walker
chairman
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
et
al
texas
division
sons
confederate
veterans
et
argued
march
decided
june
texas
offers
automobile
owners
choice
specialty
license
plates
want
state
issue
particular
specialty
plate
may
propose
plate
design
comprising
slogan
graphic
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
approves
design
state
make
available
display
vehicles
registered
texas
texas
division
sons
confederate
veterans
officers
collectively
scv
filed
suit
chairman
members
board
collectively
board
arguing
board
rejection
scv
proposal
specialty
plate
design
featuring
confederate
battle
flag
violated
free
speech
clause
district
entered
judgment
board
fifth
circuit
reversed
holding
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
private
speech
board
engaged
constitutionally
forbidden
viewpoint
discrimination
refused
approve
scv
design
held
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
constitute
government
speech
thus
texas
entitled
refuse
issue
plates
featuring
scv
proposed
design
pp
government
speaks
barred
free
speech
clause
determining
content
says
pleasant
grove
city
summum
government
generally
entitled
promote
program
espouse
policy
take
position
free
speech
clause
interpreted
otherwise
easy
imagine
government
function
say
government
ability
express
without
restriction
constitutional
statutory
provisions
outside
free
speech
clause
may
limit
government
speech
free
speech
clause
may
constrain
government
speech
example
government
seeks
compel
private
persons
convey
government
speech
pp
precedents
regarding
government
speech
provide
appropriate
framework
approach
case
pp
analysis
used
summum
conclude
city
accepting
privately
donated
monument
placing
city
property
engaging
government
speech
leads
conclusion
government
speech
issue
first
history
shows
including
texas
long
used
license
plates
convey
government
speech
slogans
urging
action
promoting
tourism
touting
local
industries
cf
second
texas
license
plate
designs
often
closely
identified
public
mind
state
plate
government
article
serving
governmental
purposes
vehicle
registration
identification
governmental
nature
plates
clear
faces
state
places
name
texas
large
letters
across
top
every
plate
texas
also
requires
texas
vehicle
owners
display
license
plates
issues
every
texas
plate
owns
designs
plates
plates
essentially
government
ids
id
issuers
typically
permit
ids
contain
message
wish
associated
third
texas
maintains
direct
control
messages
conveyed
specialty
plates
giving
board
final
approval
design
like
city
government
summum
texas
effectively
controlled
messages
conveyed
exercising
final
approval
authority
selection
considerations
taken
together
show
texas
specialty
plates
similar
enough
monuments
summum
call
result
pp
forum
analysis
applies
government
restrictions
purely
private
speech
occurring
government
property
cornelius
naacp
legal
defense
ed
fund
appropriate
state
speaking
behalf
parties
agree
texas
specialty
license
plates
traditional
public
forum
texas
policies
nature
license
plates
indicate
state
intend
specialty
plates
serve
either
designated
public
forum
government
property
traditionally
public
forum
intentionally
opened
purpose
summum
supra
limited
public
forum
government
reserv
es
forum
certain
groups
discussion
certain
topics
rosenberger
rector
visitors
univ
state
exercises
final
authority
messages
may
conveyed
specialty
plates
takes
ownership
specialty
plate
design
traditionally
used
plates
government
speech
features
texas
specialty
plates
militate
determination
texas
created
public
forum
finally
plates
nonpublic
forum
government
proprietor
managing
internal
operations
international
soc
krishna
consciousness
lee
fact
private
parties
take
part
design
propagation
message
extinguish
governmental
nature
message
transform
government
role
mere
forum
provider
see
summum
supra
texas
requirement
vehicle
owners
pay
annual
fees
specialty
plates
mean
plates
forum
private
speech
case
resemble
nonpublic
forum
cases
perry
ed
assn
perry
local
educators
lehman
shaker
heights
cornelius
supra
distinguished
pp
determination
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
government
speech
mean
designs
also
implicate
free
speech
rights
private
persons
acknowledged
drivers
display
state
selected
license
plate
designs
convey
messages
communicated
designs
see
wooley
maynard
also
recognized
first
amendment
stringently
limits
state
authority
compel
private
party
express
view
private
party
disagrees
texas
require
scv
convey
state
ideological
message
scv
force
texas
include
confederate
battle
flag
specialty
license
plates
pp
reversed
breyer
delivered
opinion
thomas
ginsburg
sotomayor
kagan
joined
alito
filed
dissenting
opinion
roberts
scalia
kennedy
joined
opinion
notice
opinion
subject
formal
revision
publication
preliminary
print
reports
readers
requested
notify
reporter
decisions
washington
typographical
formal
errors
order
corrections
may
made
preliminary
print
goes
press
john
walker
iii
chairman
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
et
petitioners
texas
division
sons
confederate
veterans
et
al
writ
certiorari
appeals
fifth
circuit
june
justice
breyer
delivered
opinion
texas
offers
automobile
owners
choice
ordinary
specialty
license
plates
want
state
issue
particular
specialty
plate
may
propose
plate
design
comprising
slogan
graphic
commonly
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
approves
design
state
make
available
display
vehicles
registered
texas
case
texas
division
sons
confederate
veterans
proposed
specialty
license
plate
design
featuring
confederate
battle
flag
board
rejected
proposal
must
decide
whether
rejection
violated
constitution
free
speech
guarantees
see
amdts
