foley
filardo
argued
december
decided
march
foley
filardo
robert
stern
washington
petitioners
chester
lessler
new
york
city
respondent
justice
reed
delivered
opinion
case
presents
question
whether
eight
hour
applies
contract
private
contractor
construction
work
foreign
country
act
provides
contract
made
party
shall
contain
provision
laborer
mechanic
part
work
contemplated
contract
employ
contractor
subcontractor
shall
required
permitted
work
eight
hours
one
calendar
day
upon
work
stat
penalties
specified
violations
prohibition
workdays
longer
eight
hours
modified
follows
provision
law
wages
every
laborer
mechanic
employed
contractor
subcontractor
engaged
performance
contract
character
specified
sections
title
shall
computed
basic
day
rate
eight
hours
per
day
work
excess
eight
hours
per
day
shall
permitted
upon
compensation
hours
worked
excess
eight
hours
per
day
less
one
times
basic
rate
pay
stat
petitioners
contracted
basis
build
certain
public
works
behalf
east
near
east
particularly
iraq
iran
petitioners
agreed
contract
abide
applicable
laws
regulations
ordinances
rules
america
provisions
eight
hour
law
specifically
included
contract
petitioners
hired
respondent
american
citizen
work
construction
projects
cook
week
contract
employment
contained
provision
concerning
hours
work
overtime
pursuant
contract
respondent
went
iraq
iran
frequently
worked
eight
hours
day
years
upon
refusal
request
overtime
pay
work
excess
eight
hours
per
day
brought
suit
petitioners
new
york
claiming
act
entitled
one
times
basic
rate
pay
work
denied
petitioners
motions
dismiss
case
directed
verdict
thereby
overruling
contention
act
apply
contracts
performed
foreign
countries
judgment
entered
jury
verdict
respondent
appellate
division
reversed
ground
eight
hour
law
amended
confer
right
action
employee
overtime
pay
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question
us
new
york
appeals
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holding
act
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contract
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language
statute
quoted
concluded
inclusive
reach
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exclude
contracts
government
jobs
abroad
granted
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settle
important
question
concerning
scope
eight
hour
law
since
question
one
statutory
interpretation
act
exists
starting
point
pertinent
part
provides
limitation
eight
hours
per
day
working
time
laborers
mechanics
employed
government
contractor
thereof
public
work
section
makes
unla
ful
require
permit
work
excess
eight
hours
per
day
except
extraordinary
emergencies
intentional
violation
mandate
made
misdemeanor
punishable
fine
imprisonment
insertion
contract
made
behalf
restriction
hours
work
required
contracts
must
stipulate
monetary
penalty
violation
penalty
takes
form
withholding
government
moneys
otherwise
due
contractor
terms
contract
finally
restriction
lifted
employees
private
contractors
supra
condition
hours
worked
excess
eight
paid
overtime
rate
question
us
power
congress
extend
eight
hour
law
work
performed
foreign
countries
petitioner
concedes
power
exists
cf
blackmer
bowman
question
rather
whether
congress
intended
make
law
applicable
work
conclude
reasons
expressed
intention
legislators
first
canon
construction
teaches
legislation
congress
unless
countrary
intent
appears
meant
apply
within
territorial
jurisdiction
blackmer
supra
page
valid
approach
whereby
unexpressed
congressional
intent
may
ascertained
based
assumption
congress
primarily
concerned
domestic
conditions
find
nothing
act
amended
legislative
history
lead
belief
congress
entertained
intention
normal
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case
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connell
held
specifically
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covered
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directed
fair
labor
standards
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et
applied
beyond
areas
sovereignty
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within
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labor
standards
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language
eight
hour
law
question
gives
indication
congressional
purpose
extend
coverage
beyond
places
sovereignty
measure
legislative
control
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brought
attention
indicating
granted
respective
sovereignties
authority
legislative
otherwise
labor
laws
customs
iran
iraq
territory
leave
without
transfer
property
rights
us
scheme
act
buttresses
conclusion
distinction
drawn
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laborers
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citizens
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read
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statute
forced
conclude
respondent
reasoning
congress
intended
regulate
working
hours
citizen
iran
chanced
employed
public
work
foreign
land
conclusion
logically
inescapable
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conditions
iran
known
wholly
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wholly
beyond
control
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intention
regulate
labor
conditions
primary
concern
foreign
country
attributed
congress
absence
clearly
expressed
purpose
see
attorney
general
stone
conclusion
effect
stated
law
apply
alien
laborers
engaged
altering
american
embassy
london
absence
dis
inction
citizen
alien
labor
indicates
us
statute
intended
apply
places
labor
conditions
citizen
alien
employees
probable
concern
congress
places
include
foreign
countries
iraq
iran
second
legislative
history
eight
hour
law
reveals
concern
domestic
labor
conditions
led
congress
limit
hours
work
genesis
present
statute
act
june
stat
apparently
aimed
unemployment
resulting
decreased
construction
government
navy
yards
congressional
globe
part
coverage
act
extended
employees
government
contractors
criminal
penalties
added
stat
considerations
congress
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unemployment
influx
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foreign
labor
need
improved
labor
conditions
country
sess
purpose
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legislation
remedy
defects
act
act
amended
stat
include
contract
italics
supplied
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word
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misinterpretation
according
act
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work
performed
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property
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contractors
nothing
legislative
history
supports
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respondent
contract
must
necessity
virtue
broadness
language
include
contracts
work
performed
foreign
countries
contrary
inference
must
drawn
think
amendment
extended
