allen argued decided december justice brown delivered opinion writ error judgment circuit western district arkansas sentencing plaintiff error death murder philip henson white man cherokee nation indian territory defendant tried convicted upon conviction set aside sup tried convicted case reversed sup allen tried third time convicted writ error sued facts fully set forth previous reports case unnecessary repeat somewhat embarrassed consideration case voluminousness charge exceptions taken thereto well absence brief part plaintiff error principal assignments error set forth record noticed opinion third assignment error taken certain language charge material portion follows believe story narrated two erne boys testified witnesses true defendant went fence pistol went wire fence went wheat field philip henson met first hallooed placed pistol upon fence stopped boys went wire fence went struck first mouth left fist time undertook fire upon firing prevented action henson taking hold pistol went ground fired struck side fired struck back state facts authorize say killing done willfully say done malice aforethought state case true show wrongful act illegal act without cause excuse absence mitigating facts reduce grade crime learned judge stating connection theory prosecution facts stated ernes error saying jury bound liberty infer willfulness malice aforethought fourth assignment following language find deliberate intent kill see whether man intent mind year month day hour age improved weapons man discharge gun twinkling eye see man draw one weapons fire man toward presents falls dead deliberate intent kill manifested way act existence deliberate intent though may spring spur moment spring contemporaneous shooting man act one law claim manslaughter act fact done without cause excuse absence mitigating facts precisely definition characteristic murder known malice aforethought already told necessarily import special malevolence towards individual slain also includes case generally depraved wicked malicious spirit heart regardless social duty mind deliberately bent mischief imports premeditation malice says law intent mind heart substance instruction intent necessary constitute malice aforethought need existed particular time act killing may spring instant may inferred fact killing within authorities applied crime murder though crime classified proof deliberate premeditation necessary constitute murder first degree cornell mason fed cas people clark whart hom whart cr law ed sixth assignment following language law says power ascertain certain condition man mind best infer less satisfactorily acts person presumed intend man performs act known produce particular result common experience presumed anticipated result intended therefore right say law says homicide committed weapons indicating design necessary prove design existed definite period fatal blow fired fact blow struck fact fatal bullet fired right infer presumption fact blow intended prior striking although period time inappreciably distant nothing statement familiar proposition every man presumed intend natural probable consequences act greenl ev reg jones car reg hill car reg beard id people herrick wend eighth assignment taken following definition manslaughter killing man unlawfully willfully without malice aforethought malice aforethought defined must excluded wrongful act without cause excuse absence mitigating facts way show heart void social duty mind fatally bent upon mischief must case driven case crime must come statute must come definition crime manslaughter common law read defines way tells little broader terms kind conditions springs speaking voluntary manslaughter says willful unlawful killing another sudden quarrel heat passion let us see meant definition party killed time killing must offer provocation produce certain condition mind character provocation recognized law sufficient reduce grade crime murder manslaughter produce mere words mere words alone excuse even simple assault words offered time reduce grade killing murder manslaughter must deceased philip henson case party time character inflame mind party killing law contemplates act deliberately mind state passion heat passion incapable deliberating error instruction well settled authorities mere words however aggravating sufficient reduce crime murder manslaughter com york metc mass whart hom whart cr law ed ninth alleged error turned upon statement made circumstances killing justifiable mean defendant assaulted slight way kill man slight attack law law proportions well law necessity danger deadly character may produce great bodily harm exercise deadly attack attacked another way denote purpose take away life great bodily harm death permanent injury may follow case may lawfully kill assailant provided use means power otherwise save life prevent intended harm retreating far disabling without killing power act coming assailant must deadly act act produce great violence person proposition means act hurled created created necessity wrongful deadly dangerous conduct theatening life must act avoid consequences must avoid reasonably due regard safety clear establish case justifiable homicide must appear something ordinary assault made upon prisoner must also appear assault lead reasonable person believe life peril wallace sup anything instruction prisoner bound retreat far slaying assailant conflicts ruling beard sup case assault upon defendant upon premises held obligation retreat greater assailed house case alberty sup defendant found deceased trying obtain access wife chamber window nighttime held might repel attempt force obligation retreat deceased attacked knife general duty retreat instead killing attacked touched upon cases whart hom fourteenth assignment following language upon subject flight accused homicide consider conduct time killing conduct afterwards fled left country sought avoid arrest fact take consideration law says unless satisfactorily explained may explain upon theory say whether effort explain case unexplained law says fact may taken account party charged crime murder upon theory named upon existence monitor called conscience teaches us know whether right wrong given case case hickory sup question weight given flight evidence guilt arose charged jury law recognizes another proposition true wicked flee man pursueth innocent bold lion proposition recognized often mankind take axiom apply case held error tantamount saying jury flight created legal presumption guilt strong conclusive duty jury act axiomatic truth also case alberty sup used language added fact absconding jury might infer fact guilt flight silent admission defendant unwilling unable face case sense feeble strong case might confession also held error neither cases intimated flight accused circumstance proper laid jury tendency prove guilt several authorities quoted hickory case page page sup tending establish proposition indeed law entirely well settled flight accused competent evidence tendency establish guilt whart hom people pitcher substance instruction although accurate parts think misled jury fifteenth assignment exception taken following instruction understand first duty case reject evidence may find false evidence may find fabricated worthless purposely intentionally invoked defendant evidence basis presumption law says resorts perjury resorts subornation perjury accomplish end may take action basis presumption guilt certainly error instructing jury disregard evidence found false charge false testimony knowingly purposely invoked defendant might used another method stating principle fabrication testimony raises presumption party guilty practice phil ev state williams williams russ crimes ed sixteenth assignment refusal charge jury probability innocence reasonable doubt guilt case coffin sup held refusal charge jury upon subject presumption innocence met charge convict unless evidence showed guilt beyond reasonable doubt case consideration however already charged jury find defendant guilty unless satisfied testimony crime established beyond reasonable doubt meant party starts trial though accused grand jury crime murder crime presumption innocence favor stays driven case testimony driven case evidence shows beyond reasonable doubt crime charged committed crime committed whenever proof shows beyond reasonable doubt existence crime presumption innocence disappears case exists time driven way proof extent thus charged upon subject presumption innocence required repeat charge separate instruction request defendant seventeenth eighteenth assignments taken instructions given jury main charge delivered jury returned apparently instructions instructions quite lengthy substance large proportion cases absolute certainty expected although verdict must verdict individual juror mere acquiescence conclusion fellows yet examine question submitted candor proper regard deference opinions duty decide case conscientiously listen disposition convinced arguments much larger number conviction dissenting juror consider whether doubt reasonable one made impression upon minds many men equally honest equally intelligent unon hand majority acquittal minority ask whether might reasonably doubt correctness judgment concurred majority instructions taken literally charge criminal case approved massachusetts com tuey cush connecticut state smith undoubtedly verdict jury represent opinion individual juror means follows opinions may changed conference jury room object jury system secure unanimity comparison views arguments among jurors certainly law juror shoud listen deference arguments distrust judgment finds large majority jury taking different view case juror go jury room blind determination verdict shall represent opinion case moment close ears arguments men equally honest intelligent error instructions several assignments made unnecessary call attention reasons stated judgment affirmed