illinois
lafayette
argued
april
decided
june
respondent
arrested
disturbing
peace
taken
police
station
without
obtaining
warrant
process
booking
inventorying
possessions
police
removed
contents
shoulder
bag
respondent
carrying
found
amphetamine
pills
respondent
subsequently
charged
violating
illinois
controlled
substances
act
pretrial
hearing
trial
ordered
suppression
pills
illinois
appellate
affirmed
holding
shoulder
bag
search
constitute
valid
search
incident
lawful
arrest
valid
inventory
search
respondent
belongings
held
search
respondent
shoulder
bag
valid
inventory
search
pp
consistent
fourth
amendment
reasonable
police
search
personal
effects
person
lawful
arrest
part
routine
administrative
procedure
police
station
incident
booking
jailing
suspect
justification
searches
rest
probable
cause
hence
absence
warrant
immaterial
reasonableness
search
every
consideration
orderly
police
administration
protection
suspect
property
deterrence
false
claims
theft
police
security
identification
suspect
benefiting
police
public
points
toward
appropriateness
examination
respondent
shoulder
bag
pp
fact
protection
public
respondent
property
might
achieved
less
intrusive
means
render
search
unreasonable
even
less
intrusive
means
existed
unreasonable
expect
police
officers
everyday
course
business
make
fine
subtle
distinctions
deciding
containers
items
may
searched
must
sealed
without
examination
unit
pp
burger
delivered
opinion
white
blackmun
powell
rehnquist
stevens
joined
marshall
filed
opinion
concurring
judgment
brennan
joined
post
michael
ficaro
assistant
attorney
general
illinois
argued
cause
petitioner
briefs
neil
hartigan
attorney
general
tyrone
fahner
former
attorney
general
paul
biebel
first
assistant
attorney
general
steven
molo
assistant
attorney
general
peter
carusona
argued
cause
respondent
brief
robert
agostinelli
frank
ralph
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
filed
solicitor
general
lee
assistant
attorney
general
jensen
deputy
solicitor
general
frey
elliott
schulder
fred
inbau
wayne
schmidt
james
manak
howard
berringer
richard
brzeczek
david
crump
courtney
evans
daniel
hales
james
murphy
evelle
younger
chicago
police
department
et
al
quin
denvir
george
schraer
filed
brief
california
state
public
defender
amicus
curiae
urging
affirmance
chief
justice
burger
delivered
opinion
question
presented
whether
time
arrested
person
arrives
police
station
police
may
without
obtaining
warrant
search
shoulder
bag
carried
person
september
officer
maurice
mietzner
kankakee
city
police
arrived
town
cinema
kankakee
response
call
disturbance
found
respondent
involved
altercation
theater
manager
arrested
respondent
disturbing
peace
handcuffed
took
police
station
respondent
carried
shoulder
bag
trip
station
police
station
respondent
taken
booking
room
officer
mietzner
removed
handcuffs
respondent
ordered
empty
pockets
place
contents
counter
respondent
took
package
cigarettes
shoulder
bag
placed
bag
counter
mietzner
removed
contents
bag
found
amphetamine
pills
inside
plastic
wrap
cigarette
package
respondent
subsequently
charged
violating
illinois
controlled
substances
act
rev
ch
basis
controlled
substances
found
shoulder
bag
pretrial
suppression
hearing
held
state
argued
search
shoulder
bag
valid
inventory
search
south
dakota
opperman
officer
mietzner
testified
examined
bag
contents
standard
procedure
inventory
everything
possession
arrested
person
app
testified
seeking
expect
find
drugs
weapons
searched
bag
conceded
shoulder
bag
small
enough
placed
sealed
bag
container
locker
protective
purposes
hearing
ruling
state
submitted
brief
argued
first
time
search
valid
delayed
search
incident
arrest
thereafter
trial
ordered
suppression
amphetamine
pills
appeal
illinois
appellate
affirmed
app
dist
first
held
state
waived
argument
search
incident
valid
arrest
failing
raise
argument
suppression
hearing
however
went
discuss
reject
state
argument
ven
assuming
arguendo
state
waived
argument
stationhouse
search
shoulder
