davila davis director texas department criminal justice correctional institutions division argued april decided june petitioner state capital murder trial trial overruled counsel objection proposed jury instruction submitted instruction jury convicted petitioner appellate counsel challenge jury instruction petitioner conviction sentence affirmed petitioner state habeas counsel raise instructional issue challenge appellate counsel failure raise appeal state habeas denied relief petitioner sought federal habeas relief invoking martinez ryan trevino thaler petitioner argued state habeas counsel ineffective assistance failing raise claim provided cause excuse procedural default claim district denied relief concluding martinez trevino apply exclusively claims fifth circuit denied certificate appealability held ineffective assistance postconviction counsel provide cause excuse procedural default claims pp coleman thompson held attorney error committed course state postconviction proceedings constitution guarantee right counsel supply cause excuse procedural default occurs proceedings martinez announced equitable qualification coleman rule applies state law requires claim ineffective assistance trial counsel raised collateral proceeding rather direct appeal situations procedural default bar federal habeas hearing substantial claim ineffective assistance trial default results ineffective assistance prisoner counsel collateral proceeding clarified trevino martinez exception also applies state procedural framework reason design operation makes unlikely typical case defendant meaningful opportunity raise claim direct appeal pp declines extend martinez exception allow federal hear substantial procedurally defaulted claim appellate ineffectiveness prisoner state postconviction counsel provides ineffective assistance failing raise pp martinez support extending exception new categories procedurally defaulted claims martinez purport displace coleman general rule governing procedural default rather qualifie coleman recognizing narrow exception made clear rule coleman governs th ose limited circumstances applying martinez highly circumscribed equitable exception new categories procedurally defaulted claims precisely disclaimed case martinez underlying rationale support extending exception claims petitioner argues situation analogous martinez expressed concern claims might completely evade review martinez made clear however exercised equitable discretion view unique importance protecting defendant trial rights particularly right effective assistance trial counsel declining expand martinez context respect judgment petitioner rule required ensure meritorious claims trial error receive review least one state federal martinez chief concern see claim trial error preserved trial counsel raised counsel appeal addressed trial unpreserved trial error obvious appellate counsel constitutionally required raise appeal trial counsel likely provided ineffective assistance failing raise trial circumstance prisoner likely invoke martinez coleman obtain review trial counsel failure object similarly underlying defaulted claim trial error ineffective assistance trial counsel premised something failure object martinez coleman already provide vehicle obtaining review error circumstances pp equitable concerns addressed martinez apply claims martinez trevino deliberately chose make postconviction process means raising claims determined inequitable refuse hear defaulted claim state channeled claim forum prisoner might lack assistance counsel raising made similar choice respect claims since claims generally presented termination direct appeal fact claims considered proceedings counsel constitutionally guaranteed function nature claim deliberate choices pp martinez decision also grounded part belief narrow exception unlikely impose significant systemic costs see adopting petitioner proposed extension flood federal courts defaulted claims potentially serve gateway federal review host defaulted claims trial error also aggravate harm federalism federal habeas review state convictions necessarily causes burdens federal courts federal system severe systemic benefit small claims heard federal solely virtue petitioner proposed rule likely largely meritless pp fed appx affirmed thomas delivered opinion roberts kennedy alito gorsuch joined breyer filed dissenting opinion ginsburg sotomayor kagan joined opinion notice opinion subject formal revision publication preliminary print reports readers requested notify reporter decisions washington typographical formal errors order corrections may made preliminary print goes press erick daniel davila petitioner lorie davis director texas department criminal justice correctional institutions division writ certiorari appeals fifth circuit june justice thomas delivered opinion federal habeas courts reviewing convictions state courts consider claims state refused hear based adequate independent state procedural ground state prisoner may able overcome bar however establish cause excuse procedural default demonstrate suffered actual prejudice alleged error attorney error qualify cause excuse procedural default unless error amounted constitutionally ineffective assistance counsel prisoner constitutional right counsel state postconviction proceedings ineffective assistance proceedings qualify cause excuse procedural default see coleman thompson martinez ryan trevino thaler announced narrow exception coleman general rule exception treats ineffective assistance prisoner state postconviction counsel cause overcome default single claim ineffective assistance trial counsel single context state effectively requires defendant bring claim state postconviction proceedings rather direct appeal question case whether extend exception allow federal courts consider