schriro director arizona department corrections landrigan aka hill argued january decided may respondent landrigan refused allow counsel present testimony birth mother mitigating evidence sentencing hearing conviction also interrupted counsel tried proffer evidence told arizona trial judge wish present mitigating evidence bring death penalty sentenced death sentence affirmed state postconviction rejected landrigan claim counsel ineffective failing conduct investigation mitigating circumstances finding instructed counsel sentencing present mitigating evidence landrigan filed federal habeas petition exercising discretion district refused grant evidentiary hearing make even colorable claim en banc ninth circuit reversed holding landrigan counsel performance fell standard required strickland washington held district abuse discretion refusing grant landrigan evidentiary hearing pp antiterrorism effective death penalty act aedpa changed basic rule decision grant evidentiary hearing left district sound discretion changed standards granting federal habeas relief prohibiting relief unless state adjudication resulted decision contrary involved unreasonable application clearly established federal law determined based unreasonable determination facts light evidence presented state proceeding deferential standards control whether grant habeas relief federal must take account standards deciding whether evidentiary hearing appropriate deciding whether grant evidentiary hearing federal must consider whether hearing enable applicant prove petition factual allegations true entitle applicant federal habeas relief follows record refutes applicant factual allegations otherwise precludes habeas relief district required hold evidentiary hearing pp contrary ninth circuit reasoning district well within discretion determine even benefit evidentiary hearing landrigan develop factual record entitling federal habeas relief pp ninth circuit concluded arizona state courts findings landrigan instructed counsel offer mitigating evidence took landrigan sentencing colloquy context amounting unreasonable determination facts however colloquy language plainly indicates landrigan told counsel present mitigating evidence record conclusively dispels circuit conclusion landrigan statements referred birth mother testimony record state determination landrigan refused allow presentation mitigating evidence reasonable determination facts thus abuse discretion district conclude landrigan overcome bar granting federal habeas relief entitled conclude regardless information counsel might uncovered investigation landrigan interrupted refused allow present thus conclude established recalcitrance landrigan demonstrate prejudice strickland even granted evidentiary hearing pp ninth circuit also erred finding two alternative reasons holding concluded arizona courts determination landrigan claims frivolous meritless unreasonable application precedent based belief derived wiggins smith last minute decision block testimony excuse counsel failure adequate investigation sentencing however never addressed situation client interferes counsel efforts present mitigating evidence sentencing thus objectively unreasonable arizona postconviction conclude defendant refused allow mitigating evidence presented establish strickland prejudice based counsel failure investigate possible mitigating evidence ninth circuit also found record indicate landrigan decision informed knowing understood consequences never held informed knowing requirement exists respect decision introduce mitigating evidence even assuming requirement exists case landrigan benefit first never developed claim properly arizona courts barred district granting evidentiary hearing basis second counsel told sentencing landrigan presence carefully explained landrigan importance mitigating evidence death penalty cases duty counsel disclose mitigating factors consideration light landrigan demonstrated propensity interjecting proceedings doubtful sat idly counsel lied discussions third apparent landrigan statement sentencing bring death penalty clearly understood consequences telling judge relevant mitigating circumstances pp ninth circuit also erred rejecting district finding poor quality landrigan alleged mitigating evidence prevented making colorable prejudice claim evidence landrigan wishes offer offered birth mother allowed testify sentencing much evidence way counsel proffer district reasonably conclude additional evidence made difference sentencing pp even assuming truth facts landrigan sought prove evidentiary hearing still granted federal habeas relief state courts factual determination allowed counsel present mitigating evidence sentencing unreasonable determination facts mitigating evidence seeks introduce changed result pp reversed remanded thomas delivered opinion roberts scalia kennedy alito joined stevens filed dissenting opinion souter ginsburg breyer joined dora schriro director arizona ment corrections petitioner jeffrey timothy landrigan aka billy patrick wayne hill writ certiorari appeals ninth circuit may justice thomas delivered opinion cases applicant federal habeas relief barred obtaining evidentiary hearing decision grant hearing rests discretion district district determined respondent make colorable claim ineffective assistance counsel therefore entitled evidentiary hearing reviewing record expanding record include additional evidence offered respondent appeals held district abused discretion refusing grant hearing hold respondent jeffrey landrigan convicted oklahoma murder custody murder landrigan repeatedly stabbed another inmate subsequently convicted assault battery deadly weapon three years later