washington
seattle
school
dist
argued
march
decided
june
appellee
seattle
school
district
district
enacted
seattle
plan
desegregation
schools
plan
makes
extensive
use
mandatory
busing
subsequently
statewide
initiative
initiative
drafted
terminate
use
mandatory
busing
purposes
racial
integration
public
schools
state
washington
initiative
prohibits
school
boards
requiring
student
attend
school
one
geographically
nearest
next
nearest
home
sets
number
broad
exceptions
requirement
however
student
may
assigned
beyond
neighborhood
school
requires
special
educational
programs
nearest
next
nearest
school
overcrowded
unsafe
lacks
necessary
physical
facilities
exceptions
permit
school
boards
assign
students
away
neighborhood
schools
virtually
purposes
required
educational
policies
initiative
passed
november
general
election
district
together
two
districts
brought
suit
appellant
state
federal
district
challenging
constitutionality
initiative
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
district
held
initiative
unconstitutional
ground
inter
alia
established
impermissible
racial
classification
violation
hunter
erickson
lee
nyquist
supp
wdny
summarily
aff
permits
busing
reasons
forbids
racial
reasons
permanently
enjoined
implementation
initiative
restrictions
appeals
affirmed
held
initiative
violates
equal
protection
clause
pp
state
allocates
governmental
power
nonneutrally
explicitly
using
racial
nature
decision
determine
process
action
places
special
burdens
racial
minorities
within
governmental
process
hunter
erickson
thereby
making
difficult
certain
racial
religious
minorities
members
community
achieve
legislation
interest
structuring
political
process
permissible
denying
members
racial
minority
vote
equal
basis
others
pp
initiative
must
fall
attemp
allocate
governmental
power
basis
general
principle
hunter
erickson
instead
uses
racial
nature
issue
define
governmental
decisionmaking
structure
thus
imposing
substantial
unique
burdens
racial
minorities
initiative
worked
major
reordering
state
educational
decisionmaking
process
adoption
initiative
power
determine
programs
appropriately
fill
school
district
educational
needs
including
programs
involving
student
assignment
desegregation
committed
local
board
discretion
passage
initiative
authority
one
areas
remained
local
board
hands
placing
power
desegregative
busing
state
level
initiative
thus
differentiates
treatment
problems
involving
racial
matters
afforded
problems
area
lee
nyquist
initiative
works
something
mere
repeal
desegregation
law
political
entity
created
burdens
future
attempts
integrate
washington
schools
lodging
decisionmaking
authority
question
new
remote
level
government
makes
enactment
racially
beneficial
legislation
uniquely
difficult
therefore
imposes
direct
undeniable
burdens
minority
interests
pp
contrary
appellants
suggestion
hunter
erickson
effectively
overruled
washington
davis
arlington
heights
metropolitan
housing
dev
washington
davis
arlington
heights
considered
classifications
facially
unrelated
race
hunter
like
case
involved
attempt
use
explicitly
racial
criteria
define
community
decisionmaking
structure
legislation
issue
directly
invidiously
curtailed
operation
political
processes
ordinarily
relied
upon
protect
minorities
carolene
products
hunter
principle
meaningful
unjustified
distinctions
based
race
impermissible
still
vital
pp
blackmun
delivered
opinion
brennan
white
marshall
stevens
joined
powell
filed
dissenting
opinion
burger
rehnquist
joined
post
kenneth
eikenberry
attorney
general
washington
argued
cause
appellants
briefs
malachy
murphy
deputy
attorney
general
thomas
carr
senior
assistant
attorney
general
timothy
malone
assistant
attorney
general
solicitor
general
lee
assistant
attorney
general
reynolds
deputy
solicitor
general
wallace
richard
wilkins
filed
brief
michael
hoge
argued
cause
appellees
brief
appellees
seattle
school
district
et
al
camden
hall
david
burman
phillip
burton
frederick
noland
thomas
lemly
william
neukom
filed
brief
appellees
american
civil
liberties
union
et
al
ladd
leavens
