glue town oak creek argued march decided june george lines willet spooner louis quarles milwaukee plaintiff error killilea walter drew milwaukee defendant error justice pitney delivered opinion judgment brought writ error entered circuit milwaukee county upon mandate state wisconsin issued reversal previous judgment circuit action brought plaintiff error recover sum paid protest part tax assessed levied taxing authorities state upon plaintiff income year chapter wisconsin laws overruled plaintiff contention portion tax controversy imposed upon income derived plaintiff interstate commerce amounted burden upon commerce contravening commerce clause section article constitution ann cas sole question presented consideration act passed authority amendment state constitution income tax cases imposes tax upon incomes received year ending december annually thereafter defines term including rent real estate interest derived money loaned invested notes mortgages bonds evidences debt wages salaries like dividends profits derived stock purchase sale property acquired within three years previous business whatever royalties derived possession use franchises legalized privileges income derived source except exempted provision person engaged business within without state shall respect income derived rentals stocks bonds securities evidences indebtedness taxed upon proportion income derived business transacted property located within state determined particular manner specified section far applicable corporations allowed make certain deductions gross income including amounts paid personal services officers employes ordinary expenses paid income maintenance operation business property including reasonable allowance depreciation losses compensated insurance otherwise taxes etc need mentioned beyond saying intent necessary effect act tax gross receipts net income stipulated facts appears tax question imposed upon plaintiff net income accord construction act adopted state cases state ex rel manitowoc gas wisconsin tax commission glue oak creek present case ann cas state ex rel bundy nygaard order determine part income corporation engaged business within without state derived rentals stocks bonds securities etc taxed derived business transacted property located within state reference formula prescribed another statute section subsec par wisconsin stats apportioning capital stock foreign corporations gross business dollars corporation state added value dollars property state made numerator fraction denominator consists total gross business dollars corporation within wit state added value dollars property within without state resulting fraction taken income tax law representing proportion income deemed derived business transacted property located within state formula applied apportioning plaintiff net income year upon portion thus attributed state plus income rentals stocks bonds tax question levied plaintiff corporation organized laws state wisconsin principal office place business town oak creek conducted extensive manufacturing plant selling products throughout state foreign countries net income year exclusive derived rentals stocks bonds making deductions allowed act amounted derived following sources goods sold customers within state delivered factory goods sold customers outside state delivered factory goods sold customers outside state sales made goods shipped plaintiff branches goods manufactured plaintiff factory shipped sale said branches goods sold customers outside state sales made goods shipped plaintiff branches without state goods purchased plaintiff outside state shipped plaintiff factory state thence shipped sale factory branches goods sold outside state sales made goods shipped said branches goods purchased plaintiff outside state shipped points purchase branches without coming state wisconsin contention made taxability income designated item plaintiff contention items taxable derived property located business transacted within state upheld state courts thus controversy narrowed contention overruled items taxable derived interstate commerce stated concisely question whether state levying general income tax upon gains profits domestic corporation may include computation net income derived transactions interstate commerce without contravening commerce clause constitution settled state may directly burden interstate commerce either taxation otherwise tax indirectly affects profits returns commerce within rule thus declared postal tel cable adams sup ed settled way duties laid transportation subjects interstate commerce receipts derived therefrom occupation business carrying tax levied state interstate commerce taxation amounts regulation commerce sustained property state belonging corporation whether foreign domestic engaged foreign interstate commerce may taxed tax may imposed corporation account property within state may take form tax privilege exercising franchises within state ascertainment amount made dependent fact value property situated within state exaction therefore susceptible exceeding sum whic might leviable directly thereon payment made condition precedent right carry business enforcement left ordinary means devised collection taxes atlantic tel philadelphia sup upon review numerous previous cases laid certain propositions established among immunity individual corporation engaged interstate commerce state regulation prevent state imposing ordinary property taxes upon property situs within territory employed interstate commerce franchise corporation although franchise business interstate commerce part property subject state taxation provided least franchise derived see also louis railway arkansas sup yet obvious taxes imposed upon property franchises employed interstate commerce must paid net returns commerce diminish sense diminished tax imposed upon net returns distinction direct indirect burdens particular reference comparison tax upon gross returns carriers interstate commerce general income tax imposed upon inhabitants incidentally affecting carriers engaged commerce subject consideration phila steamship pennsylvania sup ed justice bradley said corporate franchises property business income corporations created state may undoubtedly taxed state imposing taxes care taken interfere hamper directly indirection interstate foreign commerce matter exclusively within jurisdiction federal government many previous cases referred correct line distinction well illustrated two cases decided present term hardly need go crew levick pennsylvania sup ed held state tax upon business selling goods foreign commerce measured certain percentage gross transactions commerce necessary effect tax upon commerce time duty upon exports contrary sections article constitution since operated lay direct burden upon every transaction withholding use state part every dollar received hand peck lowe collector sup ed decided may last held income tax act october stat carried effect imposing assessment upon entire net income corporation approximately threefourths derived export goods foreign countries amount laying tax duty articles exported within meaning article cl constitution distinction direct indirect burden way tax duty developed shown income tax laid generally net incomes income exportation source way discrimination laid income affecting net receipts exportation expenses paid losses adjusted recipient income free use chose indirect burden difference effect tax measured gross receipts one measured net income recognized decisions manifest substantial affords convenient wo kable basis distinction direct immediate burden upon business affected charge indirect dental tax upon gross receipts affects transaction proportion magnitude irrespective whether profitable otherwise conceivably may sufficient make difference profit loss diminish profit impede discourage conduct commerce tax upon net profits deterrent effect since arise unless gain shown expenses losses tax heavy unless profits large tax imposed upon net incomes whatever source arising method distributing cost government like tax upon property upon franchises treated property discrimination interstate commerce either admeasurement tax means adopted enforcing constitutes one ordinary general burdens government persons corporations otherwise subject jurisdiction exempted federal constitution happen engaged commerce among hold wisconsin income tax law applied plaintiff case us deemed direct burden upon plaintiff interstate business amount unconstitutional interference regulation commerce among measured gross receipts net proceeds part plaintiff business along like imposition upon income derived sources way corporations business within state taxed upon proportion income derived business transacted property located within state whatever nature business judgment affirmed chief justice white concurs result