oregon
ice
argued
october
decided
january
respondent
ice
twice
entered
girl
residence
sexually
assaulted
incidents
oregon
jury
found
ice
guilty
burglary
entering
intent
commit
sexual
abuse
sexual
assault
touching
victim
vagina
sexual
assault
touching
breasts
ice
sentenced
state
statute
providing
generally
concurrent
sentences
rev
stat
allowing
judge
impose
consecutive
sentences
circumstances
defendant
simultaneously
sentenced
offenses
arise
course
conduct
offenses
arise
course
conduct
judge
finds
either
hat
offense
indication
defendant
willingness
commit
one
criminal
offense
offense
caused
created
risk
causing
greater
qualitatively
different
harm
victim
trial
judge
first
found
two
burglaries
constituted
separate
incidents
exercised
discretion
impose
consecutive
sentences
crimes
found
offense
touching
victim
vagina
met
two
criteria
giving
judge
discretion
impose
sentences
offenses
consecutive
two
associated
burglary
sentences
elected
ordered
sentences
touching
victim
breasts
run
concurrently
sentences
appeal
ice
argued
inter
alia
sentencing
statute
unconstitutional
apprendi
new
jersey
blakely
washington
holding
sixth
amendment
guarantee
requires
jury
rather
judge
determine
fact
existence
prior
conviction
increases
maximum
punishment
authorized
particular
crime
appellate
affirmed
oregon
reversed
holding
apprendi
rule
applied
imposition
consecutive
sentences
increased
ice
quantum
punishment
held
light
historical
practice
authority
administration
criminal
justice
systems
sixth
amendment
inhibit
assigning
judges
rather
juries
finding
facts
necessary
imposition
consecutive
rather
concurrent
sentences
multiple
offenses
pp
declines
extend
apprendi
blakely
line
decisions
beyond
context
supplied
historic
grounding
decisions
application
apprendi
rule
must
honor
longstanding
practice
rule
rooted
cunningham
california
rule
animating
principle
preservation
jury
historic
role
bulwark
state
accused
trial
alleged
offense
see
apprendi
sixth
amendment
countenance
legislative
encroachment
jury
traditional
domain
see
considers
whether
finding
particular
fact
understood
within
jury
domain
bill
rights
framers
harris
also
cognizant
administration
discrete
criminal
justice
system
among
basic
sovereign
prerogatives
retain
see
patterson
new
york
twin
considerations
historical
practice
respect
state
sovereignty
counsel
extending
apprendi
imposition
sentences
discrete
crimes
historical
record
demonstrates
england
nation
founding
early
american
common
law
generally
entrusted
decision
whether
sentences
discrete
offenses
served
consecutively
concurrently
judges
unfettered
discretion
assigning
role
determination
jury
thus
legislative
reforms
regarding
imposition
multiple
sentences
implicate
core
concerns
prompted
decision
apprendi
encroachment
judge
upon
facts
historically
found
jury
threat
jury
domain
bulwark
trial
state
accused
instead
defendant
historically
may
faced
consecutive
sentences
default
granted
modern
legislatures
statutory
protections
meant
temper
harshness
historical
practice
ice
argument
entitled
concurrent
sentences
absent
factfindings
oregon
law
requires
rejected
scope
federal
constitutional
jury
right
must
informed
jury
historical
role
right
attach
every
contemporary
entitlement
predicate
findings
similar
reasons
cunningham
upon
ice
heavily
relies
control
holding
facts
permitting
imposition
elevated
upper
term
sentence
particular
crime
fell
within
jury
province
rather
sentencing
judge
cunningham
occasion
consider
appropriate
inquiry
erosion
jury
traditional
role
stake
pp
interest
development
penal
systems
historic
dominion
area
also
counsel
extension
apprendi
ice
requests
diminish
sovereign
authority
administration
criminal
justice
systems
absent
impelling
reason
limiting
judicial
discretion
impose
consecutive
sentences
serves
salutary
objectives
promoting
sentences
proportionate
gravity
offense
blakely
reducing
disparities
sentence
length
agree
scheme
making
consecutive
sentences
rule
concurrent
sentences
exception
encounters
sixth
amendment
shoal
hem
holding
may
choose
make
concurrent
sentences
rule
consecutive
sentences
