hazelwood
school
district
kuhlmeier
argued
october
decided
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respondents
former
high
school
students
staff
members
school
newspaper
filed
suit
federal
district
petitioners
school
district
school
officials
alleging
respondents
first
amendment
rights
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deletion
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issue
paper
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pages
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experiences
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year
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directed
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white
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rehnquist
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scalia
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marshall
blackmun
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baine
argued
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petitioners
briefs
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gianoulakis
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haar
leslie
edwards
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cause
filed
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respondents
ronald
zumbrun
anthony
caso
filed
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pacific
legal
foundation
amicus
curiae
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reversal
briefs
amici
curiae
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american
civil
liberties
union
et
al
janet
benshoof
john
powell
steven
shapiro
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susman
american
society
newspaper
editors
et
al
richard
schmidt
people
american
way
marvin
frankel
legal
defense
education
fund
et
al
martha
minow
sarah
burns
marsha
levick
planned
parenthood
federation
america
et
al
eve
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student
press
law
center
et
al
marc
abrams
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amici
curiae
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national
school
boards
association
et
al
gwendolyn
gregory
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thomas
shannon
ivan
gluckman
school
board
dade
county
florida
frank
howard
johnny
brown
justice
white
delivered
opinion
case
concerns
extent
educators
may
exercise
editorial
control
contents
high
school
newspaper
produced
part
school
journalism
curriculum
petitioners
hazelwood
school
district
louis
county
missouri
various
school
officials
robert
eugene
reynolds
principal
hazelwood
east
high
school
howard
emerson
teacher
school
district
respondents
three
former
hazelwood
east
students
staff
members
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school
newspaper
contend
school
officials
violated
first
amendment
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two
pages
articles
may
issue
spectrum
spectrum
written
edited
journalism
ii
class
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east
newspaper
published
every
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weeks
school
year
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year
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school
personnel
members
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board
education
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funds
annual
budget
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funds
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year
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taught
robert
stergos
academic
year
stergos
left
hazelwood
east
take
job
private
industry
april
may
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spectrum
nearing
completion
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emerson
took
place
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adviser
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weeks
term
practice
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east
spring
semester
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teacher
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still
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activity
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student
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respondents
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district
eastern
district
missouri
seeking
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relief
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damages
bench
trial
district
denied
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holding
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district
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officials
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number
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hazelwood
east
several
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hazelwood
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hazelwood
east
curriculum
guide
board
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provided
chool
sponsored
publications
developed
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adopted
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implications
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hazelwood
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chills
