cox
louisiana
argued
october
decided
january
appellant
leader
civil
rights
demonstration
baton
rouge
louisiana
negro
students
protesting
segregation
arrest
imprisonment
previous
day
negro
students
participated
protest
racial
segregation
group
assembled
blocks
courthouse
appellant
identified
officers
group
leader
explained
purpose
demonstration
following
refusal
disband
group
appellant
led
orderly
march
toward
courthouse
vicinity
courthouse
officers
stopped
appellant
explaining
purpose
program
demonstration
told
police
chief
hold
meeting
long
confined
west
side
street
appellant
directed
group
west
sidewalk
across
street
courthouse
feet
steps
group
standing
five
feet
deep
occupying
almost
entire
block
obstructing
street
displayed
signs
sang
songs
evoked
response
students
courthouse
jail
appellant
addressed
group
sheriff
construing
inflammatory
appellant
concluding
exhortation
students
sit
uptown
lunch
counters
ordered
dispersal
group
directly
forthcoming
effected
tear
gas
appellant
arrested
next
day
convicted
peace
disturbance
obstructing
public
passages
courthouse
picketing
louisiana
affirmed
convictions
two
peace
disturbance
obstructing
public
passages
involved
case
third
courthouse
picketing
involved
post
held
arresting
convicting
appellant
circumstances
disclosed
record
louisiana
deprived
rights
free
speech
free
assembly
violation
first
fourteenth
amendments
edwards
south
carolina
fields
south
carolina
followed
pp
breach
peace
statute
unconstitutionally
vague
overly
broad
scope
louisiana
defined
breach
peace
agitate
arouse
state
repose
molest
interrupt
hinder
disquiet
yet
one
functions
free
speech
invite
dispute
terminiello
chicago
stromberg
california
followed
pp
practice
baton
rouge
allowing
local
officials
unfettered
discretion
regulating
use
streets
peaceful
parades
meetings
notwithstanding
prohibitions
contained
statute
obstructing
public
passages
abridged
appellant
freedom
speech
assembly
violation
first
fourteenth
amendments
pp
louisiana
construed
obstructing
public
passages
statute
applying
public
assemblies
specific
purpose
obstructing
traffic
state
right
impose
nondiscriminatory
restrictions
travel
city
streets
rights
free
speech
assembly
mean
everyone
may
address
group
public
place
time
pp
communication
ideas
picketing
marching
streets
afforded
kind
protection
first
fourteenth
amendments
pure
speech
although
statute
face
precludes
street
assemblies
parades
baton
rouge
authorities
enforced
uncontrolled
discretion
permitted
parades
street
meetings
pp
lodging
broad
discretion
public
officials
sanctions
suppression
free
expression
facilitates
denial
equal
protection
pp
carl
rachlin
argued
cause
appellant
brief
robert
collins
nils
douglas
floyd
mckissick
ralph
roy
argued
cause
appellee
brief
jack
gremillion
attorney
general
louisiana
justice
goldberg
delivered
opinion
appellant
reverend
elton
cox
leader
civil
rights
demonstration
arrested
charged
four
offenses
louisiana
law
criminal
conspiracy
disturbing
peace
obstructing
public
passages
picketing
courthouse
consolidated
trial
judge
without
jury
set
facts
acquitted
criminal
conspiracy
convicted
three
offenses
sentenced
serve
four
months
jail
pay
fine
disturbing
peace
serve
five
months
jail
pay
fine
obstructing
public
passages
serve
one
year
jail
pay
fine
picketing
courthouse
sentences
cumulative
accordance
louisiana
procedure
louisiana
reviewed
disturbing
peace
obstructing
public
passages
convictions
certiorari
courthouse
picketing
conviction
appeal
louisiana
two
judgments
affirmed
three
convictions
la
la
appellant
filed
two
separate
appeals
judgments
contending
three
statutes
convicted
unconstitutional
face
applied
noted
probable
jurisdiction
appeals
case
involves
convictions
disturbing
peace
obstructing
public
passages
concerns
conviction
picketing
courthouse
facts
next
morning
students
left
campus
located
approximately
five
miles
downtown
