district
columbia
greater
wa
trade
argued
november
decided
december
section
district
columbia
workers
compensation
equity
amendment
act
requires
employers
provide
health
insurance
employees
provide
equivalent
health
insurance
coverage
injured
employees
eligible
workers
compensation
benefits
respondent
employer
affected
requirement
filed
action
district
petitioners
district
columbia
mayor
seeking
enjoin
enforcement
ground
preempted
employee
retirement
income
security
act
erisa
provides
erisa
supersedes
state
laws
relate
employee
benefit
plan
covered
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although
petitioners
conceded
relates
plan
granted
motion
dismiss
relying
decision
shaw
delta
air
lines
held
preempted
also
relates
respondent
workers
compensation
plan
exempt
erisa
coverage
respondent
comply
provision
creating
separate
unit
administer
required
benefits
appeals
reversed
holding
preemption
compelled
plain
meaning
erisa
structure
held
section
preempted
erisa
state
law
relate
covered
benefit
plan
purposes
refers
connection
plan
even
law
designed
affect
plan
effect
indirect
see
mcclendon
section
measures
required
health
care
coverage
reference
existing
health
insurance
coverage
welfare
benefit
plan
subject
erisa
regulation
matter
requirements
also
relate
workers
compensation
plans
since
erisa
exemptions
limit
preemptive
sweep
determined
law
relates
covered
plan
see
alessi
petitioners
reliance
shaw
supra
misplaced
since
statute
issue
relate
plan
support
metropolitan
life
ins
massachusetts
position
requires
analysis
state
law
relating
plan
survive
preemption
employers
comply
law
separately
administered
exempt
plans
pp
app
affirmed
thomas
delivered
opinion
rehnquist
white
blackmun
scalia
kennedy
souter
joined
stevens
filed
dissenting
opinion
post
donna
murasky
assistant
corporation
counsel
district
columbia
argued
cause
petitioners
briefs
john
payton
corporation
counsel
charles
reischel
deputy
corporation
counsel
lawrence
postol
argued
cause
respondent
brief
