cox
new
hampshire
argued
march
decided
march
hayden
covington
joseph
rutherford
brooklyn
appellants
frank
kenison
conway
appellee
chief
justice
hughes
delivered
opinion
appellants
five
witnesses
others
persuasion
convicted
municipal
manchester
new
hampshire
violation
state
statute
prohibiting
procession
upon
public
street
without
special
license
upon
appeal
trial
de
novo
appellants
jury
superior
defendants
agreed
abide
final
decision
proceeding
appellants
found
guilty
judgment
conviction
affirmed
state
state
cox
motions
exceptions
appellants
raised
questions
statute
invalid
fourteenth
amendment
constitution
deprived
appellants
rights
freedom
worship
freedom
speech
press
freedom
assembly
vested
unreasonable
unlimited
arbitrary
discriminatory
powers
licensing
authority
vague
indefinite
contentions
overruled
case
comes
appeal
statutory
prohibition
follows
new
hampshire
chap
sec
theatrical
dramatic
representation
shall
performed
exhibited
parade
procession
upon
public
street
way
public
meeting
upon
ground
abutting
thereon
shall
permitted
unless
special
license
therefor
shall
first
obtained
selectmen
town
licensing
committee
cities
hereinafter
provided
provisions
licensing
set
forth
margin
facts
conceded
appellants
established
evidence
defendants
twenty
persons
met
hall
city
manchester
evening
saturday
july
purpose
engaging
information
march
company
divided
four
five
groups
fifteen
twenty
persons
group
proceeded
different
part
business
district
city
line
formation
proceed
march
along
sidewalk
following
one
another
defendants
carried
small
staff
sign
reading
snare
racket
reverse
god
christ
king
marchers
carried
placards
bearing
statement
freedom
hear
judge
rutherford
face
facts
marchers
also
handed
printed
leaflets
announcing
meeting
held
later
time
hall
started
talk
government
given
public
free
charge
defendants
apply
permit
none
issued
dispute
evidence
distance
marchers
defendants
said
fifteen
twenty
feet
apart
state
insists
evidence
clearly
showed
close
together
possible
walk
appellants
concede
dispute
material
questions
presented
recital
facts
prefaced
opinion
state
thus
summarizes
effect
march
population
testimony
saturday
nights
hour
time
persons
passed
one
intersections
defendants
marched
marchers
interfered
normal
sidewalk
travel
technical
breach
peace
occurred
march
prearranged
affair
permit
sought
although
defendants
understood
statute
one
required
appellants
urge
defendants
minister
ordained
preach
gospel
accordance
belief
participation
ministers
march
purpose
disseminating
information
public
interest
one
ways
worship
sole
charge
appellants
part
parade
procession
public
streets
without
permit
statute
required
prosecuted
distributing
leaflets
conveying
information
placards
otherwise
issuing
invitations
public
meeting
holding
public
meeting
maintaining
expressing
religious
beliefs
right
one
things
apart
engaging
procession
upon
public
street
involved
question
validity
statute
addressed
sort
conduct
complained
us
appears
ground
challenging
ruling
state
appellants
fact
engaged
parade
procession
upon
public
streets
state
observed
march
formation
advertising
informatory
purpose
make
otherwise
immaterial
tactics
simple
enough
proceeded
ordered
close
file
collective
body
persons
city
streets
civil
liberties
guaranteed
constitution
imply
existence
organized
society
maintaining
public
order
without
liberty
lost
excesses
unrestrained
abuses
authority
municipality
impose
regulations
order
assure
safety
convenience
people
use
public
highways
never
regarded
inconsistent
civil
liberties
rather
one
means
safeguarding
good
order
upon
ultimately
depend
control
travel
streets
cities
familiar
illustration
recognition
social
need
restriction
use
highways
relation
designed
promote
public
convenience
interest
disregarded
attempted
exercise
civil
right
circumstances
entitled
protection
one
justified
ignoring
familiar
red
traffic
light
thought
religious
duty
disobey
municipal
command
sought
means
direct
public
attention
announcement
opinions
regulation
use
streets
parades
processions
traditional
exercise
control
local
government
question
particular
case
whether
control
exerted
deny
unwarrantedly
abridge
right
assembly
opportunities
communication
thought
discussion
public
questions
immemorially
associated
resort
public
places
lovell
griffin
hague
committee
industrial
tion
schneider
state
new
jersey
cantwell
connecticut
instant
case
aided
opinion
state
construed
statute
defined
limitations
authority
conferred
granting
licenses
parades
processions
observed
clause
act
requiring
license
public
meetings
upon
land
contiguous
highway
invalid
invalidity
nullify
act
application
situations
described
recognizing
importance
civil
liberties
invoked
appellants
thought
significant
statute
prescribed
measures
controlling
suppressing
publication
highways
facts
opinions
either
speech
writing
communication
distribution
literature
display
placards
signs
respect
regulated