baton
rouge
walk
city
since
drivers
busses
arrested
moore
also
arrested
entrance
campus
parked
car
equipped
loudspeaker
charged
violation
antinoise
statute
moore
immediately
taken
jail
vice
president
core
chapter
already
jail
picketing
cox
felt
duty
take
demonstration
see
carried
planned
quickly
drove
city
pick
leadership
keep
things
orderly
cox
arrived
students
assembling
site
old
state
capitol
building
two
blocks
courthouse
cox
walked
cautioning
students
keep
one
side
sidewalk
getting
ready
march
courthouse
students
circled
block
file
two
three
abreast
occupying
half
sidewalk
police
learned
proposed
demonstration
night
news
media
sources
captain
font
city
police
department
chief
kling
sheriff
office
two
subordinate
officials
approached
group
spoke
cox
northeast
corner
capitol
grounds
cox
identified
group
leader
according
font
kling
explained
students
demonstrating
protest
illegal
arrest
people
held
jail
version
cox
witnesses
throughout
came
protest
arrest
also
protest
evil
discrimination
kling
asked
cox
disband
group
take
back
whence
came
cox
acquiesce
request
told
officers
march
courthouse
say
prayers
sing
hymns
conduct
peaceful
program
protest
officer
repeated
request
disband
cox
refused
kling
font
returned
car
order
report
radio
sheriff
chief
police
immediate
vicinity
going
students
led
cox
began
walk
toward
courthouse
walked
orderly
peaceful
file
two
three
abreast
one
block
east
stopping
way
red
traffic
light
center
block
joined
another
group
students
augmented
group
totaling
turned
corner
proceeded
south
coming
halt
next
block
opposite
courthouse
cox
still
head
group
approached
vicinity
courthouse
stopped
captain
font
inspector
trigg
brought
police
chief
wingate
white
standing
middle
louis
street
chief
inquired
purpose
demonstration
cox
reading
prepared
paper
outlined
program
white
stating
include
singing
star
spangled
banner
freedom
song
recitation
lord
prayer
pledge
allegiance
short
speech
white
testified
told
cox
must
confine
demonstration
west
side
street
white
added
course
mean
import
giving
permission
presented
situation
accomplished
make
decision
cox
testified
officials
agreed
permit
meeting
james
erwin
news
director
radio
station
wibr
witness
state
present
overheard
conversation
testified
understanding
allowed
demonstrate
stayed
west
side
street
stayed
within
recognized
time
agreed
white
students
directed
cox
west
sidewalk
across
street
courthouse
feet
steps
lined
sidewalk
five
deep
spread
almost
entire
length
block
group
obstruct
street
close
noon
lunch
time
small
crowd
curious
white
people
mostly
courthouse
personnel
gathered
east
sidewalk
courthouse
steps
feet
demonstrators
eighty
policemen
including
city
state
patrolmen
members
sheriff
staff
well
members
fire
department
fire
truck
stationed
street
two
groups
rain
fell
throughout
demonstration
several
students
took
beneath
coats
picket
signs
similar
used
day
signs
bore
legends
buy
discrimination
christmas
sacrifice
christ
buy
named
stores
proclaimed
unfair
sang
god
bless
america
pledged
allegiance
flag
prayed
briefly
sang
one
two
hymns
including
shall
overcome
students
locked
jail
cells
courthouse
building
sight
demonstrators
responded
singing
turn
greeted
cheers
applause
demonstrators
appellant
gave
speech
described
state
witness
follows
said
effect
protest
illegal
arrest
members
people
allowed
picket
said
going
commit
violence
anyone
spit
spit
back
person
right
lunch
time
let
go
eat
twelve
stores
protesting
number
stores
twenty
counters
accept
money
nineteen
wo
accept
twentieth
counter
act
racial
discrimination
stores
open
public
members
public
pay
taxes
federal
government
live
pay
taxes
state
sheriff
deeming
testified
cox
appeal
students
sit
lunch
counters
inflammatory
took
power
microphone
said
allowed
demonstrate
demonstration
less
peaceful
direct
violation
law
disturbance
peace
got
broken
immediately
testimony
happened