conclude
texas
law
requires
motor
vehicles
operating
state
roads
display
valid
license
plates
see
tex
transp
code
ann
west
supp
supp
texas
makes
available
several
kinds
plates
drivers
may
choose
display
state
license
plates
see
texas
dept
motor
vehicles
motor
vehicle
registration
manual
apr
plates
contains
word
texas
license
plate
number
silhouette
state
graphic
lone
star
slogan
lone
star
state
texas
dept
motor
vehicles
texas
classic
faqs
july
online
http
internet
materials
visited
june
available
clerk
case
file
alternative
drivers
may
choose
assortment
specialty
license
plates
west
plates
contains
word
texas
license
plate
number
one
selection
designs
prepared
state
see
ibid
specialty
license
plates
http
displaying
available
texas
specialty
plates
create
plate
design
http
finally
texas
law
provides
personalized
plates
also
known
vanity
plates
tex
admin
code
pursuant
personalization
program
vehicle
owner
may
request
particular
alphanumeric
pattern
use
plate
number
bob
concerned
second
category
plates
namely
specialty
license
plates
personalization
program
texas
offers
vehicle
owners
variety
specialty
plates
generally
annual
fee
see
texas
selects
designs
specialty
plates
three
distinct
processes
first
state
legislature
may
specifically
call
development
specialty
license
plate
see
tex
transp
code
west
supp
legislature
enacted
statutes
authorizing
example
plates
say
keep
texas
beautiful
mothers
drunk
driving
plates
honor
texas
citrus
industry
plates
feature
image
world
trade
center
towers
words
fight
terrorism
see
second
board
may
approve
specialty
plate
design
proposal
private
vendor
created
request
individual
organization
see
tex
admin
code
among
plates
created
process
plates
promoting
keller
indians
plates
slogan
get
sold
third
board
may
create
new
specialty
license
plates
initiative
receipt
application
nonprofit
entity
seeking
sponsor
specialty
plate
tex
transp
code
ann
nonprofit
must
include
application
draft
design
specialty
license
plate
tex
admin
code
texas
law
vests
board
authority
approve
disapprove
application
see
relevant
statute
says
board
may
refuse
create
new
specialty
license
plate
number
reasons
example
design
might
offensive
member
public
reason
established
rule
tex
transp
code
ann
specialty
plates
board
sanctioned
process
include
plates
featuring
words
gator
nation
together
florida
gators
logo
plates
featuring
logo
rotary
international
words
service
self
sons
confederate
veterans
texas
division
nonprofit
entity
applied
sponsor
specialty
license
plate
process
scv
application
included
draft
plate
design
see
appendix
infra
bottom
proposed
plate
words
sons
confederate
veterans
side
organization
logo
square
confederate
battle
flag
framed
words
sons
confederate
veterans
faint
confederate
battle
flag
appeared
background
lower
portion
plate
additionally
middle
plate
license
plate
number
top
state
name
silhouette
board
predecessor
denied
application
scv
renewed
application
board
board
invited
public
comment
website
open
meeting
considering
responses
including
number
letters
sent
elected
officials
opposed
proposal
board
voted
unanimously
issuing
plate
board
explained
found
necessary
deny
th
plate
design
application
specifically
confederate
flag
portion
design
public
comments
ha
shown
many
members
general
public
find
design
offensive
comments
reasonable
app
board
added
significant
portion
public
associate
confederate
flag
organizations
advocating
expressions
hate
directed
toward
people
groups
demeaning
people
groups
scv
two
officers
collectively
scv
brought
lawsuit
chairman
members
board
collectively
board
scv
argued
board
decision
violated
free
speech
clause
first
amendment
sought
injunction
requiring
board
approve
proposed
plate
design
district
entered
judgment
board
divided
panel
appeals
fifth
circuit
reversed
texas
sons
confederate
veterans
vandergriff
held
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
private
speech
board
refusing
approve
scv
design
engaged
constitutionally
forbidden
viewpoint
discrimination
dissenting
judge
argued
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
government
speech
content
state
free
control
granted
board
petition
certiorari
reverse
ii
government
speaks
barred
free
speech
clause
determining
content
says
pleasant
grove
city
summum
freedom
part
reflects
fact
democratic
electoral
process
first
foremost
provides
check
government
speech
see
board
regents
univ
system
southworth
thus
government
statements
government
actions
programs
take
form
speech
normally
trigger
first
amendment
rules
designed
protect
marketplace
ideas
see
johanns
livestock
marketing
instead
free
speech
clause
helps
produce
informed
opinions
among
members
public
able
influence
choices
government
words
deeds
reflect
electoral
mandate
see
stromberg
california
observing
constitutional
system
seeks
maintain
opportunity
free
political
discussion
end
government
may
responsive
people
free
speech
clause
interpreted
otherwise
government
work
city
government
create
successful
recycling
program
officials
writing
householders
asking
recycle
cans
bottles
include
letter
long
plea
local
trash
disposal
enterprise
demanding
contrary
state
government
effectively
develop
programs
designed
encourage
provide
vaccinations
officials
also
voice
perspective
oppose
type
immunization
easy
imagine
government
function
lacked
th
freedom
select
messages
wishes
convey
summum
supra
therefore
refused
hold
government
unconstitutionally
discriminates
basis
viewpoint
chooses
fund
program
dedicated
advance
certain
permissible
goals
program
advancing
goals
necessarily
discourages
alternative
goals
rust
sullivan
pointed
contrary
holding
render
numerous
government
programs
constitutionally
suspect
ibid
cf
keller
state
bar
every
citizen