exception
make
scant
sense
neither
apprendi
sixth
amendment
traditions
compel
straitjacketing
manner
potential
intrusion
apprendi
rule
state
initiatives
sentencing
choices
accoutrements
example
permitting
trial
judges
find
facts
offense
nature
defendant
character
determining
length
supervised
release
required
attendance
drug
rehabilitation
programs
terms
community
service
imposition
fines
restitution
cut
rule
loose
moorings
moreover
expansion
ice
seeks
difficult
administer
predicate
facts
consecutive
sentences
substantially
prejudice
defense
trial
guilt
phase
potentially
necessitating
bifurcated
trifurcated
trials
pp
reversed
remanded
ginsburg
delivered
opinion
stevens
kennedy
breyer
alito
joined
scalia
filed
dissenting
opinion
roberts
souter
thomas
joined
oregon
petitioner
thomas
eugene
ice
writ
certiorari
oregon
january
justice
ginsburg
delivered
opinion
case
concerns
scope
sixth
amendment
guarantee
construed
apprendi
new
jersey
blakely
washington
decisions
rooted
historic
jury
function
determining
whether
prosecution
proved
element
offense
beyond
reasonable
doubt
hold
within
jury
province
determine
fact
existence
prior
conviction
increases
maximum
punishment
authorized
particular
offense
thus
far
extended
apprendi
blakely
line
decisions
beyond
context
supplied
historic
grounding
decisions
question
presented
concerns
sentencing
function
jury
traditionally
played
part
defendant
tried
convicted
multiple
offenses
involving
discrete
sentencing
prescriptions
sixth
amendment
mandate
jury
determination
fact
declared
necessary
imposition
consecutive
lieu
concurrent
sentences
continue
tradition
entrust
judges
unfettered
discretion
decision
whether
sentences
discrete
offenses
shall
served
consecutively
concurrently
sentences
multiple
offenses
presumed
run
consecutively
sentencing
judges
may
order
concurrent
sentences
upon
finding
cause
therefor
including
oregon
constrain
judges
discretion
requiring
find
certain
facts
imposing
consecutive
rather
concurrent
sentences
undisputed
may
proceed
first
two
tracks
without
transgressing
sixth
amendment
sole
issue
dispute
whether
sixth
amendment
construed
apprendi
blakely
precludes
mode
proceeding
chosen
oregon
several
sister
hold
light
historical
practice
authority
administration
criminal
justice
systems
sixth
amendment
exclude
oregon
choice
state
laws
observed
prescribe
variety
approaches
decision
whether
defendant
sentences
distinct
offenses
shall
run
concurrently
consecutively
oregon
might
followed
prevailing
pattern
placing
decision
within
trial
discretion
almost
circumstances
instead
oregon
several
adopted
restrained
approach
provide
judicial
discretion
constrain
exercise
impose
consecutive
sentences
judges
must
make
certain
predicate
fact
controlling
statute
oregon
provides
sentences
shall
run
concurrently
unless
judge
finds
statutorily
described
facts
rev
stat
cases
finding
facts
permits
require
judge
order
consecutive
specifically
oregon
judge
may
order
consecutive
sentences
defendant
simultaneously
sentenced
criminal
offenses
arise
continuous
uninterrupted
course
conduct
offenses
arise
course
conduct
judge
may
still
impose
consecutive
sentences
finds
either
criminal
offense
indication
defendant
willingness
commit
one
criminal
offense
criminal
offense
caused
created
risk
causing
greater
qualitatively
different
loss
injury
harm
victim
different
victim
two
occasions
december
july
respondent
thomas
eugene
ice
entered
apartment
complex
managed
sexually
assaulted
girl
oregon
jury
convicted
ice
six
crimes
two
incidents
jury
found
guilty
burglary
entering
intent
commit
sexual
abuse
sexual
assault
touching
victim
vagina
sexual
assault
touching
victim
breasts
ibid
sentencing
judge
made
findings
pursuant
permitted
imposition
consecutive
sentences
first
judge
found
two
burglaries
constituted
separate
incident
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
based
finding
judge
exercised
discretion
impose
two
burglary
sentences
consecutively
ibid
see
second
found
offense
touching
victim
vagina
met
statutory
criteria
set
forth
ice
displayed
willingness
commit
one
offense
criminal