disputed
state
witnesses
testified
cox
said
move
others
stated
made
gesture
defiance
clear
record
however
cox
demonstrators
break
demonstration
two
sheriff
deputies
immediately
started
across
street
told
group
heard
sheriff
said
said
state
witness
testified
put
hands
shoulders
students
though
shove
away
almost
immediately
thereafter
within
time
estimated
variously
two
five
minutes
one
policemen
exploded
tear
gas
shell
crowd
followed
several
shells
demonstrators
quickly
dispersed
running
back
towards
state
capitol
downtown
area
cox
tried
calm
ran
one
last
leave
negroes
participating
demonstration
arrested
day
person
arrested
young
white
man
part
demonstration
arrested
causing
disturbance
next
day
appellant
arrested
charged
four
offenses
described
ii
breach
peace
conviction
whoever
intent
provoke
breach
peace
circumstances
breach
peace
may
occasioned
thereby
crowds
congregates
others
upon
public
street
public
highway
upon
public
sidewalk
public
place
building
fails
refuses
disperse
move
ordered
law
enforcement
officer
municipality
parish
act
acts
committed
law
enforcement
officer
state
louisiana
authorized
person
shall
guilty
disturbing
peace
la
rev
stat
cum
supp
louisiana
courts
held
appellant
conduct
constituted
breach
peace
state
law
edwards
may
accept
decision
binding
upon
us
extent
edwards
south
carolina
supra
independent
examination
record
required
make
shows
conduct
state
right
prohibit
breach
peace
appellant
led
group
young
college
students
wished
protest
segregation
discrimination
negroes
arrest
fellow
students
assembled
peaceably
state
capitol
building
marched
courthouse
sang
prayed
listened
speech
reading
record
reveals
agreement
part
state
witnesses
cox
demonstration
well
controlled
end
cox
speech
group
perfectly
orderly
sheriff
clemmons
testified
crowd
activities
objectionable
time
became
objectionable
according
sheriff
cox
concluding
speech
urged
students
go
uptown
sit
lunch
counters
sheriff
testified
sole
aspect
program
objected
inflammatory
manner
cox
addressed
crowd
told
go
town
go
four
places
protest
list
sit
feed
sit
one
hour
yet
part
cox
speech
obviously
deprive
demonstration
protected
character
constitution
free
speech
assembly
see
edwards
south
carolina
supra
cantwell
connecticut
thornhill
alabama
garner
louisiana
concurring
opinion
justice
harlan
state
argues
however
demonstrators
started
orderly
loud
cheering
clapping
students
response
singing
jail
converted
peaceful
assembly
riotous
one
record
however
support
assertion
true
students
response
singing
fellows
custody
cheered
applauded
however
meeting
outdoor
meeting
key
state
witness
testified
singing
loud
disorderly
moreover
indication
mood
students
ever
hostile
aggressive
unfriendly
conclusion
entire
meeting
beginning
dispersal
tear
gas
orderly
riotous
confirmed
film
events
taken
television
news
photographer
offered
evidence
state
exhibit
viewed
film
reveals
students
though
undoubtedly
cheered
clapped
throughout
brother
black
concurring
opinion
dissenting
post
agrees
record
show
boisterous
violent
conduct
indecent
language
part
students
post
singing
cheering
seem
us
differ
significantly
constitutionally
protected
activity
demonstrators
edwards
loudly
sang
stamping
feet
clapping
hands
edwards
south
carolina
supra
conclusion
record
support
contention
students
cheering
clapping
singing
constituted
breach
peace
confirmed
fact
relied
basis
conviction
trial
judge
rather
stated
reason
convicting
cox
disturbing
peace
must
recognized
inherently
dangerous
breach
peace
bring
people
colored
people
predominantly
white
business
district
city
baton
rouge
congregate
across
street
courthouse
sing
songs
described
defendant
core
national
anthem
carrying
lines
black
white
together
urge
people
descend
upon
lunch
counters
sit
served
inherent
breach
peace
statute
made
finally
state
contends
conviction
sustained
fear
expressed
state
witnesses
violence
