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authority
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consensus
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layne
see
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requires
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officeholder
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immunity
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precedents
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branch
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ashcroft
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slip
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illustrate
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circuit
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federal
district
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new
york
authority
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rule
binding
attorney
general
therefore
federal
operations
conducted
nationwide
see
indeed
case
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witness
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boise
idaho
arrest
near
washington
course
district
decisions
precedential
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ante
nationwide
security
operations
grind
halt
even
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finds
operations
unconstitutional
doctrine
qualified
immunity
constrain
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officeholders
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urgent
responsibilities
john
ashcroft
petitioner
abdullah
writ
certiorari
appeals
ninth
circuit
may
justice
ginsburg
justice
breyer
justice
sotomayor
join
concurring
judgment
former
attorney
general
subject
suit
damages
claim
instructed
subordinates
use
material
witness
statute
pretext
detain
terrorist
suspects
preventively
given
whren
agree
clearly
established
law
renders
ashcroft
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damages
abuse
authority
charged
ante
join
justice
sotomayor
objecting
disposition
fourth
amendment
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merits
observes
post
opinion
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judgment
claim
involves
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trying
questions
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th
case
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fourth
amendment
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ashcroft
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see
post
opinion
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validly
obtained
affidavit
based
fails
inform
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magistrate
judge
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intention
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witness
another
trial
post
disclose
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fbi
agents
several
times
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casting
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warrant
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obtained
magistrate
judge
told
parents
wife
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omissions
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warrant
equally
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reason
conclude
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determination
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necessary
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agree
justice
kennedy
treatment
presents
serious
questions
unaddressed
concerning
legality
government
use
material
witness
statute
case
ante
concurring
opinion
addition
questions
justice
kennedy
poses
even
initial
material
witness
classification
proper
even
arguably
legitimate
basis
harsh
custodial
conditions
subjected
ostensibly
held
secure
testimony
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centers
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cells
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ashcroft
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see
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six
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fed
narcotics
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ante
majority
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ante
kennedy
concurring
remaining
claims
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agents
apprehended
invite
consideration
issues
justice
kennedy
challenges
brutal
conditions
confinement
settled
ordeal
grim
reminder
need
install
safeguards
disrespect
human
dignity
constraints
control
officialdom
even
perilous
times
john
ashcroft
petitioner
abdullah
writ
certiorari
appeals
ninth
circuit
may
justice
sotomayor
justice
ginsburg
justice
breyer
join
concurring
judgment
concur
judgment
reversing
appeals
agree
majority
conclusion
ashcroft
violate
clearly
established
law
join
majority
opinion
however
unnecessarily
resolve
difficult
novel
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interpretation
effect
outcome
case
ante
quoting
pearson
callahan
whether
fourth
amendment
permits
pretextual
use
material
witness
warrant
preventive
detention
individual
government
intention
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trial
view
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question
majority
opinion
suggests
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majority
correct
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official
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intent
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whether
officer
actions
violate
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amendment
bond
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cases
recognizing
principle
involved
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detention
individual
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committed
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offense
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purposes
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amendment
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context
need
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case
members
agree
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merits
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ashcroft
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established
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premise
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presented
provide
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part
justice
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case
present
occasion
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material
witness
statute
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case
indeed
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majority
opinion
today
read
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imprimatur
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ante
kennedy
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holding
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parties
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government
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material
witness
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case
lawful
footnotes
appeals
also
relied
upon
ferguson
charleston
held
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program
mandatory
drug
testing
maternity
patients
like
edmond
case
involved
general
scheme
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without
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justice
ginsburg
suggests
use
word
suspicion
peculiar
word
ordinarily
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person
suspected
engaged
wrongdoing
post
opinion
concurring
judgment
disagree
usage
word
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party
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cases
cited
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ginsburg
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ginsburg
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ginsburg
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agents
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arrest
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agents
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us
may
note
passing
alleges
attorney
general
authorized
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detention
suspected
terrorists
forbade
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material
witnesses
means
inquiry
actual
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mere
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attorney
general
promulgated
alleged
policy
alone
decide
case
also
prove
officials
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policy
desire
call
witness
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agents
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judicial
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affidavit
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material
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proceeding
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person
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met
issuance
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officer
may
order
arrest
person
emphasis
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experience
illustrates
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presented
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used
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believed
travels
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word
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see
black
law
dictionary
ed
defining
reasonable
suspicion
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objective
basis
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articulable
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person
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suspicion
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today
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used
term
individualized
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indianapolis
edmond
emphasis
added
chandler
miller
see
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brigham
city
stuart
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programmatic
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conducted
without
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drunk
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board
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independent
school
dist
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finding
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conducts
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michigan
dept
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police
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detention
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field
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require
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measure
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ortega
petitioners
suspicion
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ortega
montoya
de
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automotive
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checkpoints
near
border
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search
purse
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upon
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school
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michigan
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term
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ing
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throwing
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birthday
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ante
internal
quotation
marks
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hardly
credible
import
term
legal
argot
genuinely
debatable
evening
news
reports
murder
suspect
loose
viewer
meant
lookout
perpetrator
witness
ashcroft
understood
term
lawyers
commonly
spoke
detaining
material
witnesses
means
tak
suspected
terrorists
street
app
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
district
determined
factual
allegations
fbi
agents
regarding
misrepresentations
omissions
warrant
application
true
negate
possibility
qualified
immunity
agents
memorandum
order
idaho
agents
took
appeal
threshold
denial
qualified
immunity
plea