ex
parte
siebold
argued
decided
october
facts
stated
opinion
ex
parte
siebold
bradley
johnson
petitioners
contra
justice
bradley
delivered
opinion
petitioners
case
albert
siebold
walter
tucker
martin
burns
lewis
coleman
henry
bowers
judges
election
different
voting
precincts
city
baltimore
election
held
city
state
maryland
fifth
day
november
representatives
congress
voted
november
term
circuit
district
mayland
indictment
petitioners
found
said
offences
alleged
committed
respectively
respective
precincts
whilst
judges
election
upon
indictments
severally
tried
convicted
sentenced
said
fine
imprisonment
apply
writ
habeas
corpus
relieved
imprisonment
making
application
petitioner
month
september
last
presented
separate
petition
chief
justice
within
whose
circuit
baltimore
situated
lynn
state
connecticut
praying
like
habeas
corpus
relieved
imprisonment
chief
justice
thereupon
made
order
said
marshal
warden
show
cause
second
tuesday
october
city
washington
writs
issue
first
day
present
term
instance
chief
justice
present
application
made
new
petition
addressed
thereto
petitions
papers
presented
chief
justice
consent
made
part
case
records
several
indictments
proceedings
thereon
annexed
respective
original
petitions
us
indictments
framed
partly
sect
partly
sect
revised
statutes
principal
questions
raised
application
whether
sections
certain
sections
title
revised
statutes
relating
elective
franchise
intended
enforce
within
constitutional
power
congress
enact
contended
circuit
jurisdiction
cases
convictions
sentences
imprisonment
several
petitioners
illegal
void
jurisdiction
hear
case
first
point
examined
question
whether
party
imprisoned
sentence
upon
conviction
crime
created
indictable
unconstitutional
act
congress
may
discharged
imprisonment
habeas
corpus
although
appellate
jurisdiction
writ
error
judgment
objected
case
one
original
appellate
jurisdiction
therefore
within
jurisdiction
clearly
opinion
appellate
character
requires
us
revise
act
circuit
making
warrants
commitment
upon
convictions
referred
according
decisions
exercise
appellate
power
ex
parte
burford
cranch
ex
parte
bollman
swartout
id
ex
parte
yerger
wall
authorized
exercise
appellate
jurisdiction
habeas
corpus
directly
position
sustained
abundant
authority
general
power
issue
writ
subject
constitutional
limitations
jurisdiction
exercise
original
jurisdiction
cases
affecting
ambassadors
public
ministers
consuls
cases
state
party
appellate
jurisdiction
cases
federal
cognizance
exceptions
regulations
congress
shall
make
general
power
issue
writ
may
issue
exercise
original
jurisdiction
original
jurisdiction
may
issue
exercise
appellate
jurisdiction
jurisdiction
cases
prohibited
law
except
original
jurisdiction
ex
parte
bollman
swartwout
supra
ex
parte
watkins
pet
id
ex
parte
wells
ableman
booth
id
ex
parte
yerger
wall
limitations
jurisdiction
however
arising
nature
objects
writ
defined
common
law
name
incidents
derived
used
mere
writ
error
mere
error
judgment
proceedings
virtue
party
imprisoned
constitutes
ground
issue
writ
hence
upon
return
habeas
corpus
prisoner
detained
conviction
sentence
jurisdiction
cause
general
rule
instantly
remanded
inquiry
instituted
regularity
proceedings
unless
perhaps
cognizance
writ
error
appeal
review
judgment
case
error
apparent
imprisonment
unjust
appellate
may
perhaps
discretion
give
immediate
relief
habeas
corpus
thus
save
party
delay
expense
writ
error
bac
hab
bethel
case
salk
mod
general
rule
conviction
sentence
competent
jurisdiction
lawful
cause
imprisonment
relief
given
habeas
corpus
ground
without
special
statute
authorizing
give
relief
habeas
corpus
prisoner
conviction
sentence
another
want
jurisdiction
person
cause
matter
rendering
proceedings
void
distinction
erroneous
judgment
one
illegal
void
well
illustrated
two
cases
ex
parte
lange
wall
ex
parte
parks
former
case
held
judgment
void
released
petitioner
accordingly
latter
held
judgment
whether
erroneous
void
jurisdiction
cause
refused
interfere
chief
justice
abbot
rex
suddis
east
said
general
rule
person
committed
judgment
another
competent
criminal
jurisdiction
king
bench
review
sentence
upon
return
habeas
corpus
cases
appeal
stated
however
bacon
abridgment
probably
words
chief
baron
gilbert
commitment
law
made
one
jurisdiction
cause
matter
law
man
punished
discharge
bac
hab
latter
part
rule
applied
imprisonment
conviction
sentence
confined
cases
clear
manifest
want
criminality
matter
charged
effect
render
proceedings
void
authority
usually
cited
head
bushel
