manuel
city
joliet
illinois
et
argued
october
decided
march
traffic
stop
police
officers
joliet
illinois
searched
petitioner
elijah
manuel
found
vitamin
bottle
containing
pills
suspecting
pills
illegal
drugs
officers
conducted
field
test
came
back
negative
controlled
substance
still
arrested
manuel
took
police
station
evidence
technician
tested
pills
got
negative
result
claimed
report
one
pills
tested
positive
probable
presence
ecstasy
app
arresting
officer
also
reported
based
training
experience
knew
pills
ecstasy
basis
false
statements
another
officer
filed
sworn
complaint
charging
manuel
unlawful
possession
controlled
substance
relying
exclusively
complaint
county
judge
found
probable
cause
detain
manuel
pending
trial
manuel
jail
illinois
police
laboratory
tested
seized
pills
reported
contained
controlled
substances
manuel
remained
custody
spending
total
days
pretrial
detention
two
years
arrest
less
two
years
criminal
case
dismissed
manuel
filed
lawsuit
joliet
several
police
officers
collectively
city
alleging
arrest
detention
violated
fourth
amendment
district
dismissed
manuel
suit
holding
first
applicable
statute
limitations
barred
unlawful
arrest
claim
second
binding
circuit
precedent
pretrial
detention
following
start
legal
process
judge
determination
give
rise
fourth
amendment
claim
manuel
appealed
dismissal
unlawful
detention
claim
seventh
circuit
affirmed
held
manuel
may
challenge
pretrial
detention
fourth
amendment
grounds
conclusion
follows
settled
precedent
gerstein
pugh
decided
pretrial
detention
challenge
governed
fourth
amendment
noting
fourth
amendment
establishes
minimum
constitutional
standards
procedures
arrest
also
detention
always
thought
define
appropriate
process
seizures
person
criminal
cases
including
detention
suspects
pending
trial
albright
oliver
majority
looked
fourth
amendment
assess
pretrial
restraints
liberty
relying
gerstein
plurality
reiterated
fourth
amendment
relevan
constitutional
provision
assess
deprivations
liberty
go
hand
hand
criminal
prosecutions
see
souter
concurring
judgment
ules
recovery
harms
naturally
coalesced
fourth
amendment
pretrial
restraints
albright
arose
pursuant
legal
process
made
difference
given
allegedly
unsupported
probable
cause
reflected
cases
pretrial
detention
violate
fourth
amendment
precedes
also
follows
start
legal
process
fourth
amendment
prohibits
government
officials
detaining
person
absent
probable
cause
legal
process
gone
forward
done
nothing
satisfy
requirement
extinguish
detainee
fourth
amendment
claim
case
judge
determination
probable
cause
based
solely
fabricated
evidence
expunge
manuel
fourth
amendment
claim
reason
manuel
stated
fourth
amendment
claim
sought
relief
merely
arrest
also
pretrial
detention
pp
remand
seventh
circuit
determine
claim
accrual
date
unless
finds
city
previously
waived
timeliness
argument
look
common
law
torts
guidance
carey
piphus
also
closely
attending
values
purposes
constitutional
right
issue
may
also
consider
issues
relating
elements
rules
applicable
manuel
fourth
amendment
claim
pp
fed
appx
reversed
remanded
kagan
delivered
opinion
roberts
kennedy
ginsburg
breyer
sotomayor
joined
thomas
filed
dissenting
opinion
alito
filed
dissenting
opinion
thomas
joined
opinion
notice
opinion
subject
formal
revision
publication
preliminary
print
reports
readers
requested
notify
reporter
decisions
washington
typographical
formal
errors
order
corrections
may
made
preliminary
print
goes
press
elijah
manuel
petitioner
city
joliet
illinois
et
al
writ
certiorari
appeals
seventh
circuit
march
justice
kagan
delivered
opinion
petitioner
elijah
manuel
held
jail
seven
weeks
judge
relied
allegedly
fabricated
evidence
find
probable
cause
committed
crime
primary
question
case
whether
manuel
may
bring
claim
based
fourth
amendment
contest
legality
pretrial
confinement
answer
follows
settled
precedent
fourth
amendment
recognized
establishes
standards
procedures
governing
pretrial
detention
see
gerstein
pugh
constitutional
protections
apply
even
start
legal
process
criminal
case
judge
determination
probable
cause
see
albright
oliver
plurality
opinion
souter
concurring
judgment
accordingly
hold
today
manuel
may
challenge
pretrial
detention
ground
violated
fourth
amendment
leave
issues
including
one
claim
timeliness
shortly
midnight
march
manuel
riding
joliet
illinois
passenger
seat
dodge
charger
brother
wheel
pair
joliet
police
officers
pulled
car
driver
failed
signal
turn
see
app
according
complaint
case
one
officers
dragged
manuel
car
called
racial
slur
kicked
punched
lay
ground
see
policeman
searched
manuel
found
vitamin
bottle
containing
pills
see
suspecting
pills
actually
illegal
drugs
officers
conducted
field
test
bottle
contents
test
came
back
negative
controlled
substance
leaving
officers
evidence
manuel
committed
crime
see
still
officers
arrested
manuel
took
joliet
police
station
see
evidence
technician
tested
pills
got
negative
result
see
ibid
technician
lied
report
claiming
one
pills
found
positive
probable
presence
ecstasy
similarly
one
arresting
officers
wrote
report
rom
training
experience
knew
pills
ecstasy
basis
statements
another
officer
swore
criminal
