flast
cohen
argued
march
decided
june
appellant
taxpayers
allege
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funds
disbursed
appellee
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officials
elementary
secondary
education
act
finance
instruction
purchase
educational
materials
use
religious
sectarian
schools
violation
establishment
free
exercise
clauses
first
amendment
appellants
sought
declaration
expenditures
authorized
act
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requested
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mellon
appellants
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standing
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scheme
statute
complaint
alleged
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coupled
alternative
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pp
absolute
bar
art
iii
constitution
suits
federal
taxpayers
challenging
allegedly
unconstitutional
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taxing
spending
programs
since
taxpayers
may
may
requisite
personal
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must
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iii
requirements
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power
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amendment
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mellon
supra
distinguished
pp
leo
pfeffer
argued
cause
appellants
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david
ashe
ernest
fleischman
alan
levine
solicitor
general
griswold
argued
cause
appellees
brief
assistant
attorney
general
weisl
alan
rosenthal
robert
zener
sam
ervin
argued
cause
filed
brief
americans
public
schools
et
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
filed
melvin
sykes
sanford
jay
rosen
council
chief
state
school
officers
et
al
henry
clausen
americans
public
schools
norman
dorsen
charles
tuttle
national
council
churches
franklin
salisbury
protestants
americans
separation
church
state
arnold
forster
edwin
lukas
joseph
robison
paul
hartman
sol
rabkin
american
jewish
committee
et
al
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
albert
woll
laurence
gold
thomas
harris
american
federation
labor
congress
industrial
organizations
julius
berman
reuben
gross
national
jewish
commission
law
public
affairs
herbert
brownell
thomas
daly
william
mccurdy
spira
et
al
chief
justice
warren
delivered
opinion
frothingham
mellon
ruled
federal
taxpayer
without
standing
challenge
constitutionality
federal
statute
ruling
stood
years
impenetrable
barrier
suits
acts
congress
brought
individuals
assert
interest
federal
taxpayers
case
must
decide
whether
frothingham
barrier
lowered
taxpayer
attacks
federal
statute
ground
violates
establishment
free
exercise
clauses
first
amendment
appellants
filed
suit
district
southern
district
new
york
enjoin
allegedly
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funds
titles
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schools
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frothingham
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appellees
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florida
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allen
grand
central
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frothingham
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iii
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courts
countless
suits
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requires
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westminster
constitution
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coleman
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article
iii
see
muskrat
johnston
correspondence
public
papers
john
jay
correspondence
secretary
state
jefferson
chief
justice
jay
however
rule
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opinions
also
recognizes
suits
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pressed
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concurring
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ashwander
tennessee
valley
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justice
brandeis
listed
seven
rules
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governance
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questions
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cases
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source
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brandeis
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massachusetts
mellon
fairchild
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chicago
grand
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wellman
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