case
decided
twelve
jurymen
convicted
oyer
terminer
rendering
verdict
charge
acquitting
william
penn
others
charged
meeting
conventicle
imprisoned
refusing
pay
fines
applied
common
pleas
habeas
corpus
though
jurisdiction
criminal
matters
hesitated
grant
writ
yet
granted
discharged
prisoners
ground
conviction
void
inasmuch
jurymen
indicted
rendering
verdict
choose
opinion
chief
justice
vaughan
case
rarely
excelled
judicial
eloquence
jones
vaughan
howell
state
trials
without
attempting
decide
far
case
may
regarded
law
guidance
clearly
opinion
question
raised
cases
us
proper
consideration
habeas
corpus
validity
judgments
assailed
ground
acts
congress
indictments
found
unconstitutional
position
well
taken
affects
foundation
whole
proceedings
unconstitutional
law
void
law
offence
created
crime
conviction
merely
erroneous
illegal
void
legal
cause
imprisonment
true
writ
error
lies
judgment
may
final
sense
may
means
reversing
personal
liberty
great
moment
eye
law
judgment
inferior
affecting
deemed
conclusive
seen
question
authority
try
imprison
party
may
reviewed
habeas
corpus
superior
judge
authority
award
writ
satisfied
present
one
cases
authorized
take
jurisdiction
think
laws
unconstitutional
void
circuit
acquired
jurisdiction
causes
authority
indict
try
petitioners
arose
solely
upon
laws
proceed
therefore
examine
cases
merits
indictments
commence
introductory
statement
november
fourth
congressional
district
state
maryland
lawful
election
held
whereat
representative
congressional
district
congress
voted
certain
person
naming
supervisor
election
duly
appointed
circuit
aforesaid
pursuant
sect
revised
statutes
third
voting
precinct
fifteenth
ward
city
baltimore
said
congressional
district
respect
election
aforesaid
thereat
certain
person
naming
special
deputy
marshal
duly
appointed
marshal
maryland
district
pursuant
sect
revised
statutes
assigned
duty
provided
following
section
said
precinct
said
ward
said
city
congressional
election
aforesaid
thereat
come
various
counts
petitioner
bowers
convicted
second
count
indictment
follows
said
henry
bowers
afterwards
wit
day
year
aforesaid
said
voting
precinct
within
district
aforesaid
unlawfully
obstruct
hinder
use
power
authority
judge
aforesaid
judge
interfere
prevent
said
supervisor
election
performance
certain
duty
respect
said
election
required
authorized
perform
law
case
made
provided
wit
personally
inspecting
scrutinizing
beginning
said
day
election
said
election
manner
voting
done
said
poll
election
examining
seeing
whether
ballot
first
voted
said
poll
election
put
placed
box
containing
ballots
whatever
contrary
sect
said
statutes
peace
government
dignity
tucker
indicted
jointly
one
gude
convicted
upon
second
fifth
counts
indictment
follows
said
justus
gude
said
walter
tucker
afterwards
wit
day
year
aforesaid
said
voting
precinct
said
ward
said
city
unlawfully
exercise
power
authority
judges
aforesaid
prevent
hinder
free
attendance
presence
said
james
schofield
deputy
marshal
aforesaid
due
execution
said
office
poll
said
election
said
voting
precinct
full
free
access
deputy
marshal
poll
election
contrary
said
section
said
statutes
sect
peace
government
dignity
said
justus
gude
said
walter
tucker
day
year
aforesaid
precinct
aforesaid
within
district
aforesaid
officers
said
election
aforesaid
knowingly
unlawfully
said
election
certain
act
authorized
law
state
maryland
authorized
law
fraudulently
clandestinely
putting
placing
box
said
precinct
twenty
ballots
within
intent
meaning
sect
said
statutes
voted
said
election
said
precinct
ballots
lawfully
deposited
counted
intent
thereby
affect
said
election
result
thereof
contrary
sect
said
statutes
peace
government
dignity
charge
observed
offence
commonly
known
counts
petitioners
burns
coleman
convicted
similar
specified
burns
charged
refusing
allow
supervisor
elections
inspect
even
enter
room
polls
held
violently
resisting
deputy
marshal
attempted
arrest
required
sect
revised
statutes
charges
coleman
similar
burns
addition
charge
stuffing
siebold
convicted
one
count
indictment
likewise
charge
stuffing
sections
law
indictments
founded
validity
sought
impeached
unconstitutionality
summed
counsel
petitioners
brief
follows
omitting
comments
thereon
counsel
say
cases
involve
question
constitutionality
certain
sections
title
xxvi
revised
statutes
entitled
elective
franchise
judge
circuit
wherein
city
town
upwards
twenty
thousand
inhabitants
situated
upon
informed
two
citizens
thereof
prior
registration
voters
election
representative