episode
conduct
caused
created
risk
causing
greater
qualitatively
different
loss
injury
harm
victim
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
findings
gave
judge
discretion
impose
sentence
sexual
assault
offenses
consecutive
associated
burglary
sentence
elected
ibid
ordered
however
sentences
touching
victim
breasts
run
concurrently
sentences
ibid
total
sentenced
ice
months
imprisonment
app
ice
appealed
sentences
relevant
part
argued
sixth
amendment
right
jury
sentencing
judge
find
facts
permitted
imposition
consecutive
sentences
appellate
affirmed
trial
judgment
without
opinion
app
oregon
granted
ice
petition
review
reversed
majority
view
rule
apprendi
applied
imposition
consecutive
sentences
increased
quantum
punishment
imposed
dissenting
justices
concluded
either
holding
apprendi
reasoning
support
ed
extending
decision
question
consecutive
sentencing
opinion
kistler
state
high
courts
divided
whether
rule
apprendi
governs
consecutive
sentencing
granted
review
resolve
question
ii
federal
constitution
guarantee
assigns
determination
certain
facts
jury
exclusive
province
guarantee
held
apprendi
fact
increases
penalty
crime
beyond
prescribed
statutory
maximum
must
submitted
jury
proved
beyond
reasonable
doubt
applied
apprendi
rule
facts
subjecting
defendant
death
penalty
ring
arizona
facts
allowing
sentence
exceeding
standard
range
washington
sentencing
system
blakely
facts
prompting
elevated
sentence
federal
sentencing
guidelines
booker
recently
cunningham
california
applied
apprendi
rule
facts
permitting
imposition
upper
term
sentence
california
determinate
sentencing
law
decisions
involved
sentencing
discrete
crime
multiple
offenses
different
character
committed
different
times
application
apprendi
rule
must
honor
longstanding
practice
rule
rooted
cunningham
rule
animating
principle
preservation
jury
historic
role
bulwark
state
accused
trial
alleged
offense
see
apprendi
guided
principle
opinions
make
clear
sixth
amendment
countenance
legislative
encroachment
jury
traditional
domain
see
accordingly
considered
whether
finding
particular
fact
understood
within
domain
jury
framed
bill
rights
harris
plurality
opinion
undertaking
inquiry
remain
cognizant
administration
discrete
criminal
justice
system
among
basic
sovereign
prerogatives
retain
see
patterson
new
york
twin
considerations
historical
practice
respect
state
sovereignty
counsel
extending
apprendi
rule
imposition
sentences
discrete
crimes
decision
impose
sentences
consecutively
within
jury
function
extends
centuries
common
law
apprendi
instead
specification
regime
administering
multiple
sentences
long
considered
prerogative
state
legislatures
historical
record
demonstrates
jury
played
role
decision
impose
sentences
consecutively
concurrently
rather
choice
rested
exclusively
judge
see
bishop
criminal
law
pp
ed
hen
two
convictions
sentence
remains
pronounced
judgment
may
direct
succeeding
period
imprisonment
shall
commence
termination
period
next
preceding
campbell
law
sentencing
ed
firmly
rooted
common
law
principle
selection
either
concurrent
consecutive
sentences
rests
within
discretion
sentencing
england
founding
early
american
ice
quarrel
account
consecutive
sentencing
practices
ages
brief
respondent
historical
record
indicates
judge
imposition
consecutive
rather
concurrent
sentences
prevailing
light
history
legislative
reforms
regarding
imposition
multiple
sentences
implicate
core
concerns
prompted
decision
apprendi
encroachment
judge
upon
facts
historically
found
jury
threat
jury
domain
bulwark
trial
state
accused
instead
defendant
historically
may
faced
consecutive
sentences
default
granted
modern
legislatures
statutory
protections
meant
temper
harshness
historical
practice
answer
ice
argues
concurrent
sentences
absent
fact
findings
oregon
law
requires
brief
respondent
ice
view
oregon
legislature
deviated
tradition
enacted
statute
hinges
consecutive
sentences
fact
findings
apprendi
rule
must
imported
brief
respondent
described
scope
constitutional
jury
right
must
informed
historical
role
jury
common
law
see
williams
florida
therefore