different kind defaulted claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel decline april group family friends gathered annette stevenson home celebrate granddaughter birthday petitioner erick daniel davila believing seen member rival street gang celebration fired rifle group eating cake ice cream shot killed annette granddaughter queshawn wounded three children one woman police arrested petitioner confessed killings stated aiming kids woman trying kill annette son queshawn father jerry stevenson guys porch app guys porch apparently women state indicted petitioner capital murder tex penal code ann west makes capital crime murde one person criminal transaction response jury request clarification deliberations trial proposed instructing jury transferred intent doctrine jury find petitioner guilty murder determined intended kill one person instead killed different person petitioner counsel objected additional instruction arguing trial judge wait submit jury indicates ca reach resolution app trial overruled objection submitted instruction jury jury convicted petitioner capital murder trial sentenced petitioner death petitioner appealed conviction sentence although appellate counsel argued state presented insufficient evidence show acted requisite intent counsel challenge instruction transferred intent texas criminal appeals affirmed petitioner conviction sentence davila state wl cert denied petitioner next sought habeas relief texas state counsel challenge instruction transferred intent challenge failure appellate counsel raise alleged instructional error direct appeal texas criminal appeals denied relief ex parte davila wl apr cert denied petitioner sought habeas relief federal district relevant argued appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance failing challenge jury instruction transferred intent petitioner conceded failed raise claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel state habeas petition argued failure result state habeas counsel ineffective assistance petitioner invoked decisions martinez trevino argue state habeas attorney ineffective assistance provided cause excuse procedural default claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel district denied petitioner petition concluded martinez trevino supply cause excuse procedural default petitioner claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel decisions applied exclusively claims ineffective assistance trial counsel see davila stephens wl nd apr appeals fifth circuit denied certificate appealability ground fed appx petitioner sought writ certiorari asking us reverse fifth circuit ground martinez trevino extended claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel granted certiorari affirm ii decision case guided two fundamental tenets federal review state convictions first state prisoner must exhaust available state remedies presenting claim federal habeas exhaustion requirement designed avoid unseemly result federal upset ting state conviction without first according state courts opportunity correct constitutional violation rose lundy internal quotation marks omitted second federal may review federal claims procedurally defaulted state claims state denied based adequate independent state procedural rule beard kindler important corollary exhaustion requirement dretke haley cases state prisoner fails exhaust state remedies habeas petitioner failed meet state procedural requirements presenting federal claims deprived state courts opportunity address merits claims first instance coleman procedural default doctrine thus advances comity finality federalism interests advanced exhaustion doctrine see mccleskey zant state prisoner may overcome prohibition reviewing procedurally defaulted claims show cause excuse failure comply state procedural rule actual prejudice resulting alleged constitutional violation wainwright sykes coleman supra establish cause element doctrine relevant case prisoner must show objective factor external defense impeded counsel efforts comply state procedural rule murray carrier factor external defense fairly attributed prisoner coleman supra long rule attorney error objective external factor providing cause excusing procedural default error amounted deprivation constitutional right counsel see edwards carpenter error amounting constitutionally ineffective assistance imputed state therefore external prisoner murray supra attorney error violate constitution however attributed prisoner principles agency law coleman supra follows proceedings constitution guarantee assistance counsel attorney error provide cause excuse default thus coleman held attorney error committed course state postconviction proceedings constitution guarantee right counsel see murray giarratano plurality opinion supply cause excuse procedural default occurs proceedings martinez announced narrow equitable qualification rule coleman applies state law requires prisoners raise claims ineffective assistance trial counsel collateral proceeding rather direct appeal martinez held situations procedural default bar federal habeas hearing substantial claim ineffective assistance trial default results ineffective assistance prisoner counsel collateral proceeding trevino clarified exception applies state law explicitly prohibits prisoners bringing claims ineffective assistance trial counsel direct appeal state procedural framework reason design operation makes unlikely typical case defendant meaningful opportunity raise claim direct appeal slip iii petitioner asks us extend martinez allow federal hear substantial procedurally defaulted claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel prisoner state postconviction counsel provides ineffective assistance failing raise claim decline face martinez provides support extending