas
corpus
number
cases
gonsalves
cal
support
determination
case
us
exercise
original
jurisdiction
appropriate
california
cited
young
gnoss
cal
exercised
original
mandamus
jurisdiction
conclude
durational
residence
requirements
voting
imposed
california
law
violated
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
saying
function
time
simply
declare
minimum
must
done
implement
dunn
blumstein
cal
refused
issue
peremptory
writ
mandate
case
saying
ince
reason
believe
parties
proceeding
accede
holdings
herein
purpose
served
issuing
writ
mandate
compel
compliance
respect
november
general
election
courts
appeals
barred
requirement
art
iii
issuing
advisory
opinions
nonetheless
declined
issue
peremptory
writs
district
judges
assumption
latter
abide
opinion
appeals
without
compulsion
writ
think
reliance
california
earlier
decision
recognizing
approving
use
original
jurisdiction
grant
declaratory
relief
well
reliance
precedent
original
mandamus
proceeding
reached
merits
declined
issue
peremptory
writ
question
mootness
supports
conclusion
judgment
case
practical
purposes
least
declaratory
judgment
well
settled
actual
acute
controversy
appeal
declaratory
judgment
state
presents
case
controversy
within
jurisdiction
nashville
wallace
indeed
conclusion
unnecessarily
permit
state
last
resort
quite
contrary
intention
congress
enacting
invalidate
state
legislation
federal
constitutional
grounds
without
possibility
state
officials
adversely
affected
decision
seeking
review
equally
unable
accept
view
dissenters
california
failure
issue
peremptory
writ
must
rest
resolution
unspecified
state
law
question
petitioner
mere
failure
state
award
peremptory
relief
proceeding
treats
one
declaratory
judgment
adequate
state
ground
precludes
review
federal
constitutional
holding
ala
art
cal
art
conn
art
del
art
fla
art
ga
art
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art
iowa
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wis
art
justice
marshall
justice
brennan
joins
dissenting
today
holds
state
may
strip
fully
paid
debt
society
fundamental
right
vote
without
running
afoul
fourteenth
amendment
result
view
based
unsound
historical
analysis
already
rejected
straining
reach
result
believe
also
disregarded
important
limitations
jurisdiction
reasons
respectfully
dissent
brief
retracing
procedural
history
case
necessary
full
understanding
views
respondents
plaintiffs
convicted
felony
unrelated
voting
fully
served
term
incarceration
parole
applied
register
vote
respective
county
ramirez
san
luis
obispo
county
lee
monterey
county
gill
stanislaus
county
three
refused
registration
applicable
provisions
california
constitution
person
convicted
infamous
crime
shall
ever
exercise
privileges
elector
three
named
plaintiffs
filed
petition
writ
mandate
california
invoking
original
jurisdiction
plaintiffs
challenged
state
disenfranchisement
violative
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
sought
issuance
peremptory
writ
mandate
compel
registration
complaint
labeled
suit
brought
individually
behalf
persons
ineligible
register
vote
california
solely
reason
conviction
felony
election
code
felony
fully
served
terms
incarceration
parole
complaint
named
defendants
election
officials
refused
register
individually
representatives
class
county
clerks
registrars
voters
duty
determining
respective
counties
whether
denied
right
vote
three
named
election
officials
contest
action
represented
state
permit
named
plaintiffs
similarly
situated
counties
register
vote
representative
secretary
state
california
also
named
defendant
similarly
agreed
contest
suit
point
litigation
named
plaintiffs
voluntarily
afforded
relief
seeking
election
officials
respective
counties
subsequently
petitioner
viola
richardson
county
clerk
mendocino
county
filed
motion
intervene
proceedings
california
indicated
sued
separate
action
lower
state
seeking
register
county
decision
case
dispositive
legal
issue
controversy
state
ordered
richardson
added
named
defendant
instant
action
name
suing
plaintiff
named
class
representative
herein
opinion
california
found
case
moot
took
opportunity
address
merits
fourteenth
amendment
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dunn
blumstein
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like
insects
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amber
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kramer
repeatedly
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equal
protection
clause
shackled
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theory
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lines
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historic
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process
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blumstein
supra
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cornman
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virginia
board
elections
carrington
rash
reynolds
sims
supra
determine
test
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blumstein
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secretary
state
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cf
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schneider
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person
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crime
bigamy
polygamy
intent
clear
withdraw
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influence
practically
hostile
goals
certain
criminal
laws
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supra
davis
supra
extent
murphy
davis
approve
doctrine
citizens
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ballot
box
vote
change
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criminal
law
decisions
surely
minimal
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value
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justify
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city
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communist
party
indiana
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cornman
residents
qualified
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right
equal
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state
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new
york
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provisions
legislatures
repealed
laws
congress
recently
provided
restoration
felons
voting
rights
end
sentence
parole
district
columbia
code
national
conference
uniform
state
laws
american
law
institute
national
probation
parole
association
national
advisory
commission
criminal
justice