bag
constitute
valid
search
incident
lawful
arrest
state
also
held
search
valid
inventory
respondent
belongings
purported
distinguish
south
dakota
opperman
supra
basis
greater
privacy
interest
shoulder
bag
automobile
state
legitimate
interests
met
less
intrusive
manner
sealing
shoulder
bag
within
plastic
bag
box
placing
secured
locker
app
illinois
concluded
therefore
postponed
warrantless
search
respondent
shoulder
bag
neither
incident
lawful
arrest
valid
inventory
belongings
thus
violated
fourth
amendment
ii
question
whether
consistent
fourth
amendment
reasonable
police
search
personal
effects
person
lawful
arrest
part
routine
administrative
procedure
police
station
house
incident
booking
jailing
suspect
justification
searches
rest
probable
cause
hence
absence
warrant
immaterial
reasonableness
search
indeed
previously
established
inventory
search
constitutes
exception
warrant
requirement
see
south
dakota
opperman
supra
illinois
respondent
rely
chadwick
arkansas
sanders
former
noted
probable
cause
search
irrelevant
inventory
searches
went
state
salutary
functions
warrant
simply
application
context
constitutional
reasonableness
inventory
searches
must
determined
bases
order
see
inventory
search
proper
perspective
necessary
study
evolution
interests
along
continuum
arrest
incarceration
held
immediately
upon
arrest
officer
may
lawfully
search
person
arrestee
robinson
may
also
search
area
within
arrestee
immediate
control
chimel
california
explained
basis
doctrine
robinson
supra
said
police
officer
determination
search
person
suspect
arrested
necessarily
quick
ad
hoc
judgment
fourth
amendment
require
broken
instance
analysis
step
search
authority
search
person
incident
lawful
custodial
arrest
based
upon
need
disarm
discover
evidence
depend
may
later
decide
probability
particular
arrest
situation
weapons
evidence
fact
found
upon
person
suspect
custodial
arrest
suspect
based
probable
cause
reasonable
intrusion
fourth
amendment
intrusion
lawful
search
incident
arrest
requires
additional
justification
fact
lawful
arrest
establishes
authority
search
hold
case
lawful
custodial
arrest
full
search
person
exception
warrant
requirement
fourth
amendment
also
reasonable
search
amendment
emphasis
added
governmental
interests
underlying
search
arrestee
person
possessions
may
circumstances
even
greater
supporting
search
immediately
following
arrest
consequently
scope
search
often
vary
made
time
arrest
police
conduct
impractical
unreasonable
embarrassingly
intrusive
street
readily
privately
performed
station
example
interests
supporting
search
incident
arrest
hardly
justify
disrobing
arrestee
street
practical
necessities
routine
jail
administration
may
even
justify
taking
prisoner
clothes
confining
although
step
rare
made
clear
edwards
without
probable
cause
authorities
entitled
station
house
search
arrestee
clothing
also
take
keep
official
custody
station
house
entirely
proper
police
remove
list
inventory
property
found
person
possession
arrested
person
jailed
range
governmental
interests
supports
inventory
process
unheard
persons
employed
police
activities
steal
property
taken
arrested
persons
similarly
arrested
persons
known
make
false
claims
regarding
taken
possession
station
house
standardized
procedure
making
list
inventory
soon
reasonable
reaching
station
house
deters
false
claims
also
inhibits
theft
careless
handling
articles
taken
arrested
person
arrested
persons
also
known
injure
others
belts
knives
drugs
items
person
detained
dangerous
instrumentalities
razor
blades
bombs
weapons
concealed
articles
taken
arrestee
possession
bare
recital
mundane
realities
justifies
reasonable
measures
police
limit
risks
either
items
police
possession
time
returned
arrestee
upon
release
examining
items
removed
arrestee
person
possession
listing
inventorying
entirely
reasonable
administrative
procedure
immaterial
whether
police
actually
fear
particular
package
container
need
protect
risks
arises
independently
particular
officer
