illinois
gates
argued
october
decided
june
may
police
department
bloomingdale
received
anonymous
letter
included
statements
respondents
husband
wife
engaged
selling
drugs
wife
drive
car
florida
may
loaded
drugs
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fly
days
drive
car
back
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trunk
loaded
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respondents
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worth
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acting
tip
police
officer
determined
respondents
address
learned
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made
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may
flight
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agent
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enforcement
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flight
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room
registered
wife
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left
following
morning
woman
car
bearing
illinois
license
plate
issued
husband
heading
north
interstate
highway
used
travelers
bloomingdale
area
search
warrant
respondents
residence
automobile
obtained
illinois
judge
based
bloomingdale
police
officer
affidavit
setting
forth
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facts
copy
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letter
respondents
arrived
home
police
waiting
discovered
marihuana
contraband
respondents
car
trunk
home
prior
respondents
trial
charges
violating
state
drug
laws
trial
ordered
suppression
items
seized
illinois
appellate
affirmed
illinois
also
affirmed
holding
letter
affidavit
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sustain
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probable
cause
issuance
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warrant
aguilar
texas
spinelli
since
failed
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facts
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report
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requested
parties
address
whether
rule
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exclusion
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trial
evidence
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fourth
amendment
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example
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evidence
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reasonable
belief
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amendment
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since
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illinois
courts
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state
failure
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defense
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right
remedy
asserted
purposes
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party
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right
fact
illinois
courts
affirmatively
applied
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exclusionary
rule
affect
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pressed
passed
rule
state
repeated
opposition
respondents
substantive
fourth
amendment
claims
suffice
raised
separate
question
whether
exclusionary
rule
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extent
continued
vitality
rule
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believe
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evidence
located
particular
place
task
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magistrate
simply
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set
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place
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simply
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private
interests
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amendment
requires
approach
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aguilar
spinelli
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respondents
home
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details
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police
work
significant
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standing
alone
facts
obtained
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investigation
bloomingdale
police
officer
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suggested
respondents
involved
drug
trafficking
addition
judge
rely
anonymous
letter
corroborated
major
part
police
officer
efforts
pp
rehnquist
delivered
opinion
burger
blackmun
powell
joined
white
filed
opinion
concurring
judgment
post
brennan
filed
dissenting
opinion
marshall
joined
post
stevens
filed
dissenting
opinion
brennan
joined
post
paul
biebel
first
assistant
attorney
general
illinois
reargued
cause
petitioner
briefs
reargument
tyrone
fahner
former
attorney
general
neil
hartigan
attorney
general
michael
ficaro
morton
friedman
assistant
attorneys
general
daniel
harris
james
zagel
briefs
original
argument
fahner
harris
solicitor
general
lee
argued
cause
reargument
amicus
curiae
urging
reversal
brief
reargument
assistant
attorney
general
jensen
deputy
solicitor
general
frey
kathryn
oberly
geoffrey
stewart
robert
erickson
brief
original
argument
jensen
alan
horowitz
david
smith
james
reilley
reargued
cause
respondents
brief
reargument
barry
witlin
thomas
davies
brief
original
argument
witlin
allan
ackerman
clyde
woody
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
filed
george
deukmejian
attorney
general
robert
philibosian
chief
assistant
attorney
general
william
stein
assistant
attorney
general
clifford
thompson
deputy
attorney
general
state
california
fred
inbau
wayne
schmidt
james
manak
patrick
healy
william
lambie
james
murphy
americans
effective
law
enforcement
et
al
robert
toms
evelle
younger
joseph
bertain
lloyd
dunn
laws
work
et
al
newman
flanagan
jack
yelverton
james
manak
edwin
miller
austin
mcguigan
john
massameno
national
district
attorneys
association
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
sidney
bernstein
howard
specter
association
trial
lawyers
america
john
feirich
melvin
lewis
joshua
sachs
michael
costello
illinois
state
bar
association
herman
kaufman
edward
chikofsky
new
york
criminal
bar
association
james
doyle
legal
internship
program
georgetown
university
law
center
briefs
amici
curiae
filed
jim
smith
attorney
general
lawrence
kaden
raymond
marky
assistant
attorneys
general
state
florida
et
al
gerald
baliles
attorney
general
jacqueline
epps
senior
assistant
attorney
general
commonwealth
virginia
morris
harrell
william
greenhalgh
william
mertens
steven
goldblatt
american
bar
association
charles
sims
burt
neuborne
american
civil
liberties
union
et
al
peter
zimroth
barbara
underwood
committee
criminal
law
association
bar
city
new
york
marshall
krause
quin
denvir
steffan
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paul
edward
bell
national
association
criminal
defense
lawyers
et
al
kenneth
mogill
national
legal
aid
defender
association
frank
carrington
griffin
bell
wayne
schmidt
alan
dye
thomas
hendrickson
courtney
evans
rufus
edmisten
david
crump
howard
kramer
ronald
zumbrun
john
findley
wayne
elliott
stephen
parker
joseph
scuro
seven
former
members
attorney
general
task
force
violent
crime
et
al
dan
johnston
pro
se
county
attorney
polk
county
iowa
justice
rehnquist
delivered
opinion
respondents
lance
susan
gates
indicted
violation
state
drug
laws
police
officers
executing
search
warrant
discovered
marihuana
contraband
automobile
home
prior
trial
gateses
moved
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evidence
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illinois
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decisions
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state
courts
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state
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spinelli
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department
rules
concerning
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similar
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approach
employed
decisions
limiting
scope
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remedy
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amendment
violations
oregon
hass
harris
new
york
michigan
tucker
cases
considering
whether
fourth
amendment
decisions
applied
retroactively
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supra
williams
plurality
opinion
desist
linkletter
walker
see
johnson
cases
reflect
exclusion
evidence
personal
constitutional
right
remedy
like
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costs
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imposition
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direction
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rule
decisions
indicate
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concern
safeguarding
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amendment
fuller
appreciation
high
costs
incurred
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reliable
evidence
barred
investigative
error
primary
cost
course
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rule
interferes
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function
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trial
barring
relevant
trustworthy
evidence
never
know
many
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defendants
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evidence
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jury
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evidence
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justification
must
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circumstances
pay
way
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official
lawlessness
presume
modification
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rule
significantly
reduce
crime
rate
excuse
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application
rule
suppression
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costs
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evidence
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faith
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later
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violate
fourth
amendment
deter
legitimate
well
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rule
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discourage
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reasonable
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actions
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federal
judicial
systems
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study
reveals
federal
defendants
going
trial
file
fourth
amendment
suppression
motions
involve
formal
hearings
general
accounting
office
comptroller
general
impact
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rule
federal
criminal
prosecutions
rule
also
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price
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govern
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justice
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exclusionary
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thought
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activity
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respect
fourth
amendment
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applied
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well
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disrespect
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justice
stone
powell
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powell
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stone
powell
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disparity
particular
cases
error
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police
officer
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defendant
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rule
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recent
cases
strongly
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insufficient
justification
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evidence
criminal
trial
seized
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belief
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amendment
violated
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janis
irvine
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amendment
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charged
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fourth
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powell
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dissenting
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exception
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law
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powell
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judge
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johnson
new
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cases
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courts
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massachusetts
painten
white
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conduct
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scott
last
term
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qualified
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suits
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officials
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fitzgerald
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california
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