filed
brief
appellees
east
pasco
neighborhood
council
et
al
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
henry
aronson
grant
anderson
et
al
palmer
smith
league
women
voters
seattle
et
al
jack
greenberg
james
nabrit
iii
bill
lann
lee
naacp
legal
defense
educational
fund
judith
lonnquist
washington
education
association
briefs
amici
curiae
filed
gwendolyn
gregory
august
steinhilber
thomas
shannon
national
school
boards
association
william
bender
seattle
chapter
japanese
american
citizens
league
justice
blackmun
delivered
opinion
presented
extraordinary
question
whether
elected
local
school
board
may
use
fourteenth
amendment
defend
program
busing
integration
attack
state
seattle
school
district
district
largely
coterminous
city
seattle
charged
state
law
administering
schools
educating
approximately
public
school
students
children
negro
asian
american
indian
hispanic
ancestry
segregated
housing
patterns
seattle
created
racially
imbalanced
schools
district
historically
taken
steps
alleviate
isolation
minority
students
since
permitted
students
transfer
neighborhood
schools
help
cure
district
racial
imbalance
despite
efforts
district
came
increasing
pressure
accelerate
program
desegregation
response
district
board
directors
school
board
enacted
resolution
defining
racial
imbalance
situation
exists
combined
minority
student
enrollment
school
exceeds
districtwide
combined
average
percentage
points
provided
single
minority
enrollment
school
exceed
percent
student
body
supp
wd
district
resolved
eliminate
imbalance
seattle
public
schools
beginning
academic
year
september
district
implemented
magnet
program
designed
alleviate
racial
isolation
enhancing
educational
offerings
certain
schools
thereby
encouraging
voluntary
student
transfers
disproportionate
amount
overall
movement
inspired
program
undertaken
negro
students
however
racial
imbalance
seattle
schools
found
actually
increased
academic
years
district
therefore
concluded
mandatory
reassignment
students
necessary
racial
isolation
schools
eliminated
accordingly
march
school
board
enacted
seattle
plan
desegregation
plan
makes
extensive
use
busing
mandatory
reassignments
desegregates
elementary
schools
pairing
triading
predominantly
minority
predominantly
white
attendance
areas
basing
student
assignments
attendance
zones
rather
race
racial
makeup
secondary
schools
moderated
feeding
desegregated
elementary
schools
app
district
represents
plan
results
reassignment
roughly
equal
numbers
white
minority
students
allows
students
spend
roughly
half
academic
careers
attending
school
near
homes
brief
appellee
seattle
school
district
desegregation
program
implemented
academic
year
apparently
effective
district
found
seattle
plan
substantially
reduced
number
racially
imbalanced
schools
district
substantially
reduced
percentage
minority
students
schools
remain
racially
imbalanced
late
shortly
seattle
plan
formally
adopted
district
number
seattle
residents
opposed
desegregation
strategies
discussed
school
board
formed
organization
called
citizens
voluntary
integration
committee
civic
organization
district
found
formed
founders
opposition
seattle
plan
attempted
enjoin
implementation
board
mandatory
desegregation
program
litigation
state
efforts
failed
civic
drafted
statewide
initiative
designed
terminate
use
mandatory
busing
purposes
racial
integration
proposal
known
initiative
provided
school
board
shall
directly
indirectly
require
student
attend
school
school
geographically
nearest
next
nearest
student
place
residence
offers
course
study
pursued
student
see
rev
code
initiative
set
however
number
broad
exceptions
requirement
student
may
assigned
beyond
neighborhood
school
requires
special
education
care
guidance
health
safety
hazards
either
natural
man
made
physical
barriers
obstacles
student
place
residence
nearest
next
nearest
school
school
nearest
next
nearest
place
residence
unfit
inadequate
overcrowding
unsafe
conditions
lack
physical
facilities
see
ibid
initiative
also
specifically
proscribed
use
seven
enumerated
methods
indirec
student
