vacco
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quill
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plyler
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new
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outlawing
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suicide
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involve
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classifications
washington
glucksberg
ante
therefore
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strong
presumption
validity
heller
doe
faces
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assisted
suicide
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patients
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equal
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new
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transit
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beazer
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health
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see
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ante
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press
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vacco
attorney
general
new
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et
petitioners
timothy
quill
et
al
writ
certiorari
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second
circuit
june
chief
justice
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delivered
opinion
new
york
crime
aid
another
commit
attempt
suicide
patients
may
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even
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treatment
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case
whether
new
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prohibition
assisting
suicide
therefore
violates
equal
protection
clause
fourteenth
amendment
hold
petitioners
various
new
york
public
officials
respondents
timothy
quill
samuel
klagsbrun
howard
grossman
physicians
practice
new
york
assert
although
consistent
standards
medical
practice
prescribe
lethal
medication
mentally
competent
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ill
patients
suffering
great
pain
desire
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help
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lives
deterred
new
york
ban
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suicide
app
respondents
three
gravely
ill
patients
since
died
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attorney
general
district
urged
new
york
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person
refuse
life
sustaining
medical
treatment
refusal
treatment
essentially
thing
physician
assisted
suicide
new
york
assisted
suicide
ban
violates
equal
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clause
quill
koppell
supp
sdny
district
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new
york
obvious
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preserving
life
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system
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state
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circuit
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assisted
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new
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treat
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extent
new
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ill
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antonio
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rodriguez
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glucksberg
ante
see
san
antonio
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doe
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york
ban
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suicide
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patients
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speaking
laws
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equal
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new
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city
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beazer
see
personnel
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people
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cert
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eath
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american
medical
association
council
ethical
judicial
affairs
physician
assisted
suicide
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law
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leon
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aid
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unwanted
medical
technology
surgery
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superintendent
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state
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saikewicz
mass
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eisenhower
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refusing
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fosmire
nicoleau
erely
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care
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nom
garger
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jersey
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cruzan
majority
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kevorkian
similarly
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line
assisting
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permitting
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former
permitting
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glucksberg
ante
nearly
expressly
disapprove
ofsuicide
assisted
suicide
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statutes
dealing
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report
new
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apr
recently
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studied
assisted
suicide
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unanimously
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legalization
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sought
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suicide
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context
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task
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radically
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director
mo
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health
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al
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dennis
vacco
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general
new
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quill
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al
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ante
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state
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liebmann
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patients
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washington
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obtain
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washington
et
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harold
glucksberg
et
al
writ
certiorari
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ninth
circuit
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vacco
attorney
general
new
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et
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quill
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al
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democratic
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ante
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wd
three
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new
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quill
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care
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assist
suicide
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see
marzen
crone
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suicide
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right
duquesne
rev
appendix
respondents
also
argue
state
irrationally
distinguishes
physician
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suicide
terminal
sedation
process
respondents
characterize
induc
ing
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coma
thenstarv
ing
person
death
brief
respondents
see
petitioners
insist
however
lthough
proponents
physician
assisted
suicide
euthanasia
contend
terminal
sedation
covert
physician
assisted
suicide
euthanasia
concept
sedating
pharmacotherapy
based
informed
consent
principle
double
effect
reply
brief
petitioners
quoting
rousseau
terminal
sedation
care
dying
patients
archives
internal
med
state
may
prohibit
assisting
suicide
permitting
patients
refuse
unwanted
lifesaving
treatment
may
permit
palliative
care
related
refusal
may
foreseen
unintended
double
effect
hastening
patient
death
see
new
york
task
force
death
sought
supra
widely
recognized
provision
pain
medication
ethically
professionally
acceptable
even
treatment
may
hasten
patient
death
medication
intended
alleviate
pain
severe
discomfort
cause
death
insist
justice
stevens
suggests
ante
concurring
opinion
cases
fact
significant
difference
intent
physicians
patients
families
withdrawal
treatment
physician
assisted
suicide
cases
see
supra
physician
withdraws
honors
patient
refusal
begin
life
sustaining
medical
treatment
purposefully
intends
may
intend
respect
patient
wishes
true
doctor
provides
aggressive
palliative
care
physician
purpose
intent
may
ease
patient
pain
emphasis
added
absence
omniscience
however
state
entitled
act
reasonableness
distinction
justice
stevens
observes
holding
today
foreclose
possibility
applications
new
york
statute
may
impose
intolerable
intrusion
patient
freedom
ante
concurring
opinion
true
observe
glucksberg
ante
particular
plaintiff
hoping
show
new
york
assisted
suicide
ban
unconstitutional
particular
case
need
present
different
considerably
stronger
arguments
advanced
respondents
justice
ginsburg
concurs
judgments
substantially
reasons
stated
opinion
justice
breyer
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opinion
except
insofar
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opinions
gregg
georgia
proffitt
florida
jurek
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godfrey
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enmund
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penry
lynaugh
see
ante
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washington
statute
validly
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look
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statute
constitutionally
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rev
arguing
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establishthat
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applications
statute
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real
substantial
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judged
relation
statute
plainly
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sweep
broadrick
oklahoma
opinion
demonstrates
washington
statute
prohibiting
assisted
suicide
plainly
legitimate
sweep
demonstration
provides
sufficient
justification
rejecting
respondents
facial
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mean
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meachum
fano
stevens
dissenting
nancy
cruzan
interest
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whose
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note
evidence
significant
number
physicians
support
practice
hastening
death
particular
situations
survey
published
new
england
journal
medicine
found
responding
doctors
michigan
preferred
legalizing
assisted
suicide
explicit
ban
bachman
et
attitudes
michigan
physicians
public
toward
legalizing
physician
assisted
suicide
voluntary
euthanasia
new
england
med
survey
oregon
doctors
responding
doctors
supported
legalizing
assisted
suicide
terminally
ill
patients
see
lee
et
legalizing
assisted
suicide
views
physicians
oregon
new
england
med
another
study
showed
physicians
polled
washington
state
reported
asked
terminally
ill
patients
prescriptions
hasten
death
year
prior
study
physicians
complied
requests
see
back
wallace
starks
perlman
physician
assisted
suicide
euthanasia
washington
state
jama
see
also
doukas
waterhouse
gorenflo
seld
attitudes
behaviors
physician
assisted
death
study
michigan
oncologists
clinical
oncology
reporting
responding
michigan
oncologists
reported
active
participation
assisted
suicide
slome
moulton
huffine
gorter
abrams
physicians
attitudes
toward
assisted
suicide
aids
acquired
immune
deficiency
syndromes
reporting
responding
physicians
treat
aids
patients
likely
grant
patient
request
assistance
hastening
death
see
vacco
quill
ante
nn
american
medical
association
recognized
distinction
supported
nancy
cruzan
continues
recognize
distinction
support
cases
doctor
prescribes
lethal
drugs
self
administered
patient
clear
physician
intent
thatthe
patient
made
dead
ante
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
many
patients
prescribed
lethal
medications
never
actually
take
merely
acquire
sense
control
process
dying
availability
medications
provides
see
back
supra
see
also
quill
new
england
describing
patients
fear
death
less
feel
option
physician
assisted
suicide