complaint
manuel
charging
unlawful
possession
controlled
substance
see
manuel
brought
county
judge
later
day
determination
whether
probable
cause
charge
necessary
detention
see
gerstein
requiring
judicial
finding
probable
cause
following
warrantless
arrest
impose
significant
pretrial
restraint
liberty
comp
ch
west
implementing
constitutional
rule
judge
relied
exclusively
criminal
complaint
turn
relied
exclusively
police
department
fabrications
support
finding
probable
cause
based
determination
sent
manuel
county
jail
await
trial
somewhat
obscure
legal
lingo
case
manuel
subsequent
detention
thus
pursuant
legal
process
followed
authorized
judge
manuel
sat
jail
illinois
police
laboratory
reexamined
seized
pills
april
issued
report
concluding
prior
two
tests
contained
controlled
substances
see
app
unknown
reasons
prosecution
critically
case
manuel
detention
continued
another
month
may
assistant
state
attorney
seek
dismissal
drug
charge
see
county
immediately
granted
request
manuel
released
next
day
spent
days
pretrial
detention
april
manuel
brought
lawsuit
city
joliet
several
police
officers
collectively
city
section
creates
species
tort
liability
imbler
pachtman
deprivation
rights
privileges
immunities
secured
constitution
manuel
complaint
alleged
city
violated
fourth
amendment
rights
two
ways
first
arresting
roadside
without
reason
next
detaining
police
custody
almost
seven
weeks
based
entirely
evidence
see
app
district
dismissed
manuel
suit
see
wl
nd
first
held
applicable
statute
limitations
barred
manuel
claim
unlawful
arrest
two
years
elapsed
date
arrest
march
filing
complaint
april
relied
another
basis
rejecting
manuel
challenge
subsequent
detention
stretched
march
may
binding
circuit
precedent
district
explained
made
clear
pretrial
detention
following
start
legal
process
give
rise
fourth
amendment
claim
see
citing
newsome
mccabe
according
line
decisions
plaintiff
challenging
detention
must
allege
breach
due
process
clause
must
show
recover
theory
state
law
fails
provide
adequate
remedy
see
wl
manuel
complaint
rested
solely
fourth
amendment
event
illinois
remedies
robust
enough
preclude
due
process
avenue
district
found
manuel
way
proceed
see
ibid
appeals
seventh
circuit
affirmed
dismissal
manuel
claim
unlawful
detention
part
district
decision
manuel
appealed
see
fed
appx
invoking
prior
caselaw
appeals
reiterated
claims
brought
fourth
amendment
person
detained
pursuant
legal
process
stated
fourth
amendment
falls
picture
detainee
claim
detention
improper
becomes
one
due
process
quoting
llovet
chicago
arrest
person
let
go
fourth
amendment
gives
way
due
process
clause
basis
challenging
detention
fed
quoting
llovet
seventh
circuit
held
manuel
complaint
alleging
fourth
amendment
violation
rested
wrong
part
constitution
person
detained
following
onset
legal
process
although
agreed
illinois
challenge
pretrial
confinement
via
due
process
clause
see
fed
seventh
circuit
recognized
position
makes
outlier
among
courts
appeals
ten
others
taking
opposite
view
see
taylor
broad
consensus
among
circuits
fourth
amendment
right
free
seizure
upon
probable
cause
extends
pretrial
period
still
decided
manuel
failed
offer
sufficient
reason
overturning
settled
circuit
precedent
argument
albeit
strong
better
left
fed
cue
granted
certiorari
ii
fourth
amendment
protects
right
people
secure
persons
unreasonable
seizures
manuel
complaint
seeks
protection
government
officials
recounts
detained
say
seiz
ed
manuel
days
following
arrest
see
app
brendlin
california
person
seized
whenever
officials
restrain
freedom
movement
free
leave
detention
complaint
continues
based
solely
false
evidence
rather
supported
probable
cause
see
app
bailey
general
rule
fourth
amendment
seizures
based
probable
cause
believe
individual
committed
crime
respective
terms
manuel
claim
fits
fourth
amendment
fourth
amendment
fits
manuel
claim
hand
glove
decided
four
decades
ago
claim
challenging
pretrial
detention
fell
within
scope
fourth
amendment
gerstein
two
persons
arrested
without
warrant
brought
suit
complaining
held
custody
substantial
period
solely
decision
prosecutor
looked
fourth
amendment
analyze
uphold
claim
pretrial
restraint
liberty
unlawful
unless
judge
grand
jury
first
makes
reliable
finding
probable
cause
see
fourth
amendment
began
establishes
minimum
constitutional
standards
procedures
arrest
also
ensuing
detention
choosing
amendment
rationale
decision
responded
concurring
justice
view
due
process
clause
offered
better
framework
fourth
amendment
majority
countered
tailored
explicitly
criminal
justice
system
always
thought
define
appropriate
process
seizures
person
criminal
cases
including
detention
suspects
pending
trial
amendment
standing
alone
guaranteed
fair
reliable
determination
probable
cause
condition
significant
pretrial
restraint
accordingly
detained
prior
trial
without
finding
appeal
fourth
amendment
protection
unfounded
invasions
liberty
see
later
decision
indicates
objecting
pretrial
deprivation
liberty
may
invoke
fourth
amendment
deprivation
occurs
legal
process
commences
plaintiff
albright
complained
various
pretrial
restraints
imposed
found
probable
cause
issue