landrigan escaped prison murdered chester dean dyer arizona arizona jury found landrigan guilty theft burglary felony murder caused victim death course burglary sentencing landrigan counsel attempted present testimony landrigan birth mother mitigating evidence landrigan request women refused testify trial judge asked witnesses refused landrigan counsel responded client wishes app pet cert counsel explained advised landrigan strongly think much interests take particular position ibid questioned landrigan landrigan instructed lawyer wish bring mitigating circumstances attention defendant yeah know means defendant yeah landrigan mitigating circumstances aware defendant far concerned still satisfied trial judge directly asked witnesses testify refused judge asked counsel make proffer witnesses testimony counsel attempted explain witnesses testify landrigan birth mother used drugs alcohol including pregnant landrigan landrigan abused drugs alcohol landrigan good father landrigan none counsel tried explain landrigan worked legitimate job provide family landrigan interrupted stated wanted heard wife say landrigan explained working also robberies supporting family counsel characterized landrigan first murder elements landrigan interrupted clarified grab stabbed responding counsel statement implying prison stabbing involved assaulted inmate knew landrigan first murder victim landrigan interrupted clarify inmate acquainted first victim guy got argument stabbed times lucky lived ibid conclusion sentencing hearing judge asked landrigan anything say landrigan made brief statement concluded think want give death penalty bring right ready trial judge found two statutory aggravating circumstances landrigan murdered dyer expectation pecuniary gain landrigan previously convicted two felonies involving use threat violence another person addition judge found two nonstatutory mitigating circumstances landrigan family loved absence premeditation ibid finally trial judge stated considered landrigan person scruples regard human life human beings ibid based findings sentenced landrigan death direct appeal arizona unanimously affirmed landrigan sentence conviction addressing claim relevant noted landrigan stated desire mitigating evidence presented behalf state landrigan january landrigan filed petition state postconviction relief alleged counsel fail ure explore additional grounds arguing mitigation evidence app pet cert internal quotation marks omitted specifically landrigan maintained counsel investigated biological component violent behavior interviewing biological father relatives addition landrigan stated biological father confirm biological mother used drugs alcohol pregnant landrigan ibid arizona postconviction presided judge tried sentenced landrigan rejected landrigan claim found landrigan instructed attorney present evidence sentencing hearing difficult comprehend landrigan claim counsel presented evidence sentencing noting landrigan contention mitigating evidence presented concluded landrigan statements sentencing belie sense cooperation ibid describing landrigan claim frivolous declined hold evidentiary hearing dismissed landrigan petition arizona denied landrigan petition review june landrigan filed federal habeas application district determined expand ing record include evidence landrigan troubled background history drug alcohol abuse family history criminal behavior landrigan demonstrate prejudiced error counsel may made landrigan make even colorable claim district refused grant evidentiary hearing appeal unanimous panel appeals ninth circuit affirmed full granted rehearing en banc landrigan stewart reversed en banc appeals held landrigan entitled evidentiary hearing raised colorable claim counsel performance fell standard required strickland washington respect counsel performance ninth circuit found little prepare sentencing aspect case investigation revealed wealth mitigating evidence including family history drug alcohol abuse propensity violence turning prejudice held arizona postconviction determination landrigan refused permit counsel present mitigating evidence determination facts quoting appeals found landrigan stated want counsel present mitigating evidence clearly referring evidence attorney introduce birth mother held even landrigan intended forgo presentation mitigation evidence decision excuse counsel failure conduct adequate investigation prior sentencing conclusion found reasonable probability landrigan allegations true sentencing judge reached different conclusion therefore remanded case evidentiary hearing granted certiorari reverse ii prior antiterrorism effective death penalty act aedpa stat decision grant evidentiary hearing generally left sound discretion district courts brown allen see also townsend sain basic rule changed see rule judge must review answer transcripts records proceedings determine whether evidentiary hearing warranted aedpa however changed standards granting federal habeas aedpa congress prohibited federal courts granting habeas relief unless state adjudication claim resulted decision contrary involved unreasonable application clearly established federal law determined relevant decision based unreasonable determination facts light evidence presented state proceeding question aedpa whether federal believes state determination incorrect whether determination unreasonable substantially higher threshold see williams taylor aedpa also requires federal habeas courts presume correctness state courts factual findings unless applicants rebut presumption clear convincing evidence deciding whether grant evidentiary hearing federal must consider whether hearing enable applicant prove petition factual