narrow exception new categories procedurally defaulted claims martinez purport displace coleman general rule governing procedural default rather qualifie coleman recognizing narrow exception applies claims ineffective assistance counsel trial state law claims must raised collateral proceeding martinez supra trevino merely clarified exception applies whether state law explicitly effectively forecloses review claim direct appeal slip op limited circumstances martinez made clear rule coleman governs applying martinez highly circumscribed equitable exception new categories procedurally defaulted claims thus precisely disclaimed martinez replace rule coleman exception martinez petitioner also finds support underlying rationale martinez petitioner primary argument claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel might never reviewed state federal without expanding exception rule coleman argues situation analogous martinez expressed concern claims ineffective assistance trial counsel martinez principally concerned trial errors particular claims ineffective assistance trial counsel ineffective assistance appellate counsel trial error petitioner rule necessary ensure meritorious trial error kind receives review petitioner argues allowing claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel evade review concerning allowing claim ineffective assistance trial counsel evade review brief petitioner see also agree criminal trial enjoys pride place criminal justice system way appeal trial constitution twice guarantees right criminal trial see art iii amdt guarantee right appeal halbert michigan trial main event defendant rights determined mcfarland scott internal quotation marks omitted simply tryout road appellate review freytag commissioner scalia concurring part concurring judgment internal quotation marks omitted stakes defendant highest least presumptively innocent defendant adjudged guilty see ross moffitt wainwright trial judge jury makes factual findings nearly always receive deference appeal collateral review see jackson virginia see also cavazos smith per curiam deferential standard review judges sometimes encounter convictions believe mistaken must nevertheless uphold martinez made clear exercised equitable discretion view unique importance protecting defendant trial rights particularly right effective assistance trial counsel explained limited nature holding reflect ed importance right effective assistance trial counsel bedrock principle justice system emphasis added declining expand martinez exception distinct context ineffective assistance appellate counsel respect judgment petitioner rule also required ensure meritorious claims trial error receive review least one state federal chief concern identified martinez see martinez concerned claim trial error specifically ineffective assistance trial counsel might escape review state required prisoners bring claim first time state postconviction proceedings rather direct appeal difficult assess trial attorney performance trial ended trial ordinarily opportunity rule claim state requires prisoner wait postconviction proceedings raise claim appellate direct appeal also opportunity review postconviction counsel fails raise claim state ever review finally attorney error state postconviction proceeding qualify cause excuse procedural default coleman federal consider claim either claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel however pose risk trial error kind escape review altogether least way remedied petitioner proposed rule true regardless whether trial counsel preserved alleged error trial trial counsel preserved error properly objecting claim trial error addressed trial martinez claim appellate ineffectiveness premised preserved trial error thus present concern animated martinez exception least one considered claim merits ibid see also coleman trial counsel failed preserve error trial petitioner proposed rule ordinarily give prisoner access federal review error anyway effective appellate counsel raise every nonfrivolous argument appeal rather arguments likely succeed smith murray jones barnes declining raise claim appeal therefore deficient performance unless claim plainly stronger actually presented appellate see smith robbins cases unpreserved trial error plainly stronger ground appeal preserved errors see means postconviction remedies thus instances trial rule alleged trial error preserved prisoner make substantial claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel therefore avail petitioner expanded martinez exception adopting petitioner proposed rule unnecessary ensure review claim trial error even prisoner legitimate claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel based something preserved trial error unpreserved trial error obvious appellate counsel constitutionally required raise appeal trial counsel likely provided ineffective assistance failing object first instance circumstance prisoner likely invoke martinez coleman obtain review trial counsel failure object similarly underlying defaulted claim trial error ineffective assistance trial counsel premised something failure object martinez coleman already provide vehicle obtaining review error circumstances petitioner proposed rule thus unnecessary ensuring trial errors reviewed least one martinez also responding equitable consideration unique claims ineffective assistance trial counsel accordingly inapplicable claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel martinez state deliberately cho se move claims outside process counsel constitutionally guaranteed postconviction review process never held constitution guarantees right counsel state significantly diminishe prisoners ability file claims similarly trevino state chosen procedural framework pursuant collateral review