arrest
warrant
bind
trial
based
policeman
unfounded
charges
see
plurality
opinion
uncertain
reasons
albright
ignored
fourth
amendment
drafting
complaint
instead
alleged
defendant
officer
infringed
substantive
due
process
rights
rejected
claim
five
justices
two
opinions
remitting
albright
fourth
amendment
see
plurality
opinion
hold
fourth
amendment
claim
must
judged
souter
concurring
judgment
njuries
like
alleges
cognizable
claims
founded
upon
fourth
amendment
framers
plurality
wrote
considered
matter
pretrial
deprivations
liberty
drafted
fourth
amendment
address
deprivations
issue
pursuant
legal
process
made
difference
given
allegedly
unsupported
probable
cause
indeed
neither
two
opinions
much
mentioned
procedural
circumstance
relying
gerstein
plurality
stated
fourth
amendment
remained
relevan
constitutional
provision
assess
deprivations
liberty
notably
pretrial
detention
go
hand
hand
criminal
prosecutions
see
souter
concurring
judgment
ules
recovery
harms
naturally
coalesced
fourth
amendment
reflected
albright
tracking
gerstein
analysis
pretrial
detention
violate
fourth
amendment
precedes
also
follows
start
legal
process
criminal
case
fourth
amendment
prohibits
government
officials
detaining
person
absence
probable
cause
see
supra
happen
police
hold
someone
without
reason
formal
onset
criminal
proceeding
also
occur
legal
process
goes
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judge
determination
predicated
solely
police
officer
false
statements
person
confined
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constitutionally
adequate
justification
legal
process
gone
forward
done
nothing
satisfy
fourth
amendment
requirement
reason
extinguish
detainee
fourth
amendment
claim
somehow
seventh
circuit
held
convert
claim
one
founded
due
process
clause
see
fed
complaint
form
legal
process
resulted
pretrial
detention
unsupported
probable
cause
right
allegedly
infringed
lies
fourth
reason
contrary
seventh
circuit
view
manuel
stated
fourth
amendment
claim
sought
relief
merely
arrest
also
pretrial
consider
facts
alleged
case
police
officers
initially
arrested
manuel
without
probable
cause
based
solely
possession
pills
field
tested
negative
illegal
substance
putting
timeliness
issues
aside
manuel
bring
claim
wrongful
arrest
fourth
amendment
true
disregarding
timeliness
claim
wrongful
detention
manuel
subsequent
weeks
custody
also
unsupported
probable
cause
also
constitutionally
unreasonable
evidence
manuel
criminality
come
light
roadside
arrest
county
proceeding
initiating
legal
process
contrary
yet
another
test
pills
come
back
negative
period
judge
police
fabrications
pills
content
judge
order
holding
manuel
trial
therefore
lacked
proper
basis
means
manuel
ensuing
pretrial
detention
less
original
arrest
violated
fourth
amendment
rights
put
bit
differently
legal
process
expunge
manuel
fourth
amendment
claim
process
received
failed
establish
amendment
makes
essential
pretrial
detention
probable
cause
believe
committed
iii
holding
fourth
amendment
governs
claim
unlawful
pretrial
detention
even
beyond
start
legal
process
exhaust
disputed
legal
issues
case
addresses
threshold
inquiry
suit
requires
courts
identify
specific
constitutional
right
issue
albright
pinpointing
right
courts
still
must
determine
elements
rules
associated
action
seeking
damages
violation
see
carey
piphus
parties
particularly
disagree
accrual
date
manuel
fourth
amendment
claim
date
applicable
statute
limitations
began
run
timeliness
manuel
suit
hinges
choice
proposed
dates
following
brief
comments
remand
issue
defining
contours
prerequisites
claim
including
rule
accrual
courts
look
first
common
law
torts
see
ibid
explaining
tort
principles
provide
appropriate
starting
point
specifying
conditions
recovery
wallace
kato
accrual
dates
particular
sometimes
review
common
law
lead
adopt
wholesale
rules
apply
suit
involving
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tort
see
heck
humphrey
always
principles
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guide
rather
control
definition
claims
serving
source
inspired
examples
prefabricated
components
hartman
moore
see
rehberg
paulk
noting
simply
federalized
amalgamation
claims
applying
selecting
among
adjusting
approaches
courts
must
closely
attend
values
purposes
constitutional
right
issue
precepts
backdrop
manuel
city
offer
competing
views
accrual
rule
govern
suit
challenging
pretrial
detention
according
manuel
fourth
amendment
claim
accrues
upon
dismissal
criminal
charges
may
less
two
years
brought
suit
see
reply
brief
brief
amicus
curiae
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position
relying
caselaw
manuel
analogizes
claim
tort
malicious
prosecution
see
reply
brief
wallace
element
tort
termination
proceeding
favor
accused
accordingly
statute
limitations
start
run
termination
takes
place
heck
argues
following
rule
suits
like
avoid
conflicting
resolutions
litigation
criminal
proceedings
preclud
ing
possibility
claimant
succeeding
tort
action
convicted
underlying
criminal
prosecution
see
reply
brief
brief
amicus
curiae
support
manuel
position
two
ten
courts
appeals
recognized
fourth
amendment
claim