allegations true entitle applicant federal habeas relief see mayes gibson deferential standards prescribed control whether grant habeas relief federal must take account standards deciding whether evidentiary hearing appropriate see whether applicant allegations proven entitle habeas relief question governed aedpa follows record refutes applicant factual allegations otherwise precludes habeas relief district required hold evidentiary hearing ninth circuit recognized point cases holding evidentiary hearing required issues resolved reference state record totten merkle emphasis deleted affirming denial evidentiary hearing applicant factual allegations fl ew face logic light applicant deliberate acts easily discernible record approach unique ninth circuit see anderson attorney general holding evidentiary hearing required applicant allegations contravened existing record cf clark johnson holding hearing required applicant failed present clear convincing evidence rebut state factual findings campbell vaughn principle accords aedpa acknowledged purpose reduc ing delays execution state federal criminal sentences woodford garceau citing williams taylor supra opinion stevens congress wished curb delays prevent federal habeas give effect state convictions extent possible law district courts required allow federal habeas applicants develop even insubstantial factual allegations evidentiary hearings district courts forced reopen factual disputes conclusively resolved state courts standards mind turn facts case iii several reasons appeals believed landrigan might entitled federal habeas relief district therefore abused discretion denying landrigan evidentiary hearing contrary district well within discretion determine even benefit evidentiary hearing landrigan develop factual record entitle habeas relief appeals first addressed state contention landrigan instructed counsel offer mitigating evidence landrigan issued instruction counsel failure investigate prejudicial strickland appeals rejected findings arizona direct appeal arizona superior habeas review landrigan instructed counsel introduce mitigating evidence according ninth circuit findings took landrigan colloquy sentencing context manner amounts determination facts quoting upon review record material transcripts state courts disagree threshold matter language colloquy plainly indicates landrigan informed counsel present mitigating evidence arizona trial judge asked landrigan instructed lawyer present mitigating evidence landrigan responded affirmatively likewise asked relevant mitigating evidence landrigan answered far concerned app pet cert statements establish arizona postconviction determination facts reasonable worth noting judge presiding postconviction review ideally situated make assessment judge sentenced landrigan discussed issues notwithstanding plainness statements appeals concluded referred specific testimony counsel planned offer landrigan birth mother appeals concluded landrigan due counsel failure investigate known mitigating evidence wants explore record conclusively dispels interpretation first landrigan birth mother offered testimony overlaps evidence landrigan wants present example landrigan wants present evidence biological father confirm biological mother alcohol drug use pregnancy record shows counsel planned call landrigan birth mother testify drug us pregnancy possible effects drug use second landrigan interrupted repeatedly counsel tried proffer anything considered mitigating even refused allow attorney proffer worked regular job one point behavior confirms plain transcript colloquy landrigan undermined presentation mitigating evidence attorney might uncovered record us arizona determination landrigan refused allow presentation mitigating evidence reasonable determination facts regard agree initial appeals panel reviewed case constellation refusals mitigating evidence presented case surely bright star case illuminate state client mind nature counsel dilemma quite brightly one flashes insight fulgurous record supplies landrigan stewart arizona postconviction reasonably determined landrigan instructed attorney bring mitigation attention sentencing app pet cert abuse discretion district conclude landrigan overcome bar granting federal habeas relief district entitled conclude regardless information counsel might uncovered investigation landrigan interrupted refused allow counsel present evidence accordingly district conclude established recalcitrance landrigan demonstrate prejudice strickland even granted evidentiary hearing appeals offered two alternative reasons holding landrigan inability make showing prejudice strickland bar potential habeas relief thus evidentiary hearing appeals held even landrigan want mitigating evidence presented arizona courts determination landrigan claims unreasonable application precedent citing holding founded belief derived wiggins smith landrigan apparently decision excuse counsel failure conduct adequate investigation prior sentencing neither wiggins strickland addresses situation client interferes counsel efforts present mitigating evidence sentencing wiggins supra focus whether investigation supporting counsel decision introduce mitigating evidence wiggins background reasonable emphasis added deleted indeed never addressed situation like rompilla beard appeals also relied defendant refused assist development mitigation case inform want mitigating evidence presented short time arizona postconviction decision objectively unreasonable conclude defendant refused allow presentation mitigating evidence establish strickland prejudice based counsel failure investigate possible mitigating evidence appeals also stated record indicate