right
insist
one
paid
public
funds
express
view
disagreed
debate
issues
great
concern
public
limited
private
sector
process
government
know
radically
transformed
made
clear
government
speak
southworth
supra
say
government
ability
express
without
restriction
constitutional
statutory
provisions
outside
free
speech
clause
may
limit
government
speech
summum
supra
free
speech
clause
may
constrain
government
speech
example
government
seeks
compel
private
persons
convey
government
speech
general
matter
government
speaks
entitled
promote
program
espouse
policy
take
position
represents
citizens
carries
duties
behalf
iii
view
specialty
license
plates
issued
pursuant
texas
statutory
scheme
convey
government
speech
reasoning
rests
primarily
analysis
summum
recent
case
presented
similar
problem
conclude
precedents
regarding
government
speech
precedents
regarding
forums
private
speech
provide
appropriate
framework
approach
case
see
summum
considered
religious
organization
request
erect
city
park
monument
setting
forth
organization
religious
tenets
see
park
permanent
displays
least
including
wishing
well
september
monument
historic
granary
city
first
fire
station
ten
commandments
monument
donated
city
private
entities
religious
organization
argued
free
speech
clause
required
city
display
organization
proposed
monument
accepting
broad
range
permanent
exhibitions
park
city
created
forum
private
speech
form
monuments
brief
respondent
pleasant
grove
city
summum
pp
rejected
organization
argument
held
city
provid
ed
forum
private
speech
respect
monuments
summum
rather
city
even
accepting
privately
donated
monument
placing
city
property
engage
expressive
conduct
speech
issue
decided
best
viewed
form
government
speech
therefore
subject
scrutiny
free
speech
clause
based
conclusion
several
factors
first
history
shows
overnments
long
used
monuments
speak
public
thus
observed
hen
government
entity
arranges
construction
monument
wishes
convey
thought
instill
feeling
see
structure
ibid
second
noted
common
property
owners
open
property
installation
permanent
monuments
convey
message
wish
associated
result
persons
observe
donated
monuments
routinely
reasonably
interpret
conveying
message
property
owner
behalf
ibid
observers
monuments
consequence
ordinarily
appreciate
identity
speaker
ibid
third
found
relevant
fact
city
maintained
control
selection
monuments
thought
fair
say
throughout
nation
history
general
government
practice
respect
donated
monuments
one
selective
receptivity
ibid
observed
city
government
summum
controlled
messages
sent
monuments
ark
exercising
approval
authority
selection
light
relevant
considerations
concluded
expression
issue
government
speech
see
reaching
conclusion
rejected
premise
involvement
private
parties
designing
monuments
sufficient
prevent
government
controlling
monuments
placed
public
park
see
cf
rust
supra
upholding
federal
regulation
limiting
speech
program
program
established
administered
private
parties
analysis
summum
leads
us
conclusion
government
speech
issue
first
history
license
plates
shows
insofar
license
plates
conveyed
state
names
vehicle
identification
numbers
long
communicated
messages
cf
governments
long
used
monuments
speak
public
arizona
became
first
state
display
graphic
plates
fox
license
plates
fox
minard
stentiford
moving
history
minard
state
presented
depiction
head
hereford
steer
fox
minard
years
since
new
hampshire
plates
featured
profile
old
man
mountain
massachusetts
plates
included
representation
commonwealth
famous
codfish
wyoming
plates
displayed
rider
atop
bucking
bronco
minard
idaho
became
first
state
include
slogan
plates
idaho
plate
proclaimed
idaho
potatoes
featured
illustration
brown
potato
onto
license
plate
number
superimposed
green
brown
potato
catch
slogans
license
plates
years
state
plates
included
phrases
north
future
alaska
keep
florida
green
florida
hoosier
hospitality
indiana
iodine
products
state
south
carolina
green
mountains
vermont
america
dairyland
wisconsin
fox
used
license
plate
slogans
urge
action
promote
tourism
tout
local
industries
texas
selected
various
messages
communicate
license
plate
designs
texas
begun
display
lone
star
emblem
plates
texas
department
transportation
history
texas
license
plates
state
plates
featured
first
slogan
texas
license
plates
word
centennial
texas
plates
promoted
san
antonio
event
including
phrase
hemisfair
texas
replaced
lone
star
small
silhouette
state
texas
plates
celebrated
years
statehood
additionally
texas
legislature
specifically
authorized
specialty
plate
designs
stating
among
things
read
succeed
houston
livestock
show
rodeo
texans
conquer
cancer
girl
scouts
tex
transp
code
ann
kind
state
speech
appeared
texas
plates
decades
second
texas
license
plate
designs
often
closely
identified
public
mind
state
summum
supra
texas
license
plate
government
article
serving
governmental
purposes
vehicle
registration
identification
governmental
nature
plates
clear
faces
state
places
name
texas
large
letters
top
every
plate
moreover
state
requires
texas
vehicle
owners
display
license
plates
every
texas
license
plate
issued
state
see
texas
also
owns
designs
license
plates
including
designs
texas
adopts
basis
proposals
made
private
individuals
organizations
see
texas
dictates
manner
drivers
may
dispose
unused
plates
see
see
also
requiring
vehicle
owners
return
unused
specialty
plates
state
texas
license
plates
essentially
government
ids
issuers
id
typically
permit
placement
ids
message
wish
associated
summum
consequently
persons
observe
designs
ids
routinely
reasonably
interpret
conveying
message
issuer
behalf
ibid
indeed
person
displays
message
texas
license
plate
likely
intends
convey
public
state
endorsed
message
individual
simply