assignment
among
redefinition
attendance
zones
pairing
schools
use
feeder
schools
part
seattle
plan
see
initiative
envisioned
busing
racial
purposes
one
circumstance
purport
prevent
competent
jurisdiction
adjudicating
constitutional
issues
relating
public
schools
see
proponents
placed
initiative
washington
ballot
november
general
election
ensuing
campaign
district
concluded
leadership
civic
acted
legally
responsibly
address
appeals
racial
biases
voters
time
however
findings
demonstrate
initiative
directed
solely
desegregative
busing
general
seattle
plan
particular
thus
xcept
assignment
students
effect
racial
balancing
drafters
initiative
attempted
preserve
school
districts
maximum
flexibility
assignment
students
xcept
purposes
initiative
permits
local
school
districts
assign
students
nearest
next
nearest
schools
major
reasons
students
present
assigned
schools
nearest
next
nearest
schools
campaigning
measure
civic
officials
accurately
represented
passage
result
loss
school
district
flexibility
busing
desegregation
purposes
evident
campaign
focused
almost
exclusively
wisdom
forced
busing
integration
see
november
two
months
seattle
plan
went
effect
initiative
passed
substantial
margin
drawing
almost
vote
statewide
initiative
failed
attract
majority
support
two
state
legislative
districts
seattle
city
whole
however
initiative
passed
vote
within
month
district
together
tacoma
pasco
school
districts
initiated
suit
state
district
western
district
washington
challenging
constitutionality
initiative
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
several
community
organizations
intervened
support
district
civic
intervened
behalf
defendants
trial
district
made
extensive
detailed
findings
fact
determined
hose
seattle
schools
crowded
located
areas
city
preponderance
minority
families
live
yet
found
initiative
implemented
prevent
racial
balancing
significant
number
seattle
schools
cause
school
system
become
racially
imbalanced
presently
make
impossible
tacoma
schools
maintain
present
racial
balance
make
doubtful
prospects
integration
pasco
schools
see
except
desegregative
busing
however
found
almost
busing
students
currently
taking
place
washington
permitted
initiative
found
racial
bias
factor
opposition
busing
students
obtain
racial
balance
also
found
voters
moved
support
initiative
number
reasons
impossible
ascertain
reasons
determine
relative
impact
reasons
upon
electorate
district
held
initiative
unconstitutional
three
independent
reasons
first
concluded
initiative
established
impermissible
racial
classification
violation
hunter
erickson
lee
nyquist
supp
wdny
summarily
aff
permits
busing
reasons
forbids
racial
reasons
next
held
initiative
invalid
racially
discriminatory
purpose
one
factors
motivated
conception
adoption
initiative
finally
district
reasoned
initiative
unconstitutionally
overbroad
absence
order
barred
even
school
boards
engaged
de
jure
segregation
taking
steps
foster
integration
permanently
enjoined
implementation
initiative
restrictions
merits
divided
panel
appeals
ninth
circuit
affirmed
relying
entirely
district
first
rationale
subjecting
desegregative
student
assignments
unique
treatment
appeals
concluded
initiative
creates
racial
classification
radically
restructures
political
process
washington
allowing
majority
usurp
traditional
local
authority
local
school
board
educational
policies
continued
initiative
remove
local
school
boards
existing
authority
large
part
capability
enact
programs
designed
desegregate
schools
emphasis
original
omitted
found
result
contrary
principles
hunter
erickson
supra
lee
nyquist
supra
acknowledged
issue
different
one
successor
school
board
attempted
rescind
seattle
plan
however
different
governmental
body
electorate
rescinded
policy
voluntarily
enacted
locally
elected
school
boards
already
subject
local
political
control
state
various
state
officers
appealed
noted
probable
jurisdiction
address
issue
significance
nation
system
education
ii
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
guarantees
racial
minorities
right
full