landrigan decision present mitigating evidence informed knowing trial dialogue landrigan tells us little understanding consequences decision ibid never imposed informed knowing requirement upon defendant decision introduce evidence iowa tovar explaining waiver right counsel must knowing intelligent even assuming however informed knowing requirement exists case landrigan benefit three reasons first landrigan never presented claim arizona rather argued complied evidence offered thus landrigan failed develop claim properly arizona courts therefore barred district granting evidentiary hearing basis second landrigan presence counsel told sentencing carefully explained landrigan importance mitigating evidence especially concerning fact state seeking death penalty app pet cert counsel also told explained landrigan counsel duty disclose mitigating factors th ourt consideration regarding sentencing ibid light landrigan demonstrated propensity interjecting proceedings doubtful landrigan sat idly counsel lied previously discussed issues landrigan counsel conceded oral argument never required specific colloquy ensure defendant knowingly intelligently refused present mitigating evidence tr oral arg third appeals overlooked landrigan final statement sentencing think want give death penalty bring right ready app pet cert apparent statement landrigan clearly understood consequences telling judge far concerned mitigating circumstances aware iv finally appeals erred rejecting district finding poor quality landrigan alleged mitigating evidence prevented making colorable claim prejudice app pet cert summarized appeals landrigan wanted introduce mitigation evidence exposed alcohol drugs utero may resulted cognitive behavioral deficiencies consistent fetal alcohol syndrome abandoned birth mother suffered abandonment attachment issues well behavioral problems throughout childhood adoptive mother also alcoholic landrigan alcohol substance abuse began early age based biological family history violence landrigan claims may also genetically predisposed violence explained last sentence refer information landrigan birth mother offered landrigan allowed testify indeed state postconviction much evidence way counsel proffer app pet cert district reasonably conclude additional evidence made difference sentencing sum district abuse discretion finding landrigan establish prejudice based counsel failure present evidence wishes offer landrigan mitigation evidence weak postconviction well acquainted landrigan exceedingly violent past seen first hand belligerent behavior difficult improve upon initial appeals panel conclusion prospect chilling years age landrigan murdered one man repeatedly stabbed another one escaped prison within two months murdered still another man arizona aptly put dealing one landrigan claims comments sentencing judge defendant failed show remorse offer mitigating evidence flaunted menacing behavior record assuring genetics made way helpful prejudice citations omitted appeals erred holding district abused discretion declining grant landrigan evidentiary hearing even assuming truth facts landrigan sought prove evidentiary hearing still granted federal habeas relief state courts factual determination landrigan allowed counsel present mitigating evidence sentencing unreasonable determination facts mitigating evidence seeks introduce changed result circumstances district discretion deny evidentiary hearing judgment appeals ninth circuit reversed case remanded proceedings consistent opinion ordered dora schriro director arizona department corrections petitioner jeffrey timothy landrigan aka billy patrick wayne hill writ certiorari appeals ninth circuit may justice stevens justice souter justice ginsburg justice breyer join dissenting significant mitigating evidence evidence may well explained respondent criminal conduct unruly behavior capital sentencing hearing unknown time sentencing years later respondent learn suffers serious psychological condition sheds important light earlier actions reason mitigating evidence unavailable respondent counsel failed conduct constitutionally adequate investigation see wiggins smith spite holds respondent entitled evidentiary hearing explore prejudicial impact counsel inadequate representation reasons respondent waived right introduce mitigating evidence counsel might uncovered ante evidence made difference sentencing anyway ante without benefit evidentiary hearing pure guesswork decision rests parsimonious appraisal capital defendant constitutional right sentencing decision reflect meaningful consideration relevant mitigating evidence see quarterman skipper south carolina lockett ohio begrudging appreciation need knowing intelligent waiver constitutionally protected trial rights see schneckloth bustamonte johnson zerbst cramped reading record unlike en banc appeals properly accounted important constitutional factual considerations narrow holding district abused discretion denying respondent evidentiary hearing affirmed see townsend sain see also rule supp iv one even seriously contends counsel investigation possible mitigating evidence constitutionally sufficient see wiggins strickland washington indeed majority dissenting judges en banc appeals agreed counsel limited investigation landrigan background fell standards professional representation prevailing time sentencing hearing bea dissenting see record us appears landrigan counsel little prepare sentencing aspect case comparison results minimal investigation counsel amount available mitigating evidence landrigan claims available leaves us grave doubts whether landrigan received effective assistance counsel penalty phase proceeding list evidence