standards
goals
president
commission
law
enforcement
administration
justice
california
league
women
voters
national
democratic
party
secretary
state
california
strongly
endorsed
full
suffrage
rights
former
felons
disenfranchisement
origin
fogs
fictions
feudal
jurisprudence
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forward
modern
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fully
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effect
literal
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sun
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bank
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general
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ante
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fourteenth
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fifteenth
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say
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direct
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rights
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accepts
premise
authorizes
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crime
challenged
california
provision
california
observed
require
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seduction
promise
marriage
conspiracy
operate
motor
vehicle
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muffler
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hite
cal
disenfranchisement
extends
convictions
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north
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examples
note
disenfranchisement
reassessment
stan
rev
even
jaywalking
traffic
conviction
conceivably
lead
disenfranchisement
since
differentiate
felonies
misdemeanors
memorandum
secretary
state
california
opposition
certiorari
class
county
clerks
registrars
voters
california
ramirez
ramirez
brown
cal
also
notes
disenfranchisement
received
support
dicta
recently
affirmed
without
opinion
decisions
two
district
courts
upholding
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provisions
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supp
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aff
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braterman
supp
sd
aff
per
curiam
dictum
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us
summary
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value
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jordan
see
frankfurter
landis
business
october
term
harv
rev
following
disenfranchise
former
felons
arkansas
ark
stat
ann
supp
colorado
colo
art
vii
rev
stat
ann
perm
cum
supp
florida
stat
ann
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hawaii
rev
stat
supp
illinois
rev
indiana
ind
ann
stat
kansas
stat
ann
supp
maine
rev
stat
tit
massachusetts
mass
laws
supp
except
election
code
offenders
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mich
art
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comp
laws
ann
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stat
nebraska
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rev
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rev
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hampshire
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ann
supp
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jersey
stat
ann
supp
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election
code
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rev
code
ann
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rev
stat
pennsylvania
pa
art
vii
stat
tit
tit
except
election
code
offenders
four
years
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dakota
comp
laws
ann
utah
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art
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except
convicted
treason
election
code
offenses
vermont
vt
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election
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offenders
washington
rev
code
ann
supp
west
virginia
op
atty
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art
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stat
ann
supp
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amended
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art
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codes
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supp
new
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amended
laws
allow
former
felons
whose
sentence
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parole
vote
election
law
supp
also
north
carolina
amended
laws
restore
civil
rights
including
franchise
former
felons
discharged
prison
parole
stat
supp
year
tennessee
legislature
amended
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statutes
see
code
ann
supp
new
york
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new
york
legislature
repealed
law
election
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supp
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beacham
braterman
supp
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aff
per
curiam
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florida
statutes
amended
provide
automatic
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rights
including
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upon
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sentence
release
parole
probation
stat
ann
national
conference
commissioners
uniform
state
laws
uniform
act
status
convicted
persons
american
law
institute
model
penal
code
proposed
official
draft
national
probation
parole
association
standard
probation
parole
act
national
advisory
commission
criminal
justice
standards
goals
corrections
standard
report
observed
loss
citizenship
rights
including
right
vote
inhibits
reformative
efforts
correction
reintegrate
offender
free
society
offender
must
retain
attributes
citizenship
addition
respect
law
legal
system
may
well
depend
measure
ability
participate
system
mandatory
denials
participation
serve
legitimate
public
interest
president
commission
law
enforcement
administration
justice
task
force
report
corrections
seems
justification
permanently
depriving
convicted
felons
vote
deprived
right
representation
democratic
society
important
symbol
moreover
rehabilitation
might
furthered
encouraging
convicted
persons
participate
society
exercising
vote
california
league
women
voters
policy
statement
national
democratic
party
party
platform
memorandum
secretary
state
california
opposition
certiorari
class
county
clerks
registrars
voters
california
ramirez