practical matter onl method raising claim slip although acknowledged martinez nothing inappropriate state choice explained choice without consequences state ability assert procedural default subsequent federal habeas proceedings specifically concluded inequitable refuse hear defaulted claim ineffective assistance trial counsel state channeled claim forum prisoner might lack assistance counsel raising made similar choice respect claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel nature claims generally presented termination direct appeal put another way necessarily must heard collateral proceedings counsel constitutionally guaranteed fact claims appellate ineffectiveness considered proceedings counsel constitutionally guaranteed function nature claim state deliberat cho ice move claims outside process ibid equitable concerns raised martinez therefore apply finally martinez grounded decision part belief narrow exception unlikely impose significant systemic costs see said petitioner proposed extension adopting petitioner argument flood federal courts defaulted claims appellate ineffectiveness one thing every prisoner country bring claims martinez currently applies deliberately choose channel claims ineffective assistance trial counsel collateral proceedings see lee corsini martinez trevino apply massachusetts henness bagley martinez apply ohio applied martinez claims appellate ineffectiveness however bring every state within martinez ambit claims appellate ineffectiveness necessarily must heard collateral proceedings see supra extending martinez defaulted claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel especially troublesome claims serve gateway federal review host trial errors martinez covers one trial error ineffective assistance trial counsel prisoner establish ineffective assistance trial counsel martinez ordinarily entitled new trial see morrison see also hagens state tex app martinez provides avenue litigating defaulted trial expanded martinez exception however mean defaulted trial error result new trial carpenter held prisoner show cause excuse defaulted claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel turn rely claim cause litigate underlying claim trial error defaulted due appellate counsel ineffectiveness expanding martinez petitioner suggests thus produce domino effect prisoners assert postconviction counsel inadequacy cause excuse default appellate ineffectiveness claims use newly reviewable appellate ineffectiveness claims cause excuse default underlying claims trial error petitioner rule thus ultimately knock procedural barriers federal habeas review nearly defaulted claim trial error scope review exceed anything martinez envisioned established narrow exception coleman petitioner insists concerns overstated many newly raised claims meritless see brief petitioner even true courts still undertake task separating wheat chaff reassured petitioner suggestion extending martinez increase number claims petition rather number federal habeas petitions reply brief additional claim require district review prisoner trial record appellate briefing state postconviction record determine claim viability effort repeated level federal review assume costs negligible murray loath burden scarce federal judicial resources way mccleskey expanding martinez impose significant costs federal courts also aggravate harm federalism federal habeas review necessarily causes federal habeas review state convictions entails significant costs engle isaac intrudes state sovereignty degree matched exercises federal judicial authority harrington richter quoting harris reed kennedy dissenting frustrates sovereign power punish offenders attempts honor constitutional rights calderon thompson internal quotation marks omitted degrades prominence state trial engle supra disturbs state significant interest repose concluded litigation denies society right punish admitted offenders harrington supra internal quotation marks omitted apart increasing sheer frequency federal intrusion state criminal affairs petitioner proposed rule also undermine doctrine procedural default values serves doctrine like federal habeas statute generally designed ameliorate injuries state sovereignty federal habeas review necessarily inflicts giving state courts first opportunity address challenges convictions state thereby promoting comity finality federalism cullen pinholster mccleskey supra expanding narrow exception announced martinez unduly aggravate special costs federal system federal habeas review already imposes engle supra burdens federal courts federal system severe benefit systemic matter small sure permitting state prisoner bring meritorious constitutional claim otherwise heard beneficial prisoner petitioner counsel concedes however relief granted minute number ineffective assistance appellate counsel cases tr oral arg indeed concedes number meritorious cases infinitesimally small ibid think likely claims heard federal petitioner proposed rule also largely meritless given proposed rule generally affect cases trial already adjudicated rejected prisoner argument regarding alleged underlying trial error see supra given petitioner proposed rule likely generate high systemic costs low systemic benefits unique concerns martinez implicated cases like think equity requires expansion martinez foregoing reasons affirm judgment appeals ordered breyer dissenting erick daniel davila petitioner lorie davis director texas department criminal justice correctional institutions division writ certiorari appeals fifth circuit june justice breyer justice ginsburg justice sotomayor justice kagan join dissenting explains normally federal habeas hear state prisoner claim trial lawyer constitutionally speaking ineffective prisoner failed assert claim state appropriate time