case
ice
suggests
federal
constitutional
right
attaches
every
contemporary
entitlement
predicate
findings
similar
reasons
cunningham
upon
ice
heavily
relies
control
case
stated
earlier
held
cunningham
facts
permitting
imposition
elevated
upper
term
sentence
particular
crime
fell
within
jury
province
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
assignment
finding
sentencing
judge
implicates
apprendi
core
concern
legislative
attempt
remove
province
jury
determination
facts
warrant
punishment
specific
statutory
offense
apprendi
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
occasion
consider
appropriate
inquiry
erosion
jury
traditional
role
stake
cunningham
thus
impede
conclusion
apprendi
core
concern
inapplicable
issue
hand
sixth
amendment
restriction
facts
interest
development
penal
systems
historic
dominion
area
also
counsel
extension
apprendi
ice
requests
beyond
question
authority
administration
criminal
justice
systems
lies
core
sovereign
status
see
patterson
goes
without
saying
preventing
dealing
crime
much
business
federal
long
recognized
role
laboratories
devising
solutions
difficult
legal
problems
see
new
state
ice
liebmann
brandeis
dissenting
diminish
role
absent
impelling
reason
bears
emphasis
state
legislative
innovations
like
oregon
seek
rein
discretion
judges
possessed
common
law
impose
consecutive
sentences
limiting
judicial
discretion
impose
consecutive
sentences
serves
salutary
objectives
promoting
sentences
proportionate
gravity
offense
blakely
reducing
disparities
sentence
length
see
lafave
israel
king
kerr
criminal
procedure
ed
agree
scheme
making
consecutive
sentences
rule
concurrent
sentences
exception
encounters
sixth
amendment
shoal
hem
holding
may
equally
choose
make
concurrent
sentences
rule
consecutive
sentences
exception
make
scant
sense
neither
apprendi
sixth
amendment
traditions
compel
straitjacketing
manner
unclear
many
state
initiatives
fall
ice
proposed
expansion
apprendi
observed
amici
brief
supporting
oregon
currently
permit
judges
make
variety
sentencing
determinations
length
incarceration
trial
judges
often
find
facts
nature
offense
character
defendant
determining
example
length
supervised
release
following
service
prison
sentence
required
attendance
drug
rehabilitation
programs
terms
community
service
imposition
statutorily
prescribed
fines
orders
restitution
see
brief
state
indiana
et
al
amici
curiae
intruding
apprendi
rule
decisions
sentencing
choices
accoutrements
surely
cut
rule
loose
moorings
moreover
expansion
ice
seeks
difficult
administer
predicate
facts
consecutive
sentences
substantially
prejudice
defense
guilt
phase
trial
result
bifurcated
trifurcated
trials
might
often
prove
necessary
brief
state
indiana
et
al
amici
curiae
burden
nation
trial
courts
absent
genuine
affront
apprendi
instruction
recognize
every
state
initiative
harmony
sixth
amendment
ideals
previously
emphasized
structural
democratic
constraints
exist
discourage
legislatures
pernicious
manipulation
rules
articulate
apprendi
event
confronted
manipulation
required
question
whether
legislative
measure
constitutional
prior
decisions
oregon
statute
us
today
raises
concern
iii
members
warned
wooden
unyielding
insistence
expanding
apprendi
doctrine
far
beyond
necessary
boundaries
cunningham
kennedy
dissenting
right
best
honored
principled
rationale
applies
rule
apprendi
cases
within
central
sphere
concern
disposition
today
upholding
oregon
statute
assigns
judges
decision
traditionally
belonged
jury
faithful
aim
reasons
stated
judgment
oregon
reversed
case
remanded
proceedings
inconsistent
opinion
ordered
oregon
petitioner
thomas
eugene
ice
writ
certiorari
oregon
january
justice
scalia
chief
justice
justice
souter
justice
thomas
join
dissenting
rule
apprendi
new
jersey
clear
fact
prior
conviction
increases
maximum
punishment
defendant
may
sentenced
must
admitted
defendant
proved
beyond
reasonable
doubt
jury
oregon
sentencing
scheme
allows
judges
rather
juries
find
facts
necessary
commit
defendants
longer
prison
sentences
thus
directly
contradicts
held
eight
years
ago
reaffirmed
several
times