delegate
congress
voted
desire
registration
election
guarded
scrutinized
shall
open
circuit
convenient
point
circuit
judge
shall
appoint
two
supervisors
election
every
election
district
city
town
supervisors
authorized
required
attend
times
places
fixed
registration
voters
challenge
deem
proper
cause
names
registered
may
think
proper
marked
inspect
scrutinize
register
voters
purposes
identification
affix
signatures
page
original
list
supervisors
required
attend
times
places
holding
elections
representatives
delegates
congress
counting
votes
cast
challenge
vote
legality
may
doubt
present
continually
kept
every
vote
cast
counted
proper
returns
made
required
law
state
territorial
municipal
law
personally
inspect
scrutinize
times
day
election
manner
registry
lists
tallies
kept
whether
required
law
state
territorial
municipal
laws
requires
marshal
whenever
election
representatives
delegates
congress
chosen
upon
application
two
citizens
cities
towns
twenty
thousand
inhabitants
appoint
special
deputy
marshals
whose
duty
shall
aid
assist
supervisors
discharge
duties
attend
registrations
voters
election
representatives
congress
may
voted
requires
marshal
general
special
deputies
keep
peace
protect
supervisors
discharge
duties
preserve
order
place
registration
polls
prevent
fraudulent
registration
voting
fraudulent
conduct
part
officer
election
immediately
arrest
person
commits
attempts
commit
offences
prohibited
herein
offence
laws
counsel
refer
summarize
sects
revised
statutes
sect
merely
relates
question
evidence
need
copied
sects
upon
indictments
directly
framed
proper
set
full
follows
every
officer
election
representative
delegate
congress
voted
whether
officer
election
appointed
created
law
authority
state
territorial
district
municipal
law
authority
neglects
refuses
perform
duty
regard
election
required
law
state
territory
thereof
violates
duty
imposed
knowingly
acts
thereby
unauthorized
intent
affect
election
result
thereof
fraudulently
makes
false
certificate
result
election
regard
representative
delegate
withholds
conceals
destroys
certificate
record
required
law
respecting
election
representative
delegate
neglects
refuses
make
return
certificate
required
law
aids
counsels
procures
advises
voter
person
officer
act
preceding
sections
made
crime
omit
duty
omission
sections
made
crime
attempts
shall
punished
prescribed
sect
every
person
whether
without
authority
power
process
pretended
authority
power
process
state
territory
municipality
obstructs
hinders
assaults
bribes
solicitation
otherwise
interferes
prevents
supervisors
election
either
marshal
general
special
deputies
either
performance
duty
required
either
either
may
authorized
perform
law
execution
precess
otherwise
means
mentioned
hinders
prevents
free
attendance
presence
places
registration
polls
election
full
free
access
egress
place
registration
poll
election
going
place
registration
poll
election
room
registration
election
canvass
votes
making
returns
certificates
thereof
may
molests
interferes
removes
ejects
place
registration
poll
election
canvassing
votes
cast
thereat
making
returns
certificates
thereof
supervisor
election
marshal
general
special
deputies
either
threatens
attempts
offers
refuses
neglects
aid
assist
supervisor
election
marshal
general
special
deputies
either
performance
duties
required
either
give
aid
assistance
shall
liable
instant
arrest
without
process
shall
punished
imprisonment
two
years
fine
fine
imprisonment
shall
pay
cost
prosecution
portions
revised
statutes
taken
act
commonly
known
enforcement
act
approved
may
entitled
act
enforce
right
citizens
vote
several
union
purposes
supplement
act
approved
relate
elections
members
house
representatives
assertion
part
congress
power
pass
laws
regulating
superintending
said
elections
securing
purity
thereof
rights
citizens
vote
thereat
peaceably
without
molestation
must
conceded
important
power
fundamental
character
light
recent
history
violence
fraud
corruption
irregularity
frequently
prevailed
elections
may
easily
conceived
exertion
power
exists
may
necessary
stability
frame
government
counsel
petitioners
however
deny
congress
may
chooses
assume
entire
regulation
elections
representatives
contend
constitutional
power
make
partial
regulations
intended
carried
conjunction
regulations
made
general
positions
contended
counsel
petitioners
thus
stated
brief
shall
attempt
establish
propositions
power
make
regulations
times
places
manner
holding
elections
representatives
congress
granted