counsel failed investigate long instance counsel complete psychological evaluation respondent know uncovered serious organic brain disorder failed consult expert explore effects respondent birth mother drinking drug use pregnancy never developed history respondent troubled childhood adoptive family childhood marked physical emotional abuse neglect adoptive parents serious substance abuse problems including overdose eighth ninth grade classroom stunted education recurrent placement substance abuse rehabilitation facilities psychiatric ward police custody see declaration shannon sumpter app counsel failure develop background evidence glaring even sentencing judge noted received little information concerning defendant difficult family history app pet cert time sentencing counsel prepared put testimony respondent birth mother measure especially capital case meager investigation fell objective standard reasonableness strickland given deficient performance issue whether counsel inadequate investigation prejudiced outcome sentencing bulk opinion argues district reasonably found respondent waived right present mitigating evidence see ante shall explain argument finds support constitution record case ii well established citizen waiver constitutional right must knowing intelligent voluntary far back johnson zerbst held courts must every reasonable presumption waiver fundamental constitutional rights since unyielding insistence defendant waiver trial rights given effect unless illinois rodriguez citing zerbst years zerbst decision schneckloth bustamonte added crucial content jurisprudence knowing intelligent waiver constitutional rights case considered whether zerbst requirement applied citizen consent search seizure determining decision turned vast difference rights protect fair criminal trial rights guaranteed fourth amendment explained requirement waiver articulated case involving validity defendant decision forgo right constitutionally guaranteed protect fair trial reliability process almost without exception requirement knowing intelligent waiver applied rights constitution guarantees criminal defendant order preserve fair trial ran extensive list trial rights requirement already noted zerbst requirement applied waiver trial rights situations guilty pleas said must carefully scrutinized determine whether accused knew understood rights entitled trial emphasis trial rights already clear went state strict standard waiver applied rights guaranteed criminal defendant insure accorded greatest possible opportunity utilize every facet constitutional model fair criminal trial trial conducted derogation model leaves open possibility trial reached unfair result precisely protections specified constitution provided constitution requires every effort made see defendant criminal case unknowingly relinquished basic protections framers thought indispensable fair trial given unmistakable focus trial rights makes little difference specifically imposed knowing requirement upon defendant decision introduce evidence ante capital defendant right present mitigating evidence firmly exercised sentencing trial capital defendant right sentencing authority give full consideration mitigating evidence might support sentence death paramount importance cases important right representation counsel protected zerbst trial rights discussed schneckloth longstanding precedent zerbst schneckloth waiver case majority cites iowa tovar requires waiver right adduce evidence knowing intelligent voluntary state postconviction conclusion respondent completely waived right present mitigating evidence involved unreasonable application clearly established federal law determined see respondent statements sentencing hearing qualify informed waiver precedents understand important remember context waiver issue arose postconviction proceedings respondent never brought freestanding claim failed knowingly intelligently waive right present mitigating evidence see keeney considering claim defendant guilty plea knowing intelligent respondent believes never waived right present available mitigating evidence see brief respondent landrigan alleged intended forgo right put birth mother witnesses part iii infra respondent claim counsel ineffective failing investigate present mitigating evidence light posture conclusion respondent make argument failed present arizona courts nothing short baffling see ante respondent never intended waiver become issue never thought issue waiver became concern forced answer state argument establish prejudice strickland waived right present mitigating evidence state postconviction conclusion ince defendant instructed attorney bring mitigation attention claim counsel ineffective additional grounds arguing mitigation evidence app pet cert instructive state postconviction considered waiver issue within context prejudice prong respondent claim even respondent claim within meaning counsel ineffective adequately investigating presenting mitigating evidence argument particularly one made alternative response another party fundamentally different claim cf yee escondido turning back claim respondent purported waiver appreciated light counsel deficient performance take one example respondent counsel asked psychologist mickey mcmahon conduct initial interview respondent mcmahon submitted affidavit stating experience quite different working relationship counsel death penalty cases psychological study went series steps declaration mickey mcmahon app case mcmahon authorized conduct next step psychological testing told cognitive neuropsychological deficits observed interview even though mcmahon told respondent counsel much work needed provide appropriate psychological study