procedurally defaulted claim see ante prisoner failure raise federal claim state collateral proceeding amounts adequate independent state procedural ground denying habeas relief equitable exceptions martinez ryan later trevino thaler held despite presence procedural default federal nonetheless hear prisoner claim trial counsel ineffective framework state procedural law makes highly unlikely typical case defendant meaningful opportunity raise claim ineffective assistance trial counsel direct appeal state collateral proceeding counsel counsel proceeding ineffective ibid quoting martinez underlying claim substantial one say prisoner must demonstrate claim merit view exception qualifications apply prisoner raises constitutional claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel see evitts lucey constitution guarantees defendant effective appellate counsel guarantees defendant effective trial counsel two simple examples help make clear believe martinez trevino govern outcome case example one ineffective assistance trial counsel prisoner claims trial lawyer ineffective say counsel failed object obviously unfair jury selection failed point prosecution promised numerous benefits main witness return witness testimony failed object erroneous jury instruction made conviction imposition death penalty far likely next suppose prisoner appeals per state law may bring claim collateral review state state habeas corpus prisoner better opportunity develop claim attorney better able explain perhaps strategic reasons actions trial suppose collateral review prisoner fails bring claim perhaps longer represented counsel counsel ineffective circumstances claim substantial one merit martinez trevino hold federal hear claim even though state habeas consider see trevino supra martinez supra fact prisoner lawyer initial state habeas proceeding lawyer proceeding ineffective constitutes grounds excusing procedural default example two ineffective assistance appellate counsel suppose prisoner claims trial made important error law say improperly instructing jury prosecution engaged misconduct believes lawyer direct appeal raised errors led conviction death sentence appellate lawyer failure prisoner might claim amounts ineffective assistance appellate counsel prisoner make argument direct appeal direct appeal proceeding represented lawyer says ineffective next suppose prisoner fails raise appellate lawyer ineffectiveness initial state habeas proceeding either represented counsel proceeding counsel also ineffective brings case federal habeas state contends prisoner failure present claim initial state habeas proceeding constitutes procedural default precludes federal review claim given martinez trevino prisoner first example complains trial counsel overcome procedural default view today prisoner second example complains appellate counsel law treat second prisoner differently apply rules martinez trevino claims ineffective assistance trial appellate counsel ii said constitution applies similarly prisoners guarantees effective assistance counsel trial initial appeal see strickland washington trial evitts supra appeal moreover reasoning martinez trevino applies similarly situations four features claim ineffective assistance trial counsel led martinez conclusion equally applies first stressed importance underlying constitutional right effective assistance trial counsel describing bedrock principle justice system cases make clear constitutional right effective assistance appellate counsel also critically important wrote douglas california merits one appeal right decided without benefit counsel think unconstitutional line drawn rich poor held evitts first appeal right adjudicated accord due process law appellant effective assistance attorney added promise gideon wainwright criminal defendant right counsel trial futile gesture unless comprehended right effective assistance counsel appeal stated martinez attorney appointed state pursue direct appeal ineffective prisoner denied fair process citing coleman thompson evitts supra douglas supra fact according department justice statistics nearly third convictions sentences capital cases overturned stage review suggests practical importance appeal right particularly capital case one see dept justice bureau justice statistics capital punishment tables rev table see also brief national association criminal defense lawyers et al amici curiae second pointed martinez initial state collateral review proceeding first designated proceeding prisoner raise claim ineffective assistance trial added many ways equivalent prisoner direct appeal claim ibid trevino applied martinez despite theoretical possibility prisoner might raise claim direct appeal wrote state procedural system denied prisoners meaningful opportunity bring claims appeal effect required raise claim first time state collateral review proceedings consideration applies fortiori constitutional claim issue ineffective assistance appellate counsel prisoner raise kind claim appeal claims counsel ineffective see ha van nguyen curry makes difference nature claim rather state express rule makes see trevino supra extending martinez state procedural framework reason design operation makes highly unlikely typical case defendant meaningful opportunity raise claim direct appeal trevino supra referring inherent nature ineffective assistance trial counsel claims emphasis added internal quotation marks omitted see also martinez scalia dissenting relevant difference cases state says certain claims brought collateral review cases claims nature brought collateral review third martinez pointed unless counsel errors collateral proceeding establish cause excuse procedural default federal habeas proceeding review prisoner claims majority opinion true prisoner claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel argues contrary says least one namely trial considered underlying legal error ante perhaps trial counsel ineffective believe misses point prisoner complaint ineffectiveness appellate counsel ineffectiveness consist example counsel failure appeal different erroneous decisions trial fact trial made decisions assuming erroneous help prisoner contrary forms basis ineffectiveness claim absence rule prisoner prisoners similar cases receive review claims moreover cases consider underlying trial error either suppose pendency appeal appellate counsel learns brady violation juror misconduct judicial bias similar violation whose basis known trial see brady maryland suppose appellate counsel fails pursue claim manner prescribed state law without exception petitioner seeks hear either claim underlying brady misconduct bias claim fourth martinez believed decision put significant strain state resources martinez imposed limiting conditions excuses defaults occur collateral proceeding prisoner counsel ineffective counsel proceeding underlying claim ineffective assistance substantial merit moreover pointed many provide prisoners counsel collateral proceedings least prisoner seems meritorious claim unlikely prisoners default substantial claims see providing examples finally evidence us martinez produced increase courts workload even though martinez applies texas concedes tr oral arg therefore seems unlikely applying martinez claims put significant strain state federal resources said limitations placed upon assertion martinez claim apply fear triggering federal many trial errors greater concern martinez ineffectiveness claims serve gateway federal review host trial errors ante given natural judicial hesitation counsels decisions surprising significant evidence defaulted claims ineffective assistance merit flooding federal courts either respect trial counsel martinez respect appellate counsel see strickland prevail claim defendant must show attorney actions outside wide range professionally competent assistance rather strategic decisions must defer actions effect judgment fact texas supplied empirical evidence evidence suggests courts manage martinez exception expanded include claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel texas says ninth circuit applied martinez claims since late petitioners used expanded version martinez dozens federal habeas cases brief respondent texas specifically refers cases petitioner prevailed period state prisoners filed least federal habeas petitions ninth circuit see ninth circuit ann cases referred magistrate judges hence texas estimate added workload comes increase dozens cases cases total figure represents increase increase significant enough warrant depriving prisoner forum adjudicate substantial claim deprived constitutional right effective assistance appellate counsel iii view effort distinguish martinez comes following points martinez concerned claims ineffective trial counsel martinez involved trial errors least sometimes escaped review least one trial may reviewed underlying legal error martinez involved cases state prevented appellate courts reviewing claim trial counsel ineffectiveness whereas nature ineffectiveness claim prevents appellate courts reviewing extending martinez flood federal system normally meritless claims explained believe last mentioned empirical prediction distinguish martinez event unlikely prove correct see supra explained second third points successfully distinguish martinez second fails focus relevant claim ineffective assistance counsel see supra fails acknowledge may cases trial considered legal error underlying claim ibid third little matter overlooks fact relevant difference cases state requires certain claims brought collateral review cases claims nature brought collateral review claims ineffective assistance appellate counsel see supra quoting martinez scalia dissenting cases state scheme deprives prisoner substantial constitutional claim heard fault first point course right martinez ineffectiveness trial counsel cases make clear due process requires criminal defendant effective assistance appellate counsel well see supra indeed effective trial counsel appellate counsel inextricably connected elements fair trial basic legal principle determine outcome case principle requires courts treat like cases alike put matter familiarly sauce goose sauce gander dissent martinez wrote dime worth difference principle cases many cases initial state habeas first opportunity particular claim raised including claims asserting ineffective assistance appellate counsel opinion scalia agree respect dissent footnotes fifth circuit treats unexhausted claims procedurally defaulted petitioner required present claims order meet exhaustion requirement find claims procedurally barred bagwell dretke internal quotation marks omitted cf coleman relying doctrine district concluded petitioner federal claim procedurally defaulted even though state never actually found procedurally barred texas law likely bar texas deciding claim merits petitioner present successive habeas petition davila stephens wl nd apr citing davila stephens wl nd see also davila stephens wl nd petitioner seek certificate appealability regarding holding neither petitioner state disputes claim procedurally defaulted accordingly assume procedurally defaulted purposes case dissent argues martinez already provides gateway review underlying trial errors differently petitioner proposed rule see post opinion breyer prisoner succeeds claim ineffective assistance trial counsel martinez federal habeas need consider claim trial error since successful claim trial ineffectiveness unlike successful claim ineffective assistance appellate counsel entitles prisoner new trial see lafave israel king kerr criminal procedure ed