participation
political
life
community
beyond
dispute
course
given
racial
ethnic
groups
may
denied
franchise
precluded
entering
political
process
reliable
meaningful
manner
see
white
regester
nixon
herndon
fourteenth
amendment
also
reaches
political
structure
treats
individuals
equals
mobile
bolden
stevens
concurring
judgment
yet
subtly
distorts
governmental
processes
way
place
special
burdens
ability
minority
groups
achieve
beneficial
legislation
principle
received
clearest
expression
hunter
erickson
supra
case
involved
attempts
overturn
antidiscrimination
legislation
akron
ohio
akron
city
council
pursuant
ordinary
legislative
process
enacted
fair
housing
ordinance
response
local
citizenry
using
established
referendum
procedure
see
harlan
concurring
amended
city
charter
provide
ordinances
regulating
real
estate
transactions
basis
race
color
religion
national
origin
ancestry
must
first
approved
majority
electors
voting
question
regular
general
election
said
ordinance
shall
effective
action
suspended
operation
existing
ordinance
forbidding
housing
discrimination
also
required
approval
electors
future
fair
housing
ordinance
take
effect
essence
amendment
changed
requirements
adoption
one
type
local
legislation
enact
ordinance
barring
housing
discrimination
basis
race
religion
proponents
obtain
approval
city
council
majority
voters
citywide
enact
ordinance
preventing
housing
discrimination
grounds
enact
type
housing
ordinance
proponents
needed
support
city
council
striking
charter
amendment
hunter
recognized
face
provision
draws
distinctions
among
racial
religious
groups
differentiate
groups
sought
law
protection
racial
discriminatio
sale
rental
real
estate
sought
regulate
real
property
transactions
pursuit
ends
thus
disadvantag
ing
benefit
laws
barring
racial
discriminatio
bar
discriminations
otherwise
regulate
real
estate
market
favor
reality
burden
imposed
arrangement
necessarily
falls
minority
majority
needs
protection
discrimination
referendum
might
bothersome
ibid
effect
charter
amendment
served
explicitly
racial
classification
treating
racial
housing
matters
differently
racial
housing
matters
made
amendment
constitutionally
suspect
state
may
disadvantage
particular
group
making
difficult
enact
legislation
behalf
may
dilute
person
vote
give
group
smaller
representation
another
comparable
size
emphasis
added
lee
nyquist
supp
wdny
offers
application
hunter
doctrine
setting
strikingly
similar
one
us
case
involved
new
york
education
system
made
use
elected
appointed
school
boards
conferred
extensive
authority
state
education
officials
effort
eliminate
de
facto
segregation
new
york
schools
officials
directed
city
buffalo
municipality
appointed
school
board
implement
integration
plan
developments
proceeding
however
new
york
legislature
enacted
statute
barring
state
education
officials
appointed
though
elected
school
boards
assign
ing
compell
ing
students
attend
school
account
race
purpose
achieving
racial
equality
attendance
school
applying
hunter
district
invalidated
statute
noting
provision
commissioner
education
local
appointed
officials
prohibited
acting
student
assignment
matters
racial
criteria
involved
view
statute
therefore
place
burdens
implementation
educational
policies
designed
deal
race
local
level
treating
educational
matters
involving
racial
criteria
differently
educational
matters
making
difficult
deal
racial
imbalance
public
schools
ibid
emphasis
original
drew
impermissible
distinction
treatment
problems
involving
racial
matters
afforded
problems
area
affirmed
district
judgment
without
opinion
cases
yield
simple
central
principle
justice
harlan
noted
concurring
opinion
hunter
laws
structuring
political
institutions
allocating
political
power
according
neutral
principles
executive
veto
typically
burdensome
requirements
amending
state
constitutions
subject
equal
protection
attack
though
may
make
difficult
minorities
achieve
favorable
legislation
laws
make
difficult
every
group
community
enact
comparable
laws
provid
framework
within
diverse
political
groups
society
may
fairly