death penalty case counsel refused let investigate thorough investigation revealed respondent suffers organic brain disorder see slip recognizing possible neurological damage relevant mitigating evidence years mcmahon aborted examination another psychologist thomas thompson conducted complete analysis respondent based extensive interviews respondent several family members review family history multiple clinical tests thompson diagnosed respondent antisocial personality disorder see declaration thomas thompson app thompson filed affidavit district describing diagnosis respondent actions constitute lifestyle choice sense individual operating large degree freedom come define free inherited prenatal early developmental factors severely impaired landrigan ability function society expects individuals operate organized adaptive manner taking account actions consequences behaviors impact society individual members based evaluation investigation along relevant data type responsible functioning simply beyond landrigan far back one go indication ever capacities day sentencing hearing mitigating evidence respondent counsel investigated testimony respondent birth mother none neuropsychological information available respondent time purported waiver yet conspicuously avoids mention respondent organic brain disorder instead provides incomplete list mitigating evidence respondent presented incorrectly assumes respondent birth mother covered see ante unless missed portion record indicating respondent birth mother trained psychologists neither offered expert testimony respondent organic brain disorder course true respondent aware many individual pieces mitigating evidence contributed thompson subsequent diagnosis knew birth mother abandoned age six months see app biological family extensive criminal history see adoptive mother affective disturbances chronic alcoholism routinely drank vodka passed see frequently strike even hit ting frying pan hard enough leave dent childhood difficult exhibited abandonment attachment problems early age see bad temper often threw violent tantrums child see began getting trouble using alcohol drugs early age adolescence begun series placements juvenile detention facilities psychiatric ward twice drug abuse rehabilitation programs perhaps respondent also knew biological mother abused alcohol amphetamines pregnancy utero exposure drugs alcohol deleterious effects child see even respondent knew things assume understand consequences way expert psychologist without years advanced education battery complicated testing respondent know experiences resulted serious organic brain disorder effect disorder might behavior precisely counsel failed conduct proper investigation know important evidence available purportedly waived right present mitigating evidence hard see respondent claim strickland prejudice prejudiced counsel strickland error see hill lockhart without ever acknowledging respondent lacked information clings counsel discussion respondent importance mitigating evidence ante majority also places great weight fact counsel explained respondent counsel duty disclose mitigating factors th ourt consideration regarding sentencing ibid leaving aside fact counsel deficient performance demonstrate understanding importance mitigating evidence let alone knowledge evidence counsel abstract explanation satisfy demands zerbst schneckloth unless respondent knew significant mitigation evidence available made knowing intelligent waiver constitutional rights see battenfield gibson holding defendant waiver invalid indication counsel explained specific mitigation evidence available coleman mitchell see generally tovar iii even putative waiver fully informed arizona postconviction determination respondent instructed attorney bring mitigation attention sentencing plainly contradicted record app pet cert nevertheless defers finding concluding unreasonable determination facts context federal habeas however deference imply abandonment abdication judicial review cockrell careful examination record material transcripts state courts ante indicate respondent intended make waiver went beyond testimony birth mother reads following exchange definitive proof respondent informed counsel present mitigating evidence ibid landrigan instructed lawyer wish bring mitigating circumstances attention defendant yeah know means defendant yeah landrigan mitigating circumstances aware defendant far concerned app pet cert also infers respondent disruptive behavior sentencing hearing undermined presentation mitigating evidence attorney might uncovered ante record material conclusively establish respondent waived right present mitigating evidence counsel made available brief exchange respondent trial must considered context entire sentencing proceeding dialogue came immediately lengthy colloquy trial respondent counsel farrell honor time two witnesses wished testify one brought state client sandy landrigan second witness client natural mother virginia gipson believe people important evidence believed take mitigation concerning client however landrigan made clear wish anyone family testify behalf today talked sandra landrigan talked number times confirmed thought important evidence present also talked gipson evidence think important brought attention talking jeff today agreed one case son testify behalf farrell basically client wishes honor told order effectively represent especially concerning fact state seeking death penalty mitigating factors duty disclose factors consideration regarding sentencing adamant want testimony family specifically two people mother subpoena well flown app pet cert emphasis added respondent answers trial judge questions must