statute
regulation
respect
parades
processions
applicable
organized
formations
persons
using
highways
defendants
separately
collectively
groups
constituting
parade
procession
contemplation
act
light
thought
interference
liberty
speech
writing
seemed
slight
distribution
pamphlets
folders
groups
unorganized
fashion
large
circulation
carried
members
groups
marching
formation
conspicuous
published
parade
procession
view
limited
objective
statute
state
considered
defined
duty
licensing
authority
rights
appellants
license
parade
regard
considerations
time
place
manner
conserve
public
convenience
obvious
advantage
requiring
application
permit
noted
giving
public
authorities
notice
advance
afford
opportunity
proper
policing
observed
fixing
time
place
license
served
prevent
confusion
overlapping
parades
processions
secure
convenient
use
streets
travelers
minimize
risk
disorder
held
licensing
board
vested
arbitrary
power
unfettered
discretion
discretion
must
exercised
method
treatment
upon
facts
application
free
improper
inappropriate
considerations
unfair
discrimination
consistent
order
treatment
reference
convenience
public
use
highways
statutory
mandate
defendants
said
right
act
license
march
required
investigation
found
convenience
public
use
streets
thereby
unduly
disturbed
upon
conditions
changes
time
place
manner
avoid
disturbance
municipality
authority
control
use
public
streets
parades
processions
undoubtedly
denied
authority
give
consideration
without
unfair
discrimination
time
place
manner
relation
proper
uses
streets
find
impossible
say
limited
authority
conferred
licensing
provisions
statute
question
thus
construed
state
contravened
constitutional
right
remains
question
license
fees
said
permissible
range
nominal
amount
construed
act
requiring
reasonable
fixing
amount
fee
charge
said
circus
parade
celebration
procession
length
drawing
crowds
observers
take
account
greater
public
expense
policing
spectacle
compared
slight
expense
less
expansive
attractive
parade
procession
charge
adjusted
fee
held
revenue
tax
one
meet
expense
incident
administration
act
maintenance
public
order
matter
licensed
nothing
contrary
constitution
charge
fee
limited
purpose
stated
suggestion
flat
fee
charged
fails
take
account
difficulty
framing
fair
schedule
meet
circumstances
perceive
constitutional
ground
denying
local
governments
flexibility
adjustment
fees
light
varying
conditions
tend
conserve
rather
impair
liberty
sought
evidence
statute
administered
otherwise
fair
manner
state
construed
require
decisions
upon
appellants
rely
applicable
lovell
griffin
supra
ordinance
prohibited
distribution
literature
kind
time
place
manner
without
permit
city
manager
thus
striking
foundation
freedom
press
subjecting
license
censorship
hague
committee
industrial
organization
supra
ordinance
dealt
exercise
right
assembly
purpose
communicating
views
make
comfort
convenience
use
streets
standard
official
action
enabled
local
official
absolutely
refuse
permit
mere
opinion
refusal
prevent
disturbances
disorderly
assemblage
nance
thus
created
record
disclosed
instrument
arbitrary
suppression
opinions
public
questions
said
official
suppression
privilege
made
substitute
duty
maintain
order
connection
exercise
right
schneider
state
supra
page
page
ordinance
directed
canvassing
banned
unlicensed
communication
views
advocacy
cause
door
door
subject
power
police
officer
determine
censor
literature
might
distributed
might
distribute
cantwell
connecticut
supra
page
page
statute
dealt
solicitation
funds
religious
causes
authorized
official
determine
whether
cause
religious
one
refuse
permit
determined
thus
establishing
censorship
religion
question
peaceful
picketing
involved
thornhill
alabama
carlson
people
california
statute
state
said
aimed
restraint
freedom
speech
basis
assumption
applied
prevent
peaceful
picketing
described
cases
cited
argument
freedom
worship
also
beside
point
interference
religious
worship
practice
religion
proper
sense
shown
exercise
local
control
use
streets
parades
processions
judgment
new
hampshire
affirmed
affirmed
footnotes
new
hampshire
chap
sections
follows
licensing
board
city
may
create
licensing
board
consist
person
active
head
police
department
mayor
city
one
person
shall
appointed
city
government
board
shall
delegated
powers
investigate
decide
question
granting
licenses
chapter
may
grant
revocable
blanket
licenses
fraternal
like
organizations
theatres
undertakers
licenses
fees
every
special
license
shall
writing
shall
specify
day
hour
permit
perform
exhibit
parade
procession
public
meeting
every
licensee
shall
pay
advance
license
use
city
town
sum
three
hundred
dollars
day
licensee
shall
perform
exhibit
parade
procession
public
meeting
shall
take
place
fee
license
exhibit
hall
shall
exceed
fifty
dollars
penalty
person
shall
violate
provisions
proceeding
sections
shall
fined
five
hundred
dollars
shall
duty
selectmen
prosecute
every
violation
chapter