compete
thus
political
majority
may
generally
restructure
political
process
place
obstacles
path
everyone
seeking
secure
benefits
governmental
action
different
analysis
required
state
allocates
governmental
power
nonneutrally
explicitly
using
racial
nature
decision
determine
decisionmaking
process
state
action
kind
said
places
special
burdens
racial
minorities
within
governmental
process
emphasis
added
thereby
making
difficult
certain
racial
religious
minorities
members
community
achieve
legislation
interest
emphasis
added
harlan
concurring
structuring
political
process
said
permissible
denying
members
racial
minority
vote
equal
basis
others
iii
believe
appeals
properly
focused
hunter
lee
find
principle
cases
dispositive
issue
view
initiative
must
fall
attemp
allocate
governmental
power
basis
general
principle
hunter
erickson
harlan
concurring
instead
uses
racial
nature
issue
define
governmental
decisionmaking
structure
thus
imposes
substantial
unique
burdens
racial
minorities
noting
initiative
nowhere
mentions
race
integration
appellants
suggest
legislation
racial
overtones
maintain
hunter
inapposite
initiative
simply
permits
busing
certain
enumerated
purposes
neutrally
forbidding
reasons
find
difficult
believe
appellants
analysis
seriously
advanced
however
despite
facial
neutrality
little
doubt
initiative
effectively
drawn
racial
purposes
neither
initiative
sponsors
district
appeals
difficulty
perceiving
racial
nature
issue
settled
initiative
thus
district
found
text
initiative
carefully
tailored
interfere
desegregative
busing
proponents
initiative
candidly
represented
loss
school
district
flexibility
busing
desegregation
purposes
noted
initiative
fact
allows
school
districts
bus
students
nonintegrative
purposes
required
educational
policies
washington
electorate
surely
aware
assured
civic
officials
school
districts
state
lacked
mandatory
integration
programs
affected
passage
beyond
reasonable
dispute
initiative
enacted
merely
spite
adverse
effects
upon
busing
integration
personnel
administrator
massachusetts
feeney
even
accepting
view
initiative
enacted
purpose
changed
position
course
litigation
supports
state
maintains
busing
integration
unlike
fair
housing
ordinance
involved
hunter
peculiarly
racial
issue
brief
persuaded
undoubtedly
true
suggests
proponents
mandatory
integration
classified
race
negroes
whites
may
counted
among
supporters
opponents
initiative
equally
clear
white
well
negro
children
benefit
exposure
ethnic
racial
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los
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state
washington
opportunity
address
unresolved
questions
resulting
extensive
mandatory
busing
constitution
dictate
level
government
decisions
affecting
public
schools
must
taken
certainly
strip
sovereignty
therefore
authorize
today
intrusion
state
internal
structure
throughout
dissent
use
term
mandatory
busing
refer
busing
mandatory
student
reassignments
purpose
achieving
racial
integration
initiative
passed
almost
statewide
vote
seattle
initiative
passed
vote
failed
two
seattle
legislative
districts
one
predominantly
black
one
predominantly
white
unlike
constitutional
amendment
issue
crawford
los
angeles
board
education
post
initiative
places
limits
state
courts
interpretation
state
constitution
thus
mandatory
school
assignments
required
state
constitution
although
fourteenth
amendment
federal
constitution
initiative
hinder
state
enforcing
constitution
tacoma
school
district
pasco
school
district
school
districts
washington
extensive
integration
programs
pasco
relied
upon
school
closings
mandatory
busing
achieve
racial
integration
schools
minority
children
bused
pasco
plan
supp
wd
addition
school
closings
tacoma
integration
plan
relies
upon
voluntary
techniques
magnet
schools
voluntary
transfers
judge
wright
dissented
view
initiative
said
embody
racial
classification
initiative
classify
individuals
basis
race
simply
deals
matter
bearing
race
relations
moreover
racial
classification
created
citizens
state
favor
mandatory
school
reassignments