read light discussion judge immediately turned counsel respondent asked mitigating circumstances entire proceeding point possible testimony birth mother counsel informed respondent want testimony family neither counsel respondent said anything mitigating evidence fair reading full sentencing transcript makes clear respondent answers referred testimony birth respondent answers necessarily infected counsel failure investigate respondent dispute instructed counsel present family testimony brief respondent landrigan contends intent effect broad waiver instead merely waive presentation testimony mother limited waiver change fact unaware words mitigating circumstances include organic brain disorder medical consequences mother drinking drug use pregnancy abusive upbringing adoptive respondent mind words mitigating circumstances meant incomplete evidence counsel offered present en banc appeals explained ad lawyer conducted investigation uncovered types mitigating evidence landrigan might well able direct mitigating circumstances therefore error read respondent simple yeah far concerned waiving anything little knew available accordingly state postconviction finding petitioner waived right present mitigating evidence unreasonable determination facts correct postconviction judge judge sentenced respondent must remember postconviction opinion written five years sentencing proceeding although judge memory deserves deference opinion reflects many flaws opinion instead reexamining entire trial transcript quoted exchange respondent app pet cert unlike repeated reference respondent behavior sentencing mention analysis consists incomplete review transcript unsupported summary conclusion respondent told attorney present mitigating evidence believe neither constitution record supports waiver holding respondent least entitled evidentiary hearing question well broader claim ineffective assistance counsel respondent insists never instructed counsel investigate mitigating evidence even state concedes finding issue see brief respondent judge kozinski state finding even inference investigation finding trial made goes landrigan attitude allowing lawyer investigate counsel state quoting ninth circuit oral argument audio long maintained permitted presentation mitigating evidence counsel prepared introduce evidence testimony birth mother see app pet cert respondent planned call counsel evidentiary hearing testify assertions see app counsel best position clarify whether respondent gave blanket instructions investigate present mitigating evidence wrong decide case evidence regarding respondent instructions developed iv almost afterthought holds alternative district abuse discretion finding landrigan establish prejudice based counsel failure present evidence wishes offer ante course cold incomplete factual record describing respondent mitigation case weak emphasizing exceedingly violent past belligerent behavior sentencing concludes way respondent establish prejudice evidence seeks introduce ibid reasoning flawed several respects first discussed bears repeating thoroughly misrepresents respondent mitigating evidence easy view respondent mitigation case weak assume away powerful evidence ignores respondent organic brain disorder explained criminal history also repeated outbursts mistakenly assumes respondent birth mother testified medical consequences fetal alcohol syndrome inaccurately women described turbulent childhood adoptive family repeatedly said evidence kind influence sentencer decision whether death proper punishment see wiggins vidence defendant background character relevant belief long held society defendants commit criminal acts attributable disadvantaged background emotional mental problems may less culpable defendants excuse internal quotation marks omitted eddings oklahoma doubt evidence turbulent family history beatings harsh father severe emotional disturbance particularly relevant evidence might well convinced sentencer death sentence appropriate second aggravating circumstances relied sentencing judge strong makes sure respondent already committed two violent offenses terry williams still concluded suffered prejudice attorney failed investigate present mitigating evidence see williams taylor noting williams confessed two separate violent assaults elderly victims including one left elderly woman graphic description williams childhood filled abuse privation reality mentally retarded might well influenced jury appraisal moral aggravating factor landrigan committed crime pecuniary serious doubts en banc appeals explained limited evidence regarding pecuniary gain aggravator judge noted victim apartment ransacked perpetrator looking something demonstrated expectation pecuniary gain even though landrigan actually steal anything value emphasis added thus ignore respondent violent past certainly possible even likely evidence neurological disorder fetal alcohol syndrome abusive upbringing influenced sentencing judge assessment moral blameworthiness altered outcome sentencing respondent plainly alleged facts substantiated evidentiary hearing entitle relief see townsend end decision explained increasingly familiar effort guard floodgates litigation immediately turning facts case district courts required allow federal habeas applicants develop even insubstantial factual allegations evidentiary hearings district courts forced reopen factual disputes conclusively resolved state courts ante however habeas cases requiring evidentiary hearings number clear evidence particular classification habeas proceedings burdened dockets federal courts keeney kennedy dissenting even prior passage antiterriorism effective death act district courts held evidentiary