like
incorporated
favorable
termination
element
pegged
statute
limitations
dismissal
criminal
case
see
means
great
majority
circuits
manuel
claim
timely
city
however
contends
fourth
amendment
claim
accrues
limitations
period
starts
run
date
initiation
legal
process
march
two
years
manuel
filed
suit
see
brief
respondents
according
city
analogous
tort
manuel
constitutional
claim
malicious
prosecution
false
arrest
accrues
legal
process
commences
see
tr
oral
arg
wallace
noting
accrual
rule
false
arrest
suits
even
malicious
prosecution
better
comparison
city
continues
decline
adopt
tort
element
associated
accrual
rule
adjudicating
claim
involving
pretrial
detention
element
city
argues
make
little
sense
context
fourth
amendment
concerned
outcome
prosecution
legality
searches
seizures
brief
respondents
finally
city
contends
manuel
forfeited
alternative
theory
treating
date
release
date
accrual
wit
pretrial
detention
constitute
continuing
fourth
amendment
violation
day
triggered
statute
limitations
anew
see
tr
oral
arg
see
also
albright
ginsburg
concurring
propounding
similar
view
manuel
city
concludes
lost
opportunity
recover
pretrial
detention
waiting
long
file
suit
leave
consideration
dispute
appeals
review
first
view
cutter
wilkinson
seventh
circuit
wrongly
held
manuel
lacked
fourth
amendment
claim
legal
process
began
never
addressed
elements
rules
applicable
claim
particular
never
confronted
accrual
issue
parties
contest
remand
appeals
decide
question
unless
finds
city
previously
waived
timeliness
argument
see
reply
brief
opposition
addressing
possibility
waiver
tr
oral
arg
may
consider
issues
relating
contours
manuel
fourth
amendment
claim
unlawful
pretrial
detention
reasons
stated
reverse
judgment
seventh
circuit
remand
case
proceedings
consistent
opinion
ordered
thomas
dissenting
elijah
manuel
petitioner
city
joliet
illinois
et
al
writ
certiorari
appeals
seventh
circuit
march
justice
thomas
dissenting
join
justice
alito
opinion
full
write
separately
regarding
accrual
date
fourth
amendment
claim
justice
alito
suggests
claim
unreasonable
seizure
based
warrantless
arrest
might
accrue
first
appearance
illinois
law
initial
appearance
federal
law
ordinarily
represents
first
judicial
determination
probable
cause
kind
arrest
rather
time
arrest
see
post
dissenting
opinion
see
also
wallace
kato
taking
similar
approach
events
correct
one
purposes
accrual
makes
difference
case
arrest
first
appearance
occurred
two
years
petitioner
filed
suit
see
ante
see
also
wallace
supra
petitioner
claim
untimely
regardless
whether
accrued
day
arrest
first
appearance
leave
another
case
one
question
dispositive
whether
claim
accrue
date
first
appearance
appearance
occurred
day
arrest
think
answer
question
might
turn
meaning
seizure
rather
presence
absence
form
legal
process
see
post
describing
ordinary
meaning
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alito
dissenting
elijah
manuel
petitioner
city
joliet
illinois
et
al
writ
certiorari
appeals
seventh
circuit
march
justice
alito
justice
thomas
joins
dissenting
agree
holding
point
protection
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fourth
amendment
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process
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mean
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first
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law
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federal
law
comp
ch
west
supp
fed
rule
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proc
means
specifically
new
fourth
amendment
claims
continue
accrue
long
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far
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question
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decide
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claim
malicious
prosecution
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question
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claim
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process
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manuel
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writ
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decide
follows
hether
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amendment
right
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seizure
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beyond
legal
process
allow
malicious
prosecution
claim
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upon
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amendment
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left
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albright
oliver
since
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
circuits
held
fourth
amendment
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prosecution
claim
cognizable
section
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circuit
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question
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claim
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prosecution