erupt
demonstration
virtually
undisputed
however
students
violent
threatened
violence
fear
violence
seems
based
upon
reaction
group
white
citizens
looking
across
street
one
state
witness
testified
felt
situation
getting
hand
courthouse
side
louis
street
small
knots
groups
white
citizens
muttering
words
seemed
little
bit
agitated
police
officer
stated
reaction
white
crowd
violent
rumblings
others
felt
atmosphere
became
tense
mutterings
grumbling
jeering
white
group
indication
however
member
white
group
threatened
violence
small
crowd
estimated
separated
students
eighty
armed
policemen
including
every
available
shift
city
police
sheriff
office
full
complement
additional
help
state
police
along
fire
truck
fire
department
inspector
trigg
testified
handled
crowd
situation
like
edwards
far
cry
situation
feiner
new
york
see
edwards
south
carolina
supra
evidence
fighting
words
see
chaplinsky
new
hampshire
edwards
evidence
showed
opinions
students
peaceably
expressing
sufficiently
opposed
views
majority
community
attract
crowd
necessitate
police
protection
edwards
south
carolina
supra
conceding
compelling
answer
constitutional
rights
may
denied
simply
hostility
assertion
exercise
watson
memphis
additional
reason
conviction
sustained
statute
issue
case
authoritatively
interpreted
louisiana
unconstitutionally
vague
overly
broad
scope
statutory
crime
consists
two
elements
congregating
others
intent
provoke
breach
peace
circumstances
breach
peace
may
occasioned
refusal
move
ordered
law
enforcement
officer
second
part
offense
narrow
specific
first
element
louisiana
case
defined
term
breach
peace
agitate
arouse
state
repose
molest
interrupt
hinder
disquiet
edwards
defendants
convicted
crime
similarly
defined
south
carolina
definitions
allow
persons
punished
merely
peacefully
expressing
unpopular
views
yet
function
free
speech
system
government
invite
dispute
may
indeed
best
serve
high
purpose
induces
condition
unrest
creates
dissatisfaction
conditions
even
stirs
people
anger
speech
often
provocative
challenging
may
strike
prejudices
preconceptions
profound
unsettling
effects
presses
acceptance
idea
freedom
speech
protected
censorship
punishment
room
constitution
restrictive
view
alternative
lead
standardization
ideas
either
legislatures
courts
dominant
political
community
groups
terminiello
chicago
terminiello
convictions
allowed
stand
trial
judge
charged
speech
defendants
punished
breach
peace
stirs
public
anger
invites
dispute
brings
condition
unrest
creates
disturbance
molests
inhabitants
enjoyment
peace
quiet
arousing
alarm
louisiana
statute
interpreted
louisiana
least
likely
allow
conviction
innocent
speech
charge
trial
judge
terminiello
therefore
terminiello
edwards
conviction
statute
must
reversed
statute
unconstitutional
sweeps
within
broad
scope
activities
constitutionally
protected
free
speech
assembly
maintenance
opportunity
free
political
discussion
basic
tenet
constitutional
democracy
chief
justice
hughes
stated
stromberg
california
statute
upon
face
authoritatively
construed
vague
indefinite
permit
punishment
fair
use
opportunity
repugnant
guaranty
liberty
contained
fourteenth
amendment
reasons
hold
appellant
freedoms
speech
assembly
secured
first
amendment
applied
fourteenth
amendment
denied
conviction
disturbing
peace
conviction
charge
stand
iii
obstructing
public
passages
conviction
obstructing
public
passages
person
shall
wilfully
obstruct
free
convenient
normal
use
public
sidewalk
street
highway
bridge
alley
road
passageway
entrance
corridor
passage
public
building
structure
watercraft
ferry
impeding
hindering
stifling
retarding
restraining
traffic
passage
thereon
therein
providing
however
nothing
herein
contained
shall
apply
bona
fide
legitimate
labor
organization
legal
activities
picketing
lawful
assembly
concerted
activity
interest
members
purpose
accomplishing
securing
favorable
wage
