mempa rhay argued decided november together walkling washington state board prison terms paroles also certiorari petitioner pleaded guilty advice counsel offense joyriding placed probation two years imposition sentence deferred washington state law ground petitioner thereafter involved burglary prosecutor four months later moved petitioner probation revoked revocation hearing petitioner represented counsel asked previous counsel wanted counsel acknowledged involvement alleged burglary probation officer testified without according information petitioner involved burglary previously denied participation without questioning petitioner thereupon revoked probation accordance state law imposed maximum sentence years stated recommend parole board serve one year six years later petitioner sought writ habeas corpus state claiming denied right counsel proceeding probation revoked sentence imposed denied petition petitioner convicted second degree burglary following guilty plea entered advice retained counsel placed probation three years imposition sentence deferred year later arrested forgery grand larceny allegedly committed probation expiration week continuance probation revocation hearing granted enable petitioner retain counsel petitioner appeared without counsel informed retained attorney supposed present short wait proceeded hearing absence counsel without offering appoint counsel probation officer gave hearsay testimony petitioner committed acts forgery grand larceny whereupon revoked probation imposed maximum sentence years previous second degree burglary conviction year later petitioner filed habeas corpus petition state claiming denial right counsel combined probation revocation sentencing proceeding denied petition held sixth amendment applied due process clause fourteenth amendment requires counsel afforded felony defendant proceeding revocation probation imposition deferred sentencing pp time sentencing critical stage criminal case counsel presence necessary ensure conviction sentence based misinformation misreading records townsend burke gideon wainwright pp though state washington trial judge required time sentencing impose maximum term actual length term served determined parole board judge prosecutor required recommend length time served supply board information crime defendant marshaling facts connection functions requires aid counsel services counsel deferred sentencing stage necessary ensure certain rights appeal seasonably asserted afford defendant substantial assistance may necessary various situations stage pp evan schwab appointment argued cause filed brief petitioners cases stephen way assistant attorney general washington argued cause respondents cases brief john attorney general joined macdonald gallion alabama arthur bolton georgia allan shepard idaho james erwin maine helgi johanneson north dakota attorneys general respective robert button attorney general virginia reno harp iii assistant attorney general amici curiae patrick hughes filed brief national legal aid defender association amicus curiae urging reversal earl faircloth attorney general florida wallace allbritton assistant attorney general filed brief state florida amicus curiae joined supported allan shepard attorney general idaho justice marshall delivered opinion consolidated cases raise question extent right counsel time sentencing sentencing deferred subject probation petitioner jerry douglas mempa convicted spokane county superior june offense joyriding rev code conviction based plea guilty entered advice counsel placed probation two years condition inter alia first spend days county jail imposition sentence deferred pursuant rev code four months later spokane county prosecuting attorney moved petitioner probation revoked ground involved burglary september hearing held spokane county superior october petitioner mempa years old time accompanied hearing stepfather represented counsel asked whether wished counsel appointed inquiry made concerning appointed counsel previously represented hearing mempa asked true involved alleged burglary answered affirmative probation officer testified without according information petitioner involved burglary previously denied participation without asking petitioner anything say evidence supply immediately entered order revoking petitioner probation sentenced years penitentiary stated recommend parole board mempa required serve year mempa filed pro se petition writ habeas corpus washington claiming deprived right counsel proceeding probation revoked sentence imposed washington denied petition june vote six three mempa rhay granted certiorari consider questions raised petitioner william earl walkling convicted thurston county superior october burglary second degree basis plea guilty entered advice retained counsel placed probation three years imposition sentence deferred conditions probation required serve days county jail make restitution may bench warrant arrest issued based report violated terms probation left state february walkling arrested charged forgery grand larceny transferred back thurston county brought may hearing petition prosecuting attorney revoke probation petitioner requested continuance enable retain counsel granted week may hearing called walkling appeared without lawyer informed retained attorney supposed present waiting minutes went ahead hearing absence petitioner counsel offered appointed counsel counsel appointed requested whether made request appear record hearing probation officer presented hearsay testimony effect petitioner committed acts alleged separate counts forgery separate counts grand larceny charged petitioner previously time arrest thereupon revoked probation imposed