display
message
question
larger
letters
bumper
sticker
right
next
plate
individual
prefers
license
plate
design
purely
private
speech
expressed
bumper
stickers
may
well
texas
license
plate
designs
convey
government
agreement
message
displayed
third
texas
maintains
direct
control
messages
conveyed
specialty
plates
texas
law
provides
state
sole
control
design
typeface
color
alphanumeric
pattern
license
plates
board
must
approve
every
specialty
plate
design
proposal
design
appear
texas
plate
tex
admin
code
board
predecessor
actively
exercised
authority
texas
asserts
scv
concedes
state
rejected
least
dozen
proposed
designs
reply
brief
tr
oral
arg
accordingly
like
city
government
summum
texas
controlled
messages
conveyed
exercising
approval
authority
selection
quoting
johanns
final
approval
authority
allows
texas
choose
present
constituency
thus
texas
offers
plates
celebrating
many
educational
institutions
attended
citizens
see
tex
transp
code
ann
need
issue
plates
deriding
schooling
texas
offers
plates
pay
tribute
texas
citrus
industry
see
need
issue
plates
praising
florida
oranges
far
better
texas
offers
plates
say
fight
terrorism
see
need
issue
plates
promoting
al
qaeda
considerations
taken
together
convince
us
specialty
plates
question
similar
enough
monuments
summum
call
result
say
every
element
discussion
summum
relevant
instance
summum
emphasized
monuments
permanent
observed
public
parks
accommodate
limited
number
permanent
monuments
believed
speech
issue
government
speech
rather
private
speech
part
found
hard
imagine
public
park
opened
installation
permanent
monuments
every
person
group
wishing
engage
form
expression
state
theoretically
offer
much
larger
number
license
plate
designs
designs
need
available
time
immemorial
characteristics
speech
issue
summum
particularly
important
government
speech
issue
occurred
public
parks
traditional
public
forums
delivery
speeches
holding
marches
demonstrations
private
citizens
contrast
license
plates
traditional
public
forums
private
speech
features
designs
texas
specialty
license
plates
indicate
message
conveyed
designs
conveyed
behalf
government
texas
board
selects
design
featured
state
specialty
license
plates
texas
presents
designs
ids
traditionally
used
medium
government
speech
places
designs
directly
large
letters
identifying
texas
issuer
ids
designs
accepted
therefore
meant
convey
effect
conveying
government
message
thus
constitute
government
speech
scv
believes
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
government
speech
least
respect
designs
comprising
slogans
graphics
initially
proposed
private
parties
according
scv
state
engage
expressive
activity
slogans
graphics
rather
provides
forum
private
speech
making
license
plates
available
display
private
parties
designs
agree
previously
used
called
forum
analysis
evaluate
government
restrictions
purely
private
speech
occurs
government
property
cornelius
naacp
legal
defense
ed
fund
forum
analysis
misplaced
state
speaking
behalf
first
amendment
strictures
attend
various
types
forums
apply
parties
agree
texas
specialty
license
plates
traditional
public
forum
street
park
ha
immemorially
held
trust
use
public
time
mind
ha
used
purposes
assembly
communicating
thoughts
citizens
discussing
public
questions
perry
ed
assn
perry
local
educators
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
rejected
view
traditional
public
forum
status
extends
beyond
historic
confines
arkansas
ed
television
forbes
specialty
license
plates
lie
far
beyond
confines
equally
clear
texas
specialty
plates
neither
public
forum
exists
government
property
traditionally
regarded
public
forum
intentionally
opened
purpose
summum
supra
limited
public
forum
exists
government
reserv
ed
forum
certain
groups
discussion
certain
topics
rosenberger
rector
visitors
univ
government
create
public
forum
inaction
permitting
limited
discourse
intentionally
opening
nontraditional
forum
public
discourse
cornelius
order
ascertain
whether
government
intended
designate
place
traditionally
open
assembly
debate
public
forum
looked
policy
practice
government
nature
property
compatibility
expressive
activity
ibid
texas
policies
nature
license
plates
indicate
state
intend
specialty
license
plates
serve
either
designated
public
forum
limited
public
forum
first
state
exercises
final
authority
specialty
license
plate
design
authority
militates
determination
texas
created
public
forum
see
explaining
school
mail
system
public
forum
practice
require
permission
individual
school
principal
access
system
communicate
teachers
granted
second
texas
takes
ownership
specialty
plate
design
making
particularly
untenable
state
intended
specialty
plates
serve
forum
public
discourse
finally
texas
license
plates
traditionally
used
government
speech
primarily
used
form
government
id
bear
state
name
features
texas
license
plates
indicate
texas
explicitly
associates
speech
plates
similar
reasons
conclude
texas
specialty
license
plates
nonpublic
um
exists
government
acting
proprietor
managing
internal
operations
international
soc
krishna
consciousness
lee
respect
specialty
license
plate
designs
texas
simply
managing
government
property
instead
engaging
expressive
conduct
described
reach
conclusion
based
historical
context
observers
reasonable
interpretation
messages
conveyed
texas
specialty
plates
effective
control
state
exerts
design
selection
process
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
meant
convey
effect
conveying
government
message
summum
constitute
government
speech
ibid
fact
private
parties
take
part
design
propagation
message
extinguish
governmental
nature
message
transform
government
role
mere
summum
private
entities
financed
donated
monuments
government
accept
ed