standards
hours
employment
working
conditions
appellant
however
contends
construed
applied
case
statute
unconstitutional
infringement
freedom
speech
assembly
contention
facts
presented
raises
issue
dealt
many
decisions
right
state
municipality
regulate
use
city
streets
facilities
assure
safety
convenience
people
use
concomitant
right
people
free
speech
assembly
see
lovell
griffin
hague
cio
schneider
state
thornhill
alabama
cantwell
connecticut
cox
new
hampshire
largent
texas
saia
new
york
kovacs
cooper
niemotko
maryland
kunz
new
york
poulos
new
hampshire
decisions
certain
clear
principles
emerge
rights
free
speech
assembly
fundamental
democratic
society
still
mean
everyone
opinions
beliefs
express
may
address
group
public
place
time
constitutional
guarantee
liberty
implies
existence
organized
society
maintaining
public
order
without
liberty
lost
excesses
anarchy
control
travel
streets
clear
example
governmental
responsibility
insure
necessary
order
restriction
relation
designed
promote
public
convenience
interest
susceptible
abuses
discriminatory
application
disregarded
attempted
exercise
civil
right
circumstances
entitled
protection
one
justified
ignoring
familiar
red
light
thought
means
social
protest
one
contrary
traffic
regulations
insist
upon
street
meeting
middle
times
square
rush
hour
form
freedom
speech
assembly
governmental
authorities
duty
responsibility
keep
streets
open
available
movement
group
demonstrators
insist
upon
right
cordon
street
entrance
public
private
building
allow
one
pass
agree
listen
exhortations
see
lovell
griffin
supra
cox
new
hampshire
supra
schneider
state
supra
cantwell
connecticut
supra
giboney
empire
storage
ice
poulos
new
hampshire
supra
see
also
edwards
south
carolina
supra
emphatically
reject
notion
urged
appellant
first
fourteenth
amendments
afford
kind
freedom
communicate
ideas
conduct
patrolling
marching
picketing
streets
highways
amendments
afford
communicate
ideas
pure
speech
see
discussion
cases
cited
post
reaffirm
statement
giboney
empire
storage
ice
supra
never
deemed
abridgment
freedom
speech
press
make
course
conduct
illegal
merely
conduct
part
initiated
evidenced
carried
means
language
either
spoken
written
printed
occasion
case
consider
constitutionality
uniform
consistent
nondiscriminatory
application
statute
forbidding
access
streets
public
facilities
parades
meetings
although
statute
involved
face
precludes
street
assemblies
parades
applied
enforced
baton
rouge
authorities
city
officials
testified
state
clearly
indicated
certain
meetings
parades
permitted
baton
rouge
even
though
effect
obstructing
traffic
provided
prior
approval
obtained
confirmed
oral
argument
counsel
state
stated
parades
meetings
permitted
based
arrangements
made
officials
statute
provides
standards
determination
local
officials
assemblies
permit
prohibit
administrative
regulations
subject
called
attention
evidence
us
appears
authorities
baton
rouge
permit
prohibit
parades
street
meetings
completely
uncontrolled
discretion
situation
thus
statute
expressly
provided
peaceful
parades
demonstrations
unbridled
discretion
local
officials
pervasive
restraint
freedom
discussion
practice
authorities
statute
less
effective
statute
expressly
permitting
selective
enforcement
long
line
cases
makes
clear
state
municipality
require
wish
disseminate
ideas
present
first
police
authorities
consideration
approval
discretion
police
say
ideas
may
others
may
disseminate
schneider
state
supra
see
lovell
griffin
supra
hague
cio
supra
largent
texas
supra
saia
new
york
supra
niemotko
maryland
supra
kunz
new
york
supra
recognized
lodging
broad
discretion
public
official
allows
determine
expressions
view
permitted
thus
sanctions
device
suppression
communication
ideas
permits
official
act
censor
see
saia
new
york
supra
also
inherent
system
allowing
parades
meetings
prior
permission
official
obvious
danger