law
cover
persons
employed
perform
services
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laborers
mechanics
connection
dredging
rock
excavation
river
harbor
district
columbia
stat
held
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phrase
mechanics
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law
ellis
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district
columbia
amendment
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work
excess
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hours
per
day
upon
payment
overtime
stat
passed
without
discussion
indicative
geographical
scope
third
administrative
interpretations
eight
hour
law
various
phases
development
afford
touchstone
geographic
scope
determined
executive
order
december
note
cfr
issued
pursuant
act
suspended
law
laborers
mechanics
employed
directly
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atlantic
bases
leased
great
britain
suspension
indicated
sure
conclusion
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president
statute
applied
might
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bases
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may
well
predicated
premise
leases
provisio
discussed
decision
sufficiently
subject
control
eight
hour
law
apply
though
numerous
executive
orders
issued
suspend
operation
act
alaska
hawaii
midway
island
wake
island
able
find
attention
directed
orders
purporting
suspend
operation
countries
subject
legislative
control
order
deserves
weight
administrative
determination
act
applicability
localities
unquestionably
completely
beyond
direct
legislative
competence
true
attorney
general
moody
letter
secretary
war
expressed
opinion
eight
hour
law
applied
public
works
constructed
canal
zone
purpose
opinion
treated
canal
zone
foreign
territory
page
distinction
drawn
citizen
alien
laborers
accept
attorney
general
assumption
status
canal
zone
opinion
line
respondent
contention
law
applicable
work
performed
foreign
convention
proclaimed
february
much
although
attorney
general
granted
rights
flow
interpretation
zone
act
congress
regulate
et
seq
government
project
attorney
general
inclusion
every
government
works
advised
state
department
secretary
treasury
approved
workers
engaged
altering
american
embassy
london
since
statute
contains
distinction
laborers
based
citizenship
attorney
general
stone
reasoning
aliens
covered
points
conclusion
statute
apply
contracts
performed
foreign
countries
comptroller
general
expressed
agreement
conclusion
stating
eight
hour
law
june
intended
apply
contracts
necessarily
entered
behalf
foreign
countries
may
require
involve
employment
foreign
laborers
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performance
although
statute
expressly
requires
inclusion
every
government
contract
provision
secretary
treasury
approved
standard
form
construction
contracts
contains
provisions
provides
use
form
required
foreign
countries
standard
form
pp
inclusion
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also
required
war
department
procurement
regulation
par
contracts
subject
provisions
eight
hour
law
yet
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instant
contract
others
covering
operations
contain
eight
hour
law
clause
similarly
department
state
consider
legally
necessary
include
provisions
eight
hour
law
contracts
performed
foreign
countries
letter
november
signed
acting
legal
adviser
acting
secretary
state
attorney
general
conclude
administrative
interpretations
act
although
specifically
directed
precise
problem
us
tend
support
petitioners
contention
restricted
geographical
scope
since
decide
eight
hour
law
inapplicable
contract
construction
public
works
foreign
country
direct
legislative
control
unnecessary
decide
whether
law
either
directly
via
third
party
beneficiary
contract
route
gives
employee
covered
cause
action
employer
overtime
wages
reversed
justice
frankfurter
justice
jackson
joins
concurring
decision
connell
one
statutory
interpretation
feel
bound
still
open
rendered
term
felt
bound
obliged
dissent
case
confronted
statute
terms
covers
contract
made
party
stat
yet
construes
inapplicable
even
work
citizen
contract
corporation
domiciled
intention
regulate
labor
conditions
primary
concern
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country
attributed
congress
absence
clearly
expressed
purpose
conclusion
reliance
put
upon
opinion
attorney
general
stone
refused
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statute
applying
work
done
upon
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embassy
london
ground
enforcement
statutory
provision
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agreements
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contractors
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country
support
also
found
opinion
comptroller
general
reaches
similar
conclusion
basis
application
statute
might
easily
lead
serious
difficulties
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contracts
necessary
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countries
social
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conditions
customs
differ
widely
considerations
agree
properly
take
precedence
literal
language
eight
hour
law
guides
interpretation
see
american
security
trust
commissioners
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columbia
absence
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impose
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upon
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contracts
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scope
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general
moody
required
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contractors
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pects
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page
page
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readiness
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term
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spelar
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case
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statements
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two
attorneys
general
comptroller
general
required
specialized
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working
conditions
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knowledge
standard
contracts
approved
secretary
treasury
war
department
consistent
opinions
letter
state
department
says
merely
department
consider
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army
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appendix
department
labor
wage
hour
public
contracts
divisions
washington
december
honorable
phillip
perlman
solicitor
general
department
justice
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perlman
letter
dated
december
advise
intend
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