display
ed
public
similarly
private
parties
propose
designs
texas
may
accept
display
license
plates
case
summum
government
entity
may
exercise
freedom
express
views
even
receives
assistance
private
sources
purpose
delivering
message
case
summum
forum
analysis
inapposite
see
course
texas
allows
many
license
plate
designs
city
summum
allowed
monuments
holding
summum
dependent
precise
number
monuments
found
within
park
indeed
indicated
permanent
displays
new
york
city
central
park
also
constitute
government
speech
see
amicus
brief
informed
us
time
displays
see
brief
city
new
york
pleasant
grove
city
summum
may
well
many
messages
texas
wishes
convey
license
plates
messages
city
summum
wished
convey
monuments
texas
desire
communicate
numerous
messages
mean
messages
conveyed
texas
additionally
fact
texas
vehicle
owners
pay
annual
fees
order
display
specialty
license
plates
imply
plate
designs
merely
forum
private
speech
nonpublic
forums
provide
governments
opportunity
profit
speech
see
lehman
shaker
heights
plurality
opinion
existence
government
profit
alone
insufficient
trigger
forum
analysis
thus
city
summum
established
rule
organizations
wishing
donate
monuments
must
also
pay
fees
assist
park
maintenance
believe
result
case
different
think
sufficiently
clear
texas
speaking
specialty
license
plate
designs
existence
annual
fees
convince
us
specialty
plates
nonpublic
forum
finally
note
case
resemble
cases
identified
nonpublic
forum
case
like
perry
ed
found
school
district
internal
mail
system
nonpublic
forum
private
speech
see
undisputed
number
private
organizations
including
teachers
union
access
mail
system
see
therefore
clear
private
parties
government
used
system
communicate
contrast
specialty
license
plate
design
formally
approved
stamped
imprimatur
texas
case
like
lehman
found
advertising
space
city
buses
nonpublic
forum
see
paul
identifying
lehman
case
nonpublic
forum
messages
located
context
advertising
space
traditionally
available
private
speech
advertising
space
contrast
license
plates
bore
indicia
speech
owned
conveyed
government
case
like
cornelius
determined
charitable
fundraising
program
directed
federal
employees
constituted
nonpublic
forum
see
forum
lacked
kind
history
present
fundraising
drive
never
medium
government
speech
instead
established
bring
order
solicitation
process
previously
consisted
ad
hoc
solicitation
individual
charitable
organizations
drive
designed
minimize
disruption
federal
workplace
communicate
messages
government
charitable
solicitations
appear
government
id
government
name
contrast
instant
case
reason
employees
interpret
solicitation
conveying
message
government
behalf
summum
iv
determination
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
government
speech
mean
designs
also
implicate
free
speech
rights
private
persons
acknowledged
drivers
display
state
selected
license
plate
designs
convey
messages
communicated
designs
see
wooley
maynard
observing
vehicle
readily
associated
operator
drivers
displaying
license
plates
use
private
property
billboard
state
ideological
message
recognized
first
amendment
stringently
limits
state
authority
compel
private
party
express
view
private
party
disagrees
see
hurley
gay
lesbian
bisexual
group
boston
west
virginia
bd
ed
barnette
compelled
private
speech
issue
texas
require
scv
convey
state
ideological
message
wooley
supra
scv
force
texas
include
confederate
battle
flag
specialty
license
plates
reasons
stated
hold
texas
specialty
license
plate
designs
constitute
government
speech
texas
consequently
entitled
refuse
issue
plates
featuring
scv
proposed
design
accordingly
judgment
appeals
fifth
circuit
reversed
alito
dissenting
john
walker
iii
chairman
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
et
petitioners
texas
division
sons
confederate
veterans
et
al
writ
certiorari
appeals
fifth
circuit
june
justice
alito
chief
justice
justice
scalia
justice
kennedy
join
dissenting
decision
passes
private
speech
government
speech
establishes
precedent
threatens
private
speech
government
finds
displeasing
first
amendment
cases
distinction
government
speech
private
speech
critical
first
amendment
regulate
government
speech
therefore
government
speaks
free
select
views
wants
express
pleasant
grove
city
summum
contrast
realm
private
speech
expression
government
regulation
may
favor
one
speaker
another
rosenberger
rector
visitors
univ
unfortunately
decision
categorizes
private
speech
government
speech
thus
strips
first
amendment
protection
holds
privately
created
messages
many
specialty
plates
issued
state
texas
convey
government
message
rather
message
motorist
displaying
plate
possibly
correct
test
suppose
sat
side
texas
highway
studied
license
plates
vehicles
passing
see
addition
standard
texas
plates
impressive
array
specialty
plates
varieties
likely
observe
plates
honor
numerous
colleges
universities
might
see
plates
bearing
name
high
school
fraternity
sorority
masons
knights
columbus
daughters
american
revolution
realty
company
favorite
soft
drink
favorite
burger
restaurant
favorite
nascar
driver
sat
watching
plates
speed
really
think
sentiments
reflected
specialty
plates
views
state
texas
owners
cars
car
plate
says
rather
golfing
passed
monday
morning
think
official
policy
state
better
golf
work
viewing
start
college
football
season
saw
texas
plates
names
university
texas
competitors
upcoming
games
notre
dame
oklahoma
state
university
oklahoma
kansas
state
iowa
state
assume
state
texas
officially
perhaps
treasonously
rooting
longhorns
opponents
car
zipped
plate
reads
nascar
jeff
gordon
think
gordon
born
california
raised
indiana
resides
north
carolina
official
favorite
state
government
says
messages
government
speech
essential
government
able