since
justification
oregon
scheme
virtual
copy
dissents
cases
judge
case
imposed
sentence
consecutive
prison
terms
without
making
factual
finding
defendant
caused
separate
harms
victim
acts
produced
two
convictions
see
kistler
dissenting
thus
doubt
judge
factual
finding
essential
punishment
imposed
booker
end
matter
blakely
washington
instead
attempts
distinguish
oregon
sentencing
scheme
reasoning
rule
apprendi
applies
length
sentence
individual
crime
total
sentence
defendant
understand
make
strange
exception
treasured
right
trial
jury
neither
reasoning
apprendi
line
cases
distinctive
history
factfinding
necessary
imposition
consecutive
sentences
course
logic
supports
odd
rule
taken
pains
reject
artificial
limitations
upon
facts
subject
guarantee
long
ago
made
clear
guarantee
turns
upon
penal
consequences
attached
fact
formal
definition
element
crime
mullaney
wilbur
recently
rejected
contention
aggravating
circumstances
qualify
defendant
death
penalty
found
jury
said
state
makes
increase
defendant
authorized
punishment
contingent
finding
fact
fact
matter
state
labels
must
found
jury
beyond
reasonable
doubt
ring
arizona
bare
three
years
ago
rejecting
contention
facts
determining
application
federal
sentencing
guidelines
found
jury
set
forth
pragmatic
practical
nonformalistic
rule
terms
mistaken
jury
must
find
existence
particular
fact
law
makes
essential
defendant
punishment
booker
supra
quoting
blakely
supra
rule
leaves
room
formalistic
distinction
facts
bearing
number
years
imprisonment
defendant
serve
one
count
subject
rule
apprendi
facts
bearing
many
years
served
total
subject
apprendi
doubt
consecutive
sentences
greater
punishment
concurrent
sentences
apprendi
supra
hitherto
taken
note
reality
concurrent
sentence
traditionally
imposed
less
severe
sanction
consecutive
sentence
ralston
robinson
emphasis
deleted
decision
impose
consecutive
sentences
alters
single
consequence
important
convicted
noncapital
defendants
date
release
prison
many
defendants
difference
consecutive
concurrent
sentences
important
jury
verdict
innocence
single
count
two
consecutive
sentences
circumstances
severe
punishment
number
concurrent
sentences
support
puts
forward
arguments
regarding
history
sentencing
rejected
apprendi
entirely
irrelevant
judges
discretion
impose
either
consecutive
concurrent
sentences
ante
entirely
irrelevant
judges
discretion
impose
greater
lesser
sentences
within
prescribed
statutory
maximum
individual
convictions
sixth
amendment
problem
system
exposes
defendants
known
range
sentences
guilty
verdict
system
says
judge
may
punish
burglary
years
every
burglar
knows
risking
years
jail
blakely
supra
analysis
applies
system
consecutive
concurrent
sentences
authorized
jury
verdict
guilt
knows
risking
consecutive
sentences
concern
precisely
concern
apprendi
happens
state
breaks
practice
discretionary
sentences
permits
imposition
elevated
sentence
upon
showing
extraordinary
facts
system
defendant
entitled
lighter
sentence
reason
sixth
amendment
facts
bearing
upon
entitlement
must
found
jury
blakely
protests
case
encroachment
erosion
jury
role
traditionally
judge
determine
whether
concurrent
terms
ante
alas
argument
made
rejected
apprendi
jury
role
diminished
apprendi
dissent
contended
traditionally
judges
juries
determine
sentence
opinion
breyer
opinion
acknowledged
century
practice
leave
sentencing
judges
within
limits
fixed
law
said
practice
bearing
upon
whether
jury
must
find
fact
law
conditions
higher
sentence
upon
fact
jury
role
diminished
length
sentence
made
depend
upon
fact
removed
determination
true
observes
results
oregon
system
readily
achieved
instead
system
consecutive
sentences
default
rule
judges
permitted
impose
concurrent
sentences
find
certain
facts
ante
undoubtedly
sixth
amendment
permits
system
judges
authorized
even
required
impose
consecutive
sentences
unless
defendant
proves
additional
facts
satisfaction
see
ibid
permissibility
alternative
means
achieving
end
obviously
distinguish
apprendi
argument
argument
raised
squarely
rejected
case
defendant
escape
statutory
maximum
showing
example
war