right
person
group
denied
equal
protection
laws
see
niemotko
maryland
supra
cf
yick
wo
hopkins
clearly
unconstitutional
enable
public
official
determine
expressions
view
permitted
engage
invidious
discrimination
among
persons
groups
either
use
statute
providing
system
broad
discretionary
licensing
power
case
equivalent
system
selective
enforcement
extremely
broad
prohibitory
statute
course
undisputed
appropriate
limited
discretion
properly
drawn
statutes
ordinances
concerning
time
place
duration
manner
use
streets
public
assemblies
may
vested
administrative
officials
provided
limited
discretion
exercised
uniformity
method
treatment
upon
facts
application
free
improper
inappropriate
considerations
unfair
discrimination
systematic
consistent
order
treatment
reference
convenience
public
use
highways
cox
new
hampshire
supra
see
poulos
new
hampshire
supra
clear
practice
baton
rouge
allowing
unfettered
discretion
local
officials
regulation
use
streets
peaceful
parades
meetings
unwarranted
abridgment
appellant
freedom
speech
assembly
secured
first
amendment
applied
fourteenth
amendment
follows
therefore
appellant
conviction
violating
statute
applied
enforced
must
reversed
reasons
discussed
judgment
louisiana
reversed
reversed
concurring
opinion
justice
clark
see
post
opinion
justice
white
concurring
part
dissenting
part
see
post
footnotes
varying
versions
record
time
demonstration
take
state
version
cox
asked
seven
minutes
cox
version
said
speech
take
seven
minutes
whole
program
take
minutes
permission
granted
students
demonstrate
discussed
greater
length
legal
effect
considered
days
cox
participated
demonstrators
direct
clinic
sponsored
core
held
mark
church
sheriff
clemmons
objection
part
speech
testified
follows
objection
part
talk
none
whatever
done
said
trouble
whole
thing
done
objection
assembled
side
street
making
speech
sir
objection
sheriff
clemmons
objected
strongly
words
testified
follows
part
speech
became
objectionable
assembled
inflammatory
manner
addressed
crowd
told
go
town
go
four
places
protest
list
sit
feed
sit
one
hour
exact
sequence
events
unclear
record
described
differently
state
defense
also
state
witnesses
seems
reasonably
certain
however
response
singing
jail
end
cox
speech
muttering
grumbling
white
onlookers
took
place
approximately
time
claim
constitutionally
protected
right
involved
remains
duty
case
make
independent
examination
whole
record
edwards
south
carolina
blackburn
alabama
pennekamp
florida
fiske
kansas
area
first
amendment
freedoms
well
areas
involving
constitutionally
protected
rights
avoid
responsibilities
permitting
completely
bound
state
determination
issue
essential
decision
claim
federal
right
else
federal
law
frustrated
distorted
fact
finding
haynes
washington
stein
new
york
cheering
shouting
described
differently
different
witnesses
extravagant
descriptions
following
jumbled
roar
like
people
cheering
football
game
loud
cheering
spontaneous
clapping
screaming
great
great
outburst
cheer
conquest
much
wilder
football
game
loud
reaction
disorderly
loud
shout
roar
emotional
response
jubilation
exhortation
appellant
agreed
group
became
emotional
tears
flowed
young
ladies
eyes
much
testimony
demonstrators
well
controlled
basically
orderly
throughout
dupre
litton
attorney
witness
state
testified
say
orderly
demonstration
large
group
opinion
congregate
place
particular
time
nothing
opinion
generally
orderly
robert
durham
news
photographer
wbrz
state
witness
testified
although
demonstration
quiet
peaceful
basically
orderly
james
erwin
news
director
wibr
witness
state
testified
follows
demonstration
generally
orderly
yes
reverend
cox
well
controlled
orderly
point
throwing
tear
gas
one
minor
outburst
called
sitins
minor
reaction
loud
reaction
disorderly
loud
loud
reaction
singing
occurred
upstairs
moreover
significantly
demonstrators
fields
south
carolina
supra
involved