purposes
reasons
race
benefits
problems
associated
busing
one
reason
racial
integration
another
avoid
safety
hazards
finally
judge
wright
understand
exercise
authority
state
create
racial
classification
state
intervened
altering
legislative
process
way
burdened
racial
minorities
charged
state
constitution
responsibility
provision
public
education
state
simply
exercised
authority
run
school
system
judge
wright
also
addressed
district
alternative
holdings
initiative
overbroad
motivated
discriminatory
intent
found
basis
either
conclusion
alternative
holdings
addressed
appeals
majority
relied
upon
today
accordingly
discussed
dissent
see
swann
board
education
absent
constitutional
violation
basis
judicially
ordering
assignment
students
racial
basis
things
equal
history
discrimination
might
well
desirable
assign
pupils
schools
nearest
homes
indeed
absence
finding
segregation
school
district
mandatory
busing
basis
race
raises
constitutional
difficulties
extensive
pupil
transportation
may
threaten
liberty
privacy
interests
see
university
california
regents
bakke
opinion
powell
keyes
school
district
denver
powell
concurring
part
dissenting
part
moreover
state
school
board
assigns
students
basis
race
acts
basis
racial
classification
consistently
held
racial
classification
regardless
purported
motivation
presumptively
invalid
upheld
upon
extraordinary
justification
personnel
administrator
massachusetts
feeney
ccording
institutions
country
sovereignty
every
state
resides
people
state
may
alter
change
form
government
pleasure
luther
borden
see
community
communications
boulder
sailors
board
education
save
unless
state
county
municipal
government
runs
afoul
federally
protected
right
vast
leeway
management
internal
affairs
kagama
constitution
sovereign
authority
resides
either
federal
government
exist
two
consistently
held
equal
protection
clause
violated
mere
repeal
legislation
policies
required
federal
constitution
first
place
crawford
los
angeles
board
education
post
policies
support
neighborhood
schooling
various
racially
neutral
people
state
legitimately
decide
unlimited
mandatory
busing
places
great
burden
liberty
privacy
interests
families
students
races
might
decide
reassignment
students
distant
schools
basis
race
great
departure
ideal
racial
neutrality
state
action
light
experience
mandatory
busing
cities
state
might
conclude
program
ultimately
lead
greater
racial
imbalance
schools
see
estes
metropolitan
branches
dallas
naacp
powell
dissenting
cf
james
valtierra
course
lawmaking
procedure
disadvantages
particular
group
always
deny
equal
protection
holding
presumably
state
able
require
referendums
subject
unless
referendums
required
always
disadvantage
group
required
analyze
governmental
structures
determine
whether
gubernatorial
veto
provision
filibuster
rule
likely
disadvantage
diverse
shifting
groups
make
american
people
also
relies
certain
critical
points
discussion
summary
affirmance
lee
nyquist
supp
wdny
summarily
aff
often
noted
however
summary
affirmances
little
precedential
force
see
metromedia
san
diego
summary
affirmance
read
adoption
reasoning
supporting
judgment
review
zobel
williams
far
clear
absence
constitutional
violation
mandatory
busing
necessarily
benefits
racial
minorities
even
viewed
favor
racial
minorities
see
crawford
los
angeles
board
education
post
indicates
busing
question
complex
best
resolved
political
process
ante
moreover
significant
initiative
places
limits
voluntary
programs
reassignments
permits
school
districts
order
school
closings
purposes
racial
balance
permits
school
districts
order
student
attend
next
nearest
rather
nearest
school
promote
racial
integration
repeatedly
effect
initiative
redraw
decisionmaking
authority
racial
matters
racial
matters
way
place
comparative
burdens
minorities
ante
emphasis
added
decision
state
exercise
authority
schools
racial
matters
schools
place
comparative
burden
racial
minorities
hunter
understood
fair
housing
legislation
alone
subject
automatic
referendum
requirement
gordon
lance
emphasis
added
contrast
initiative