hearings federal habeas cases see report federal courts study committee subcommittee role federal courts relation mar richard posner chair federal courts study committee working papers subcommittee reports july figure makes abundantly clear justice always cause heavens fall therefore well heed justice kennedy reminder take steps diminish likelihood federal courts base legal decision accurate assessment facts keeney dissenting opinion may well true respondent completely waived right present mitigating evidence evidence adequately investigated time sentencing may also true respondent mitigating evidence outweigh violent past certainly true however evidentiary hearing provide answers questions emphatically agree majority judges en banc appeals abuse discretion refuse conduct hearing capital case accordingly respectfully dissent footnotes although issue aedpa generally prohibits federal habeas courts granting evidentiary hearings applicants failed develop factual bases claims state courts indeed appeals recognizing point applied reject certain arizona factual findings established hearing futile landrigan made argument first time motion rehearing denial postconviction petition arizona law defendant raise new claims motion rehearing state byers app overruled grounds state pope en banc footnotes even troubling prior sentencing counsel clues find important mitigating evidence appeals noted respondent alleged birth mother sent letter counsel explaining landrigan began drinking early age adoptive mother alcoholic walk around nude front landrigan father death row arkansas link darrel messed whole life needs help mentally like father en banc counsel failed follow leads see brookhart janis right confrontation adams ex rel mccann right jury trial barker wingo right speedy trial green right free double jeopardy see smith waiver privilege compulsory administrative agency emspak waiver privilege compulsory congressional committee gault waiver counsel juvenile proceeding see mccarthy boykin alabama von moltke gillies uveges pennsylvania see quarterman brewer quarterman skipper south carolina lockett ohio see tovar waiver right counsel constitutional rights criminal process generally must intelligent ac done sufficient awareness relevant quoting brady emphasis added also misapplies failing account holding nder opening clause failure develop factual basis claim established unless lack diligence greater fault attributable prisoner prisoner counsel williams taylor emphasis added diligence depends upon whether prisoner made reasonable attempt light information available time investigate pursue claims state time petitioner filed state postconviction petition impression waived right present mitigating evidence state postconviction informed otherwise immediately raised argument motion rehearing see ante consequence today decision prisoners forced file separate claims anticipation every possible argument might made response genuine claims way advance antiterrrorism effective death penalty act acknowledged purpose reduc ing delays execution state federal criminal sentences ante internal quotation marks omitted investigator named george labash similar experience respondent counsel although counsel hired labash look respondent case labash stated affidavit counsel ask much declaration george labash app fact labash spent hours working case never conducted mitigation investigation described experience working respondent counsel quite frustrating disregards another important contextual clue respondent counsel requested three continuances investigate prepare mitigation case respondent consented record one app respondent instructed counsel develop mitigating evidence consent difficult explain similarly clear evidence respondent cooperated counsel minimal investigation allowed counsel interview birth mother assisted counsel gathering medical records freely met mcmahon see app pet cert app actions man wanted present mitigating evidence contrary contention see ante respondent birth mother testified difficult childhood adoptive family fact respondent sought state postconviction evidentiary hearing adoptive sister present evidence see petition relief app petitioner sister shannon sumpter also verified mother landrigan alcoholic disease caused significant problems within family impacted adversely petitioner growing moreover provided additional information concerning familial problems preceded time sentencing may offered least partial explanation petitioner conduct sentencing see declaration thomas thompson app stating tests revealed respondent deficits cognitive processing poor adaptability incomplete understanding surroundings effect others limited impulse control emphasis added noting individuals antisocial personality disorder typically act irresponsibl across areas daily lives decisions characterized impulsivity emphasis added fact terse prejudice analysis relies heavily colorful quote original ninth circuit panel see ante declines mention one judge panel switched vote joined en banc majority consideration respondent mitigating evidence notwithstanding repeated assertions sentencing judge consider respondent courtroom behavior aggravating factor compare ante app pet cert fact sentencing judge noted day sentencing respondent acted appropriately courtroom conduct good even important understood behavior day mere release frustration aggravating factor certainly indication intent waive right present mitigating evidence sentencing judge treated respondent behavior day sentencing reason credit earlier good behavior mitigating circumstance event defendant poor behavior trial listed aggravating factor arizona capital sentencing statute see rev stat ann west supp