express
viewpoint
reminds
us
otherwise
promote
programs
like
recycling
vaccinations
ante
texas
issues
rather
golfing
plate
rather
playing
tennis
rather
bowling
plate
furthering
state
policy
promote
golf
tennis
bowling
texas
allows
motorists
obtain
notre
dame
license
plate
university
southern
california
plate
taking
sides
rivalry
capacious
understanding
government
speech
takes
large
painful
bite
first
amendment
specialty
plates
may
seem
innocuous
make
motorists
happy
put
money
state
coffers
precedent
case
sets
dangerous
license
plates
unquestionably
contain
government
speech
name
state
numbers
letters
identifying
vehicle
state
texas
converted
remaining
space
specialty
plates
little
mobile
billboards
motorists
display
messages
texas
reject
one
messages
members
private
group
wanted
post
little
billboards
state
thought
many
citizens
find
message
offensive
blatant
viewpoint
discrimination
state
little
mobile
billboards
big
stationary
billboards
suppose
state
erected
electronic
billboards
along
highways
suppose
state
posted
government
messages
billboards
raise
money
allowed
private
entities
individuals
purchase
right
post
messages
suppose
state
allowed
messages
liked
found
controversial
constitutional
state
college
university
thing
similar
billboard
campus
bulletin
board
dorm
list
serve
allowed
private
messages
consistent
prevailing
views
campus
banned
disturbed
students
faculty
doubt
examples
viewpoint
discrimination
violate
first
amendment
hope
future
uses
today
precedent
remain
seen
specialty
plates
like
involved
case
recent
development
license
plates
originated
solely
means
identifying
vehicles
new
york
became
first
state
require
automobiles
licensed
rather
issue
license
plates
new
york
required
drivers
display
initials
cars
minard
stentiford
moving
history
two
years
later
massachusetts
became
first
state
issue
license
plates
plates
said
mass
automobile
register
displayed
vehicle
registration
number
plates
type
featuring
registration
number
name
state
sometimes
date
standard
decades
thereafter
see
see
also
generally
fox
license
plates
texas
license
plates
initially
followed
pattern
first
official
state
plate
appeared
featured
number
abbreviation
tex
texas
department
transportation
history
texas
license
plates
history
year
issue
added
state
began
issuing
plates
identified
certain
vehicle
types
commercial
trucks
farm
farm
trucks
overwidth
house
trailer
special
plate
word
centennial
created
mark
state
birthday
first
plate
identifying
owner
state
official
appeared
two
years
later
starting
texas
began
issuing
plates
identify
registrants
amateur
radio
operator
state
judge
disabled
veteran
sesquicentennial
plate
appeared
two
years
later
legislation
introduced
create
bronze
license
plate
lettering
available
fee
proposal
aimed
make
state
profit
failed
pass
ibid
anything
might
considered
message
featured
regularly
texas
plates
words
lone
star
state
added
means
bringing
favorable
recognition
texas
finally
late
license
plates
containing
small
variety
messages
selected
state
became
available
first
time
messages
included
slogans
like
read
succeed
keep
texas
beautiful
animal
friendly
big
bend
national
park
houston
livestock
show
rodeo
lone
star
proud
also
issued
plates
bearing
names
colleges
universities
plates
state
arts
state
capitol
restoration
made
available
raise
funds
special
purposes
idea
specialty
plates
took
hold
number
varieties
quickly
multiplied
today
told
texas
motorists
choose
messages
including
many
designs
proposed
nonprofit
groups
individuals
businesses
state
vendor
brief
respondents
see
also
texas
department
motor
vehicles
online
http
motorists
specialty
internet
materials
visited
june
available
clerk
case
file
http
drivers
select
plates
advertising
organizations
causes
like
boy
scouts
american
legion
blood
donor
girl
scouts
insure
texas
kids
mothers
drunk
driving
marine
mammal
recovery
save
texas
ocelots
share
road
texas
reads
texas
realtors
texas
realtor
texas
state
rifle
association
texas
trophy
hunters
association
world
wildlife
fund
ymca
young
plates
fraternities
sororities
schools
public
like
texas
texas
tech
private
like
trinity
university
baylor
even
larger
number
schools
honored
arizona
state
brigham
young
florida
state
michigan
state
alabama
south
carolina
name
political
slogans
like
come
take
tread
plates
promoting
citrus
industry
cotton
boll
commercial
businesses
specialty
plates
plates
advertising
remax
get
sold
remax
pepper
always
one
kind
mighty
fine
burgers
texas
division
sons
confederate
veterans
scv
organization
composed
descendants
confederate
soldiers
group
applied
texas
specialty
license
plate
proposed
design
featured
controversial
symbol
confederate
battle
flag
surrounded
words
sons
confederate
veterans
gold
border
app
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
board
invited
public
comments
considered
plate
design
meeting
april
meeting
one
board
member
absent
remaining
eight
members
deadlocked
whether
approve
plate
board
thus
reconsidered
plate
meeting
november
time
many
opponents
plate
turned
voice
objections
board
voted
unanimously
approval
issued
order
stating
board
considered
information
finds
necessary
deny
plate
design
application
specifically
confederate
flag
portion
design
public
comments
shown
many
members
general
public
find
design
offensive
comments
reasonable
board
finds
significant
portion
public
associate
confederate
flag
organizations
advocating
expressions
hate
directed
toward
people
groups
demeaning
people
groups
board
also
saw
compelling
public
interest
protecting
conspicuous
mechanism
identification
license
plate
degrading
possible
public
safety
issue
thought
public
interest
required
rejection
plate
design
controversy
surrounding
plate
great
design
distract
disturb