veteran
judge
finds
fact
veteran
status
neither
exposing
defendant
deprivation
liberty
greater
authorized
verdict
according
statute
judge
imposing
upon
defendant
greater
stigma
accompanying
jury
verdict
alone
core
concerns
animating
jury
requirements
thus
absent
scheme
ultimately
abandons
effort
provide
analytic
support
decision
turns
thinks
oregon
scheme
ante
limiting
judicial
discretion
told
promotes
sentences
proportionate
gravity
offense
reduces
disparities
sentence
length
ibid
argument
argument
made
rejected
booker
see
blakely
see
protection
sixth
amendment
turn
opinion
whether
alternative
scheme
good
policy
whether
legislature
compassionate
heart
adopting
right
trial
jury
proof
beyond
reasonable
doubt
given
legislative
policymaking
good
bad
heartless
compassionate
must
work
within
confines
reality
course
probably
exaggerates
benign
effect
oregon
scheme
suggested
defense
bar
vigorous
objection
evidenced
participation
national
association
criminal
defense
lawyers
amicus
favor
respondent
even
exaggeration
replay
rejected
dissent
one
prior
cases
responded
hard
believe
national
association
criminal
defense
lawyers
somehow
duped
arguing
wrong
side
blakely
supra
finally
summons
parade
horribles
assembled
amicus
brief
supporting
oregon
notes
rial
judges
often
find
facts
connection
variety
sentencing
determinations
length
incarceration
worries
even
ability
set
length
supervised
release
impose
community
service
order
entry
drug
rehabilitation
program
may
called
question
ante
courses
reduce
rather
augment
punishment
jury
verdict
imposes
problem
last
horrible
invokes
prospect
bifurcated
even
trifurcated
trials
order
jury
find
facts
essential
consecutive
sentencing
without
prejudicing
defendant
merits
case
ibid
another
déjà
vu
déjà
rejeté
watched
parade
past
several
opinions
saluted
see
blakely
supra
breyer
dissenting
apprendi
supra
peroration
says
right
best
honored
rationale
applies
rule
apprendi
cases
central
sphere
concern
ante
quoting
cunningham
california
kennedy
dissenting
undoubtedly
hitherto
considered
central
sphere
concern
facts
necessary
increase
defendant
sentence
beyond
jury
verdict
alone
justifies
jury
verdict
alone
authorize
sentence
instead
judge
must
find
additional
fact
impose
longer
term
sixth
amendment
requirement
satisfied
opinion
doubling
tripling
defendant
jail
time
consecutive
sentencing
meet
description
nothing
principled
rationale
reliance
upon
distinction
without
difference
repeated
exhumation
arguments
dead
buried
prior
cases
seems
epitome
opposite
today
opinion
muddies
waters
gives
cause
doubt
whether
willing
stand
apprendi
interpretation
sixth
amendment
guarantee
footnotes
connecticut
stat
idaho
idaho
code
lexis
nebraska
neb
rev
stat
see
generally
brief
national
association
criminal
defense
lawyers
amicus
curiae
listing
laws
nine
florida
stat
kansas
stat
ann
mississippi
miss
code
ann
maine
rev
stat
tit
state
keene
tennessee
code
ann
state
allen
oregon
rev
stat
sentences
must
run
consecutively
however
hen
defendant
sentenced
crime
committed
defendant
incarcerated
rev
stat
judge
ordered
concurrent
service
sentences
ice
time
prison
months
app
preliminarily
oregon
ruled
unanimously
findings
constitute
elements
specific
crime
therefore
right
safeguarded
oregon
constitution
violated
compare
people
wagener
holding
apprendi
apply
keene
state
foster
ohio
holding
apprendi
applicable
king
wilkes
tr
see
also
lee
walker
high
always
inherent
jurisdiction
impose
consecutive
sentences
imprisonment
appropriate
case
power
russell
commonwealth
serg
rawle
judicial
imposition
consecutive
sentences
common
practice
courts
state
warranted
principle
practice
authority
walsh
neb
great
weight
authority
favor
proposition
power
impose
cumulative
sentences
breton
howard
rule
denies
power
impose
cumulative
sentences
turns
trial
conviction
indictments
except
one
idle
queen
cutbush
cox
crim
cas
ight
justice
require
man
guilty
separate
offences
escape
punishment
due
additional
offence
merely
already
sentenced
imprisoned
another
offence
ibid
noting
practice
impose
consecutive
sentences
far
living
judicial
memory
goes
back