congress
constitution
exclusive
power
exercised
congress
power
exercised
exclusive
interference
therein
must
exercised
interfere
come
collision
regulations
presented
behalf
unless
provides
complete
control
whole
subject
exercised
put
operation
congress
must
take
place
state
regulations
subject
regulated
subject
must
entirely
complety
controlled
provided
congress
unable
see
necessarily
follows
congress
makes
regulations
subject
must
assume
exclusive
control
whole
subject
constitution
say
clause
constitution
power
congress
well
state
legislatures
regulate
election
senators
representatives
arises
follows
times
places
manner
holding
elections
senators
representatives
shall
prescribed
state
legislature
thereof
congress
may
time
law
make
alter
regulations
except
place
choosing
senators
seems
us
natural
sense
words
contrary
assumed
counsel
petitioners
first
authorizing
prescribe
regulations
added
congress
may
time
law
make
alter
regulations
alter
plain
meaning
words
prepossession
abstract
theory
relations
state
national
governments
difficulty
understanding
declaration
regulations
shall
made
either
wholly
state
legislatures
wholly
congress
congress
interfere
course
may
made
wholly
state
chooses
interfere
nothing
words
prevent
either
wholly
partially
contrary
necessary
implication
may
either
may
either
make
regulations
may
alter
alters
leaving
manifest
convenience
requires
general
organization
polls
state
results
necessary
two
governments
regulating
subject
repugnance
system
regulations
arise
thence
power
congress
subject
paramount
may
exercised
congress
sees
fit
exercise
exercised
action
congress
far
extends
conflicts
regulations
state
necessarily
supersedes
implied
power
alter
suppose
constitution
state
say
first
legislature
elected
constitution
may
law
regulate
election
members
two
houses
subsequent
legislature
may
make
alter
regulations
subsequent
legislature
modify
regulations
made
first
legislature
without
making
entirely
new
set
obliged
go
whole
subject
anew
manifestly
modify
add
subtract
discretion
greater
power
making
wholly
new
regulations
include
lesser
altering
modifying
old
new
law
contrary
repugnant
old
far
far
take
place
consistent
stand
objection
often
repeated
application
congressional
regulations
previously
made
state
produce
clashing
jurisdictions
conflict
rules
loses
sight
fact
regulations
made
congress
paramount
made
state
legislature
conflict
therewith
latter
far
conflict
extends
ceases
operative
clashing
possibly
arise
slightest
difficulty
harmonious
combination
one
system
regulations
made
two
sovereignties
case
prior
subsequent
enactments
legislature
congress
partially
regulated
subject
heretofore
passed
law
election
representatives
separate
districts
subsequently
laws
fixing
time
election
directing
elections
shall
ballot
one
pretend
least
present
day
laws
unconstitutional
partially
covered
subject
peculiarity
case
consists
concurrent
authority
two
sovereignties
state
national
however
entirely
without
parallel
regulation
foreign
commerce
conferred
constitution
upon
congress
expressly
taken
away
one
national
character
one
requires
uniform
rule
held
power
congress
exclusive
contrary
neither
circumstances
exist
held
state
regulations
unconstitutional
absence
congressional
regulation
paramount
authority
adopted
valid
binding
subject
largely
discussed
case
cooley
board
wardens
port
philadelphia
case
pilotage
congress
passed
law
declaring
pilots
continue
regulated
conformity
laws
respectively
wherein
hence
state
continued
administer
laws
passed
new
laws
regulation
pilots
harbors
pennsylvania
passed
law
question
yet
held
clearly
regulation
commerce
state
laws
upheld
without
supposing
cases
like
pilotage
requiring
national
uniform
regulation
power
make
regulations
commerce
absence
congressional
regulation
still
remained
held
power
remain
subject
qualifications
state
law
sustained
view
case
concurrent
authority
state
national
governments
latter
paramount
congress
interfered
state
regulations
subject
pilotage
far
authorize
pilots
adjoining
separated
navigable
waters
pilot
ships
vessels
ports
either
state
located
waters
since
made
various
regulations
respecting
pilots
taking
charge
steam
vessels
imposing
upon
peculiar
duties
requiring
peculiar
qualifications
seems
us
doubt
power
congress
impose
regulations
sees
fit
upon
pilots
subject
penalties
breach
duty
may
deem
expedient
continue
exercise
power
regulate
pilotage
subject
paramount
right
national
government
dissatisfied
congressional
interference
interference