subjective
concerns
see
robinson
supra
finally
inspection
arrestee
personal
property
may
assist
police
ascertaining
verifying
identity
see
lafave
search
seizure
pp
short
every
consideration
orderly
police
administration
benefiting
police
public
points
toward
appropriateness
examination
respondent
shoulder
bag
prior
incarceration
prior
cases
amply
support
conclusion
south
dakota
opperman
upheld
search
contents
glove
compartment
abandoned
automobile
lawfully
impounded
police
held
search
reasonable
served
legitimate
governmental
interests
outweighed
individual
privacy
interests
contents
car
measures
protected
owner
property
custody
police
protected
police
possible
false
claims
theft
found
need
consider
existence
less
intrusive
means
protecting
police
property
custody
locking
car
impounding
safe
storage
guard
similarly
standardized
inventory
procedures
appropriate
serve
legitimate
governmental
interests
stake
illinois
held
search
respondent
shoulder
bag
unreasonable
preservation
defendant
property
protection
police
claims
lost
stolen
property
achieved
less
intrusive
manner
example
defendant
shoulder
bag
easily
secured
sealing
within
plastic
bag
box
placing
secured
locker
app
citation
omitted
perhaps
real
question
achieved
whether
fourth
amendment
requires
steps
function
write
manual
administering
routine
neutral
procedures
station
house
role
assure
violations
constitution
reasonableness
particular
governmental
activity
necessarily
invariably
turn
existence
alternative
less
intrusive
means
cady
dombrowski
example
upheld
search
trunk
car
find
revolver
suspected
rejected
contention
public
equally
well
protected
posting
guard
automobile
language
equally
applicable
case
held
fact
protection
public
might
abstract
accomplished
less
intrusive
means
render
search
unreasonable
see
also
hardly
position
police
departments
practical
administrative
method
best
deter
theft
false
claims
employees
preserve
security
station
house
evident
search
every
item
carried
person
lawfully
taken
custody
police
amply
serve
important
legitimate
governmental
interests
involved
even
less
intrusive
means
existed
protecting
particular
types
property
unreasonable
expect
police
officers
everyday
course
business
make
fine
subtle
distinctions
deciding
containers
items
may
searched
must
sealed
unit
recently
new
york
belton
stated
single
familiar
standard
essential
guide
police
officers
limited
time
expertise
reflect
balance
social
individual
interests
involved
specific
circumstances
confront
quoting
dunaway
new
york
see
also
ross
applying
principles
hold
unreasonable
police
part
routine
procedure
incident
incarcerating
arrested
person
search
container
article
possession
accordance
established
inventory
procedures
judgment
illinois
appellate
reversed
case
remanded
proceedings
inconsistent
opinion
ordered
footnotes
addressing
edwards
discuss
circumstances
strip
search
arrestee
may
may
appropriate
record
unclear
whether
respondent
incarcerated
booked
disturbing
peace
appropriate
inquiry
remand
justice
marshall
justice
brennan
joins
concurring
judgment
agree
police
need
warrant
probable
cause
conduct
inventory
search
prior
incarcerating
suspect
therefore
concur
judgment
practical
necessities
securing
persons
property
jailhouse
setting
justify
inventory
search
part
standard
procedure
incident
incarceration
different
case
presented
state
relied
solely
fact
arrest
justify
search
respondent
shoulder
bag
warrantless
search
incident
arrest
must
justified
need
remove
weapons
prevent
destruction
evidence
see
robinson
marshall
dissenting
chimel
california
rabinowitz
frankfurter
dissenting
officer
mietzner
fact
deem
necessary
search
bag
arrested
respondent
seriously
doubt
search
lawful
search
time
respondent
arrest
justified
need
prevent
destruction
evidence
evidence
fruits
offense
disturbing
peace
respondent
suspected
moreover
although
concern
weapons
might
justified
seizure
bag
concern
justified
step
searching
bag
following
seizure
cf
chadwick
brennan
concurring