drivers
point
unreasonably
dangerous
ibid
meeting
board
approved
buffalo
soldiers
plate
design
vote
proceeds
fees
paid
motorists
select
plate
benefit
buffalo
soldier
national
museum
houston
dedicated
primarily
preserving
legacy
honor
african
american
soldier
buffalo
soldier
national
museum
online
http
buffalo
soldiers
nickname
originally
given
black
soldiers
army
cavalry
regiment
formed
civil
war
name
later
used
describe
black
soldiers
leckie
leckie
buffalo
soldiers
narrative
black
cavalry
west
original
buffalo
soldiers
fought
distinction
indian
wars
buffalo
soldiers
plate
opposed
native
americans
one
leader
commented
felt
way
buffalo
felt
confederate
flag
scharrer
specialty
license
plates
bring
revenue
stir
controversy
houston
chronicle
see
cavalry
uniform
explained
forced
relive
american
holocaust
ibid
ii
relying
almost
entirely
one
precedent
pleasant
grove
city
summum
holds
messages
private
groups
succeed
placing
texas
license
plates
government
messages
badly
misunderstands
summum
summum
private
group
claimed
right
erect
large
stone
monument
small
city
park
park
contained
permanent
displays
donated
private
parties
ibid
central
question
concerned
nature
municipal
government
conduct
accepted
privately
donated
monuments
placement
park
city
created
forum
private
speech
accepted
donated
monuments
expressed
government
message
held
monuments
represented
government
speech
identified
several
important
factors
led
conclusion
first
governments
long
used
monuments
means
expressing
government
message
put
ince
ancient
times
kings
emperors
rulers
erected
statues
remind
subjects
authority
power
important
public
monuments
like
statue
liberty
washington
monument
lincoln
memorial
express
principles
inspire
bind
nation
together
thus
long
experience
led
public
associate
public
monuments
government
speech
second
history
landowners
allowing
property
used
third
parties
site
large
permanent
monuments
express
messages
landowners
wish
convey
see
great
many
monuments
adorn
nation
public
parks
financed
private
funds
donated
private
parties
cities
jurisdictions
take
care
accepting
donated
monuments
select
conve
government
message
presented
summum
examples
public
parks
thrown
open
private
groups
individuals
put
whatever
monuments
desired
third
spatial
limitations
played
prominent
part
analysis
see
ublic
parks
accommodate
limited
number
permanent
monuments
consequently
permanent
monuments
monopolize
use
land
stand
interfere
permanently
uses
public
space
ibid
limited
number
monuments
built
given
space
governments
allow
parks
cluttered
monuments
serve
government
purpose
point
well
understood
visit
parks
view
monuments
contain
characteristics
rendered
public
monuments
government
speech
summum
present
texas
specialty
plate
program
begin
history
said
summum
governments
used
monuments
since
time
immemorial
express
important
government
messages
history
governments
giving
equal
space
wishing
express
dissenting
views
large
gilded
equestrian
statue
king
george
iii
dominated
bowling
green
small
park
lower
colonial
governor
surely
permitted
construction
land
monument
fallen
lexington
concord
accepted
third
french
republic
gift
statue
liberty
see
congress
seems
safe
say
welcomed
gift
statue
authoritarianism
one
offered
another
country
likely
national
park
service
today
receptive
private
groups
pointing
lincoln
memorial
martin
luther
king
memorial
vietnam
veterans
memorial
national
mall
sought
permission
put
monuments
jefferson
davis
orval
faubus
north
vietnamese
army
governments
always
used
public
monuments
express
government
message
members
public
understand
history
messages
license
plates
quite
different
beginning
motor
vehicle
registration
years
passed
proliferation
specialty
plates
texas
motorists
allowed
choose
among
messages
read
succeed
keep
texas
beautiful
history
point
words
texas
plates
considered
government
speech
messages
created
state
plausibly
promoted
state
point
within
last
years
state
began
allow
private
entities
secure
plates
conveying
messages
texas
crossed
line
contrast
history
public
monuments
used
convey
government
messages
centuries
texas
license
plate
program
starker
attempt
gather
historical
support
position
relies
plates
mottos
symbols
notes
issued
well
lone
star
state
made
debut
texas
history
irrelevant
present
purposes
like
texas
plate
plates
created
issued
motorists
generally
choice
accept
example
state
new
hampshire
made
crime
cover
words
live
free
die
plates
see
wooley
maynard
words
symbols
plates
sort
government
speech
plates
essentially
commissioned
private
entities
cost
exceeds
express
message
chosen
entities
different
quite
new
unlike
summum
history
suggest
messages
issue
government
speech
texas
specialty
plate
program
also
exhibit
selective
receptivity
present
summum
contrary
texas
program
selective
design
board
chairman
charged
approving
designs
explained
program
purpose
encourage
private
plates
order
generate
additional
revenue
state
time
board
base
decisions
rules
primarily
deal
reflectivity
readability
ibid
department
brochure
explains
provides
plate
design
though
design
subject
reflectivity
legibility
design
standards
pressed
come
evidence
state
exercised
selective
receptivity
texas
rely
primarily
sketchy
information
contained
record
specifically
board
predecessor
might
rejected
plate
perhaps
others
ground
contained
messages
offensive
see
ante
citing
reply
brief
tr
oral
arg
even
happened
shows
present
case
may
one
state
exercised
viewpoint
discrimination
texas
also
extrarecord
evidence
selectivity
concerns
proposed
plate
thought
create
threat
fair
enforcement
state
motor
vehicle
laws
reply
brief
citing
publicly
available
transcript
texas
department
motor
vehicles
board
meeting
online
http
www
txdmv
gov
reports