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centerpiece
manuel
argument
favor
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unless
manuel
given
benefit
unique
accrual
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prosecution
claims
claim
untimely
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take
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claim
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amendment
see
ibid
manuel
asked
us
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question
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critical
ultimate
success
lawsuit
statute
limitations
manuel
claim
illinois
general
statute
limitations
torts
see
wallace
kato
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suit
brought
within
two
years
accrual
claim
see
comp
ch
west
chronology
relevant
events
case
march
manuel
arrested
brought
county
judge
makes
required
finding
manuel
arrested
without
warrant
march
manuel
indicted
grand
jury
april
manuel
arraigned
may
assistant
state
attorney
moves
dismiss
charges
motion
granted
may
manuel
released
jail
april
manuel
files
complaint
since
statute
limitations
requires
commencement
suit
within
two
years
accrual
manuel
claim
untimely
unless
accrued
april
events
chronology
occurred
within
time
frame
dismissal
charge
release
custody
claim
malicious
prosecution
accrue
criminal
proceedings
terminated
plaintiff
favor
heck
humphrey
see
restatement
second
torts
none
torts
manuel
claim
might
compared
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arrest
false
imprisonment
accrual
date
see
wallace
supra
holding
claim
false
imprisonment
fourth
amendment
accrues
claimant
becomes
detained
pursuant
legal
process
therefore
manuel
case
go
forward
essential
claim
treated
like
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prosecution
claim
although
refuses
decide
whether
manuel
claim
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prosecution
claim
based
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amendment
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inquiry
suit
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isolate
precise
constitutional
violation
defendant
charged
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mccollan
case
manuel
charges
seized
without
probable
cause
violation
fourth
amendment
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wilson
garcia
manuel
says
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prosecution
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make
claim
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plaintiff
generally
must
show
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also
heck
supra
severe
mismatch
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fourth
amendment
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defendants
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named
fourth
amendment
seizure
cases
namely
law
enforcement
officers
lack
authority
initiate
dismiss
prosecution
see
prosser
keeton
authority
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prosecutors
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enforcement
officer
including
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responsible
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arrest
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jury
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examination
see
comp
ch
west
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rule
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trial
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faith
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element
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prosecution
claim
firmly
established
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amendment
standard
reasonableness
fundamentally
objective
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ashcroft
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amendment
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culpable
conduct
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ill
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act
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claim
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prosecution
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fourth
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proceedings
cases
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brought
prove
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amendment
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see
wallace
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claim
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token
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crime
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suit
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charge
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state
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like
manuel
manuel