maximum sentence years walkling prior second degree burglary conviction failure state keep record proceeding nothing known whether walkling advised right appeal however take appeal may walkling filed habeas corpus petition washington claiming denial right counsel combined probation revocation sentencing proceeding petition denied authority prior decision mempa rhay supra granted certiorari cases consolidated argument held townsend burke absence counsel sentencing plea guilty coupled assumptions concerning criminal record materially untrue deprived defendant case due process justice jackson stated conclusion case counsel might changed sentence taken steps see conviction sentence predicated misinformation misreading records requirement fair play absence counsel withheld prisoner moore michigan denial due process found defendant intelligently understandingly waive counsel entering plea guilty emphasized prejudice stemming absence counsel hearing degree crime following entry guilty plea stated right counsel right confined representation trial merits hamilton alabama held failure appoint counsel arraignment deprived petitioner due process notwithstanding fact simply pleaded guilty time alabama law certain defenses raised abandoned see also reece georgia white maryland foregoing cases exception white decided reign betts brady accordingly relied various special circumstances make right counsel applicable gideon wainwright however betts overruled held sixth amendment applied due process clause fourteenth amendment applicable accordingly absolute right appointment counsel felony cases occasion gideon enumerate various stages criminal proceeding counsel required townsend moore hamilton betts requirement special circumstances stripped away gideon clearly stand proposition appointment counsel indigent required every stage criminal proceeding substantial rights criminal accused may affected particular townsend burke supra illustrates critical nature sentencing criminal case might well considered support holding right counsel applies sentencing many lower courts concluded sixth amendment right counsel extends sentencing federal cases state however argues petitioners sentenced time originally placed probation imposition sentence following probation revocation effect mere formality constituting part probation revocation proceeding true sentencing washington offers fewer opportunities exercise judicial discretion many jurisdictions applicable statute requires trial judge cases sentence convicted person maximum term provided law offense convicted rev code actual determination length time served made board prison terms paroles within six months convicted person admitted prison rev code hand sentencing judge required statute together prosecutor furnish board recommendation length time person serve addition supplying various information circumstances crime character individual rev code informed oral argument board places considerable weight recommendations although way bound obviously extent recommendations influential determining resulting sentence necessity aid counsel marshaling facts introducing evidence mitigating circumstances general aiding assisting defendant present case sentence apparent even important case fact certain legal rights may lost exercised stage one washington law provides appeal case involving plea guilty followed probation taken sentence imposed following revocation probation state farmer therefore case accused agreed plead guilty although valid defense offered probation absence counsel imposition deferred sentence might well result loss right appeal ordinarily appeals plea guilty less frequent following trial merits incidence improperly obtained guilty pleas slight capable characterized de minimis see ex rel elksnis gilligan supp cf machibroda likewise washington statutes provide plea guilty withdrawn time prior imposition sentence rev code state farmer supra trial judge discretion finds ends justice served state shannon without undertaking catalog various situations lawyer substantial assistance defendant case reiterated plea guilty might well improperly obtained promise defendant placed probation revocation furnishes occasion desiring withdraw plea uncounseled defendant might likely unaware opportunity two foregoing factors assume increased significance considered happened two cases eventual imposition sentence prior plea guilty based alleged commission offenses accused never tried sum question authority state washington provide deferred sentencing procedure coupled probation provisions indeed appears enlightened step forward decide lawyer must afforded proceeding whether labeled revocation probation deferred sentencing assume counsel appointed purpose trial guilty plea unduly burdened requested follow deferred sentencing stage proceeding judgments reversed cases remanded proceedings inconsistent opinion reversed remanded footnotes washington procedure trial judge required statute impose maximum sentence provided law offense rev code also required along prosecuting attorney make recommendation parole board time defendant serve accompanied statement facts concerning crime information defendant deemed relevant rev code however parole board actually determines time served rev code see infra see kadish advocate expert counsel process rev martin cir mckinney app nunley cir state proctor modified farmer rule permit appeal following placement probation cases involving contested trial imposition jail term fine condition probation see generally newman conviction determination guilt innocence without trial enker perspectives plea bargaining president commission law enforcement administration justice task force report courts