data
doc
download
proposed
plate
texas
dps
troopers
foundation
troopers
plate
proposed
board
considered
proposed
plate
august
meeting
approved
six
plate
designs
without
discussion
rejected
troopers
plate
deadlocked
vote
due
apparent
concern
plate
give
impression
displaying
receive
favored
treatment
state
troopers
constitutionality
board
action
necessarily
turn
whether
approval
plate
made
message
government
speech
believe
texas
specialty
plate
program
created
limited
public
forum
private
speech
may
excluded
inconsistent
purpose
forum
rosenberger
thus
even
texas
extrarecord
information
taken
account
picture
different
summum
texas
take
care
approve
proposed
plates
convey
messages
state
supports
instead
proclaims
open
private
messages
except
like
scv
plate
offend
viewed
believes
messages
privately
created
plates
government
speech
motorists
want
seal
state
approval
messages
therefore
prefer
plates
bumper
stickers
ante
dangerous
reasoning
big
difference
government
speech
speech
government
furtherance
programs
governmental
blessing
condemnation
private
speech
many
private
speakers
forum
welcome
sign
government
approval
realm
private
speech
government
regulation
may
favor
one
viewpoint
another
rosenberger
supra
final
factor
important
summum
space
park
accommodate
many
permanent
monuments
often
large
made
stone
monuments
last
centuries
difficult
move
license
plates
hand
small
light
mobile
designed
last
relatively
brief
time
absolute
limit
number
specialty
plates
state
issue
number
registered
vehicles
variety
available
plates
limitless
today
texas
offers
varieties
years
might
sum
texas
specialty
plate
program
none
factors
critical
summum
texas
program
exhibits
important
characteristic
missing
case
individuals
want
display
texas
specialty
plate
instead
standard
plate
must
pay
increased
annual
registration
fee
see
http
many
groups
individuals
clamor
pay
cost
deposit
required
create
new
plate
order
broadcast
government
message
opposed
texas
really
wants
speak
support
say
iowa
state
university
university
iowa
young
lawyers
old
ones
must
paid
say
things
really
wants
say
fees
texas
collects
pay
much
merely
administration
program
adopted
specialty
license
plate
programs
like
texas
bursting
things
want
say
license
plates
programs
adopted
bring
money
texas
makes
public
revenue
totals
generated
specialty
plate
program
apparent
program
brings
many
millions
dollars
every
year
see
http
txdmv
gov
reports
data
doc
download
texas
space
available
millions
little
mobile
billboards
texas
effect
sells
space
wish
use
express
personal
message
provided
message
express
viewpoint
state
finds
unacceptable
government
speech
regulation
private
speech
iii
texas
done
selling
space
license
plates
create
called
limited
public
forum
allowed
state
property
motor
vehicle
license
plates
used
private
speakers
according
rules
state
prescribes
cf
good
news
club
milford
central
school
first
amendment
however
rules
discriminate
basis
viewpoint
see
rosenberger
quoting
cornelius
naacp
legal
defense
ed
fund
exactly
texas
board
rejected
texas
scv
design
specifically
confederate
flag
portion
design
public
comments
shown
many
members
general
public
find
design
offensive
comments
reasonable
app
statements
indisputably
demonstrate
board
denied
texas
scv
design
viewpoint
confederate
battle
flag
controversial
symbol
texas
sons
confederate
veterans
said
evoke
memory
ancestors
soldiers
fought
south
civil
war
see
others
symbolizes
slavery
segregation
hatred
whatever
means
motorists
display
symbol
see
flag
expresses
viewpoint
board
rejected
plate
design
concluded
many
texans
find
flag
symbol
offensive
pure
viewpoint
discrimination
board
candid
explanation
reason
rejecting
scv
plate
alone
sufficient
establish
point
board
approval
buffalo
soldiers
plate
meeting
dispels
doubt
proponents
scv
buffalo
soldiers
plates
saw
honoring
soldiers
served
bravery
honor
past
opponents
plates
images
plates
evoked
painful
memories
board
rejected
one
plate
approved
like
two
plates
many
specialty
plates
potential
irritate
perhaps
even
infuriate
see
texas
allows
plate
words
choose
life
state
new
york
rejected
plate
message
incredibly
divisive
second
circuit
recently
sustained
decision
children
first
foundation
fiala
wl
may
texas
allows
specialty
plate
honoring
boy
scouts
group
refusal
accept
gay
leaders
angers
virginia
another
state
proliferation
specialty
plates
issues
plates
controversial
organizations
like
national
rifle
association
controversial
commercial
enterprises
raising
tobacco
mining
coal
controversial
sports
fox
hunting
professional
sports
team
controversial
name
washington
redskins
allowing
reject
specialty
plates
based
potential
offend
viewpoint
discrimination
board
decision
saved
suggestion
plate
allowed
distract
disturb
drivers
point
unreasonably
dangerous
app
rationale
withstand
strict
scrutiny
allow
specialty
plates
confederate
battle
texas
pointed
evidence
plates
led
incidents
road
rage
accidents
texas
ban
bumper
stickers
bearing
image
confederate
battle
flag
ban
many
bumper
stickers
convey
political
messages
messages
capable
exciting
ire
loathe
ideas
express
cf
good
news
club
supra
messages
proposed
private
parties
placed
texas
specialty
plates
private
speech
government
speech
texas
forbid
private
speech
based
viewpoint
approves
violation
first
amendment
respectfully
dissent
appendix
sample
texas
specialty
plates
found
http
footnotes
elliot
shifting
gears
forbes
life
pp
appendix
infra
reproduces
available
specialty
plates
mentioned
throughout
opinion
order
first
reference
categories
referenced
examples
category
included
statue
made
bullets
times
magazine
july
opinion
address
whether
unique
combination
letters
numbers
assigned
vehicle
even
selected
motorist
private
speech
see
http