student
speech
school
officials
might
object
part
dangers
consistently
condemned
scheme
allowing
state
official
boundless
discretion
licensing
speech
particular
forum
see
shuttlesworth
birmingham
supra
cox
louisiana
staub
baxley
supra
case
us
aptly
illustrates
readily
school
officials
courts
camouflage
viewpoint
discrimination
mere
protection
students
sensitive
topics
among
grounds
advances
uphold
principal
censorship
one
articles
potential
sensitivity
teenage
sexual
activity
ante
yet
district
specifically
found
principal
matter
principle
oppose
discussion
said
topi
spectrum
much
also
clear
principal
approval
squeal
law
article
page
dealing
forthrightly
teenage
sexuality
use
contraceptives
teenagers
teenage
pregnancy
app
topic
sensitivity
true
basis
principal
decision
two
articles
equally
objectionable
much
likely
objectionable
article
objectionable
viewpoint
expressed
might
read
majority
apparently
advocate
irresponsible
sex
see
ante
sole
concomitant
school
sponsorship
might
conceivably
justify
distinction
draws
sponsored
nonsponsored
student
expression
risk
views
individual
speaker
might
erroneously
attributed
school
ante
course
risk
erroneous
attribution
inheres
student
expression
including
personal
expression
like
armbands
tinker
happens
occur
school
premises
ante
nevertheless
majority
certainly
correct
indicia
school
sponsorship
increase
likelihood
attribution
state
educators
may
therefore
legitimate
interest
dissociating
student
speech
ven
though
governmental
purpose
legitimate
substantial
purpose
pursued
means
broadly
stifle
fundamental
personal
liberties
end
narrowly
achieved
keyishian
board
regents
quoting
shelton
tucker
dissociative
means
short
censorship
available
school
example
require
student
activity
publish
disclaimer
statement
policy
spectrum
published
school
year
announcing
editorials
appearing
newspaper
reflect
opinions
spectrum
staff
necessarily
shared
administrators
faculty
hazelwood
east
app
simply
issue
response
clarifying
official
position
matter
explaining
student
position
wrong
yet
without
much
acknowledging
less
oppressive
alternatives
approves
brutal
censorship
iii
since
censorship
served
legitimate
pedagogical
purpose
stretch
imagination
designed
prevent
materia
disrup
tion
classwork
tinker
censorship
fall
within
category
tinker
described
necessary
prevent
student
expression
inva
ding
rights
others
ibid
term
content
must
limited
rights
protected
law
yardstick
less
exacting
result
school
officials
curtailing
speech
slightest
fear
disturbance
prospect
completely
odds
pronouncement
undifferentiated
fear
apprehension
disturbance
enough
even
public
school
context
overcome
right
freedom
expression
tinker
supra
appeals
correctly
reasoned
whatever
journalistic
impropriety
articles
may
contained
conceivably
tortious
much
less
criminal
see
finally
even
majority
correct
principal
constitutionally
censored
objectionable
material
emphatically
object
brutal
manner
separation
legitimate
illegitimate
speech
calls
sensitive
tools
speiser
randall
see
keyishian
board
regents
supra
principal
used
paper
shredder
objected
material
two
articles
excised
six
entire
articles
much
inquire
obvious
alternatives
precise
deletions
additions
one
already
made
rearranging
layout
delaying
publication
unthinking
contempt
individual
rights
intolerable
state
official
particularly
insidious
one
public
entrusts
task
inculcating
youth
appreciation
cherished
democratic
liberties
constitution
guarantees
iv
opens
analysis
case
purporting
reaffirm
tinker
proposition
public
school
students
shed
constitutional
rights
freedom
speech
expression
schoolhouse
gate
ante
quoting
tinker
supra
ironic
introduction
opinion
denudes
high
school
students
much
first
amendment
protection
tinker
prescribed
instead
teach
ing
children
respect
diversity
ideas
fundamental
american
system
board
education
pico
blackmun
concurring
part
concurring
judgment
constitution
living
reality
parchment
preserved
glass
shanley
northeast
independent
school
bexar
today
teach
es
youth
discount
important
principles
government
mere
platitudes
west
virginia
board
education
barnette
young
men
women
hazelwood
east
expected
civics
lesson
one
teaches
today
dissent
suggests
passage
quoted
text
exten
tinker
standard
news
feature
articles
contained
newspaper
passage
expressly
mention
ante
hard
imagine
anyone
else
might
expect
passage
applies
categorically
publication
composed
almost
exclusively
news
feature
articles
mention
categories
expressly
understandably
neither
limited
passage
quotes
language
bethel
school
dist
fraser
proposition
determination
manner
speech
classroom
school
assembly
inappropriate
properly
rests
school
board
ante
quoting
discussion
immediately
preceding
quotation
makes
clear
however
referring
appropriateness
manner
message
conveyed
message
content
see
fraser
fundamental
values
necessary
maintenance
democratic
political
system
disfavor
use
terms
debate
highly
offensive
highly
threatening
others
fact
fraser
coupled
first
mention
society
interest
teaching
students
boundaries
socially
appropriate
behavior
acknowledgment
undoubted
freedom
advocate
unpopular
controversial
views
schools
classrooms
emphasis
added
see
also
brennan
concurring
judgment
case
involve
attempt
school
officials
ban
written
materials
consider
inappropriate
high
school
students
citation
omitted
petitioners
concede
ontrol
access
spectrum
permissible
distinctions
drawn
viewpoint
neutral
brief
petitioners
quoting
cornelius
naacp
legal
defense
educational
fund