time
imposed
state
might
chose
withdraw
regulations
altogether
leave
whole
subject
regulated
congress
long
continues
pilotage
system
must
acquiesce
additional
regulations
congress
may
see
fit
make
case
laws
regulating
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government
appointed
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impose
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state
laws
officer
made
liable
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punishment
delinquency
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suit
answer
government
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person
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sovereigns
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plea
sustained
reference
conviction
state
law
passing
counterfeit
coin
sought
reversed
ground
congress
jurisdiction
subject
might
inflict
punishment
offence
justice
daniel
speaking
said
almost
certain
benignant
spirit
institutions
state
federal
systems
administered
offender
suffered
penalties
denounced
one
subjected
second
time
punishment
acts
essentially
unless
indeed
might
occur
instances
peculiar
enormity
public
safety
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rigor
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ohio
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delivering
opinion
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marigold
conviction
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congress
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coin
country
said
reference
fox
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view
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fox
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ohio
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case
moore
state
illinois
id
plaintiff
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convicted
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law
harboring
secreting
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slave
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offence
law
offence
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objection
double
punishment
raised
justice
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citizen
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territory
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owe
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sovereigns
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views
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cruikshank
referring
cases
well
see
doctrine
contain
controverted
variety
instances
may
readily
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suppose
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state
judge
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laws
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aliens
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act
maintain
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case
commonwealth
kentucky
dennison
confidently
relied
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counsel
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state
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petitioners
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contend
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elections
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american
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close
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brief
state
national
governments
altogether
equal
whole
argument
indeed
based
partially
true
true
doctrine
conceive
whilst
really
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matters
granted
jurisdiction
control
constitution
constitutional
laws
latter
already
said
law
land
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laws
paramount
authority
obligation
fundamental
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constitution
based
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conceded
practice
well
theory
fabrice
institutions
contemplated
founders
stand
questions
involved
respect
autonomy
existence
continued
existence
government
every
american
citizen
may
look
security
protection
every
part
land
think
cause
commitment
cases
lawful
application
writ
habeas
corpus
must
denied
application
denied
justice
clifford
justice
field
dissented
see
justice
field
opinion
infra