students
witnesses
concluded
breach
peace
threatened
occurred
based
conclusions
upon
shouting
cheering
upon
fact
group
demonstrating
upon
cox
suggestion
group
sit
upon
reaction
white
onlookers
across
street
rush
biossat
state
witness
testified
appellant
say
anything
violent
nature
emotional
upset
feeling
disturbance
air
agitation
thought
however
caused
cox
remarks
black
white
together
james
erwin
state
witness
news
director
wibr
testified
considerable
stirring
restiveness
among
white
group
also
stated
reaction
white
group
cox
speech
electrifying
hear
grumbling
small
groups
white
people
total
two
hundred
fifty
perhaps
definite
feeling
ill
sprung
afraid
violence
erupt
also
thought
cox
group
control
want
violence
johnston
police
officer
witness
state
felt
disorderly
part
demonstration
cox
suggestion
group
sit
vay
carpenter
mary
legal
secretaries
witnesses
state
thought
mood
crowd
changed
time
cox
speech
became
tense
thought
suggestion
chief
kling
sheriff
office
testifying
state
said
situation
became
one
explosive
one
gotten
point
handled
gotten
hand
however
based
opinion
upon
mere
presence
people
downtown
baton
rouge
great
numbers
police
captain
font
also
testified
state
situation
explosive
based
opinion
came
large
group
like
coming
nowhere
coming
filling
streets
filling
sidewalks
prepared
traffic
officers
handle
traffic
situations
advised
going
traffic
situation
sidewalk
going
blocked
street
going
blocked
advised
came
blocked
added
feared
bloodshed
based
fear
upon
sheriff
requested
move
move
cheered
conquest
type
tone
displaying
signs
deliberate
agitation
people
arrested
day
turned
right
around
agitated
next
day
prescribed
manner
also
felt
students
displayed
signs
way
agitating
inspector
trigg
testified
state
actions
figured
going
try
storm
courthouse
take
jail
try
get
prisoners
come
protest
however
trigg
based
conclusions
upon
students
marched
capitol
paraded
front
courthouse
thought
violent
continued
march
around
courthouse
continued
march
things
disrupts
way
living
sheriff
clemmons
testified
assembly
became
objectionable
time
cox
speech
sheriff
objected
inflammatory
manner
addressed
crowd
told
go
town
go
four
places
protest
list
sit
feed
sit
one
hour
prior
though
coats
signs
picketing
signs
know
coming
next
anything
coat
became
inflammatory
gestured
go
town
take
charge
places
business
trying
take
charge
courthouse
close
reading
record
seems
reveal
next
evidence
anyone
thought
shouting
cheering
constituted
threatened
breach
peace
argued
exercise
regulatory
power
streets
public
facilities
state
municipality
reserve
streets
completely
traffic
facilities
rest
relaxation
citizenry
see
kovacs
cooper
supra
opinion
justice
jackson
kunz
new
york
supra
justice
jackson
dissenting
contrary
however
indicated
least
point
open
area
must
preserved
outdoor
assemblies
see
hague
cio
supra
opinion
justice
roberts
kunz
new
york
supra
niemotko
maryland
supra
justice
frankfurter
concurring
see
generally
poulos
new
hampshire
supra
niemotko
maryland
supra
express
exception
course
labor
picketing
exception
points
fact
statute
reaches
beyond
mere
traffic
regulation
restrictions
expression
although
cited
neither
party
research
disclosed
existence
local
ordinance
baton
rouge
baton
rouge
city
code
tit
prohibits
parade
along
street
except
accordance
permit
issued
chief
police
similar
ordinance
existence
fields
south
carolina
supra
fields
ordinance
irrelevant
conviction
case
appellant
charged
violation
existence
ordinance
never
referred
state
courts
involved
case
including
one
neither
louisiana
trial
relied
ordinance
sustaining
appellant
convictions
three
statutes
involved
moreover
since
ordinance
apparently
sets
forth
standards
determination
chief
police
parades
permit
prohibit
obvious
constitutional
problems
arise
appellant
convicted
parading
violation
see
discussion
text
lovell
griffin
supra
hague
cio
supra
saia
new
york
supra