merely
places
mandatory
busing
among
much
larger
group
matters
covering
race
relations
administration
schools
variety
matters
addressed
state
level
see
infra
racial
minorities
indeed
burdened
initiative
comparatively
burdened
respect
position
group
persons
disadvantaged
regulations
drawn
state
level
decision
intrudes
deeply
normal
state
decisionmaking
holding
people
state
washington
apparently
forever
barred
developing
different
policy
mandatory
busing
school
district
previously
adopted
one
principle
seem
limited
question
mandatory
busing
thus
admissions
committee
state
law
school
developed
plan
came
fire
apparently
find
unconstitutional
higher
authority
intervene
unless
authority
traditionally
dictated
admissions
policies
constitutional
matter
dean
law
school
faculty
university
whole
university
president
chancellor
university
system
board
regents
might
powerless
intervene
despite
greater
authority
state
law
today
decision
unclear
whether
state
may
set
policy
area
race
relations
local
governmental
body
arguably
done
fourteenth
amendment
requires
local
employment
benefits
distributed
racial
basis
benefit
racial
minorities
state
apparently
may
thereafter
ever
intervene
indeed
theory
one
must
wonder
whether
equal
protection
component
fifth
amendment
even
federal
government
assert
superior
authority
regulate
areas
even
accepting
dubious
notion
state
must
demonstrate
past
control
public
schooling
race
relations
intervening
matters
ante
attempt
demonstrate
initiative
represents
unique
thrust
state
areas
unpersuasive
discussion
indicates
comprehensive
character
state
activity
common
school
provisions
state
code
laws
nearly
pages
long
governing
broad
variety
school
matters
state
taken
seriously
constitutional
obligation
provide
public
education
see
wash
art
ix
seattle
school
district
state
light
wide
range
regulation
public
schools
state
wholly
unclear
degree
prior
concern
control
state
satisfy
new
doctrine
addition
public
school
affairs
generally
state
taken
direct
interest
ending
racial
discrimination
schools
elsewhere
see
rev
code
et
seq
article
ix
state
constitution
specifically
prohibits
discrimination
public
schools
paramount
duty
state
make
ample
provision
education
children
residing
within
borders
without
distinction
preference
account
race
color
caste
sex
state
interpreted
section
state
constitution
prohibit
school
assignments
absence
violation
fourteenth
amendment
cf
citizens
mandatory
bussing
palmason
today
decision
one
thought
state
rendered
decision
without
violating
federal
constitution
responding
dissent
denies
opinion
limits
authority
people
state
washington
legislature
control
regulate
school
boards
state
remains
free
vest
decisionmaking
power
state
officials
remove
authority
local
school
boards
manner
ante
puzzling
statements
seem
entirely
odds
much
text
opinion
surprising
officials
state
washington
one
exception
mentioned
clear
idea
state
lawfully
may
say
state
restructuring
decisionmaking
process
impermissible
simple
repeal
seattle
plan
ante
apparently
saying
despite
else
may
said
opinion
people
state
state
legislature
may
repeal
seattle
plan
even
though
neither
people
legislature
validly
may
prescribe
statewide
standards
perceive
logic
certainly
constitutional
basis
distinction
repealing
seattle
plan
mandatory
busing
establishing
statewide
policy
effect
people
state
far
greater
interest
general
problems
associated
compelled
busing
purpose
integration
plan
single
school
board
former
school
board
member
many
years
accept
privilege
dissenting
justice
add
personal
note
view
local
school
board
responsible
people
district
serves
best
qualified
agency
state
government
make
decisions
affecting
education
within
district
policy
matter
favor
reversal
seattle
board
decision
experiment
reasonable
mandatory
busing
program
despite
doubts
educational
social
merit
program
see
estes
metropolitan
branches
dallas
naacp
powell
dissenting
case
present
question
educational
policy
even
merits
busing
racial
integration
question
one
state
sovereign
authority
structure
regulate
subordinate
bodies