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arrest
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like
manuel
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wilson
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amendment
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manuel
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petition
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manuel
suit
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circuit
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square
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time
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term
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webster
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seizure
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ed
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ed
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rom
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webster
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stretch
ing
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words
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arrest
members
congress
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state
legislatures
ratified
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term
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entirety
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weeks
months
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oliver
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comp
ch
west
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process
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jury
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cause
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examination
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fit
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violated
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four
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ibid
emphasis
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way
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text
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respectfully
dissent
footnotes
review
order
dismissing
manuel
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accept
true
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allegations
complaint
see
leatherman
tarrant
county
narcotics
intelligence
coordination
unit
although
addressed
manuel
complaint
police
department
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fabrications
stop
initial
hearing
probable
cause
two
weeks
later
march
grand
jury
indicted
manuel
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jury
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manuel
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onset
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process
meaning
county
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supra
police
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manuel
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initial
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arrest
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reply
brief
see
also
singer
fulton
county
sheriff
mckenna
philadelphia
lambert
williams
castellano
fragozo
en
banc
sykes
anderson
galbraith
county
santa
clara
wilkins
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traylor
pitt
district
columbia
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gerstein
county
riverside
mclaughlin
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jurisdiction
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provide
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gerstein
demanded
prerequisite
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detention
holding
decision
occur
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hours
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task
articulat
ing
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boundaries
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scalia
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wallace
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ed
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amendment
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circuit
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amendment
claim
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led
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claiming
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kind
pretrial
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process
grand
jury
indictment
preliminary
examination
expunge
fourth
amendment
claim
see
post
opinion
alito
raising
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ing
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manuel
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date
grand
jury
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county
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said
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principled
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amendment
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precise
form
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amendment
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see
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trial
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person
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process
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fourteenth
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jackson
virginia
invalidating
conviction
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process
clause
record
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reasonably
support
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doubt
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louisville
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record
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entirely
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gerstein
albright
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words
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amendment
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gerstein
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two
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ninth
circuits
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whether
fourth
amendment
claim
like
manuel
includes
favorable
termination
element
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us
address
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ground
conflict
malicious
prosecution
question
centerpiece
manuel
argument
favor
certiorari
post
decision
implicate
conflict
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prosecution
question
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circuit
holding
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like
manuel
bring
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amendment
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whether
claim
resemble
malicious
prosecution
tort
manuel
petition
certiorari
suggest
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principal
part
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process
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cert
exactly
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rest
manuel
question
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express
view
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affirmative
answer
allow
malicious
prosecution
claim
ibid
dissent
notes
seventh
circuit
recounted
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stated
manuel
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contra
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defends
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circuit
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relied
newsome
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holding
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prosecution
claim
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brought
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manuel
argues
reconsider
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claim
malicious
prosecution
fourth
amendment
regardless
available
state
remedy
count
circuits
recognized
federal
claims
fourth
amendment
fed
appx
refused
overrule
newsome
said
manuel
argument
better
left
ibid
manuel
petition
writ
certiorari
repeatedly
made
point
see
pet
cert
seventh
circuit
stands
alone
among
circuits
allowing
federal
malicious
prosecution
claim
grounded
fourth
amendment
ten
federal
circuits
correctly
hold
malicious
prosecution
actionable
fourth
amendment
section
claim
ibid
ight
circuits
held
malicious
prosecution
cognizable
section
fourth
amendment
claim
decisions
cited
conflict
decision
involved
malicious
prosecution
claims
described
see
wallace
noted
alse
arrest
false
imprisonment
overlap
decided
refer
two
torts
together
false
imprisonment
logic
apparent
reason
even
judgment
conviction
cut
accrual
new
fourth
amendment
claims
based
use
fabricated
evidence
writes
othing
nature
legal
proceeding
establishing
probable
cause
makes
difference
purposes
fourth
amendment
ante
proceeding
tainted
fabricated
evidence
result
probable
cause
lacking
continues
ensuing
pretrial
detention
violates
confined
person
fourth
amendment
rights
reasons
stated
ibid
although
inserts
word
pretrial
sentence
logic
provides
reason
limitation
fourth
amendment
seizure
continues
long
person
detained
reason
incarceration
conviction
regarded
continuing
seizure
asserts
fourth
amendment
drops
picture
trial
explain
facilities
house
pretrial
detainees
prisoners
serving
sentences
detainee
transferred
following
conviction
section
detainees
section
prisoners
transfer
render
person
unseized
authority
proposition
grand
jury
indictment
determination
probable
cause
adversary
proceeding
may
intervening
cause
cuts
liability
unlawful
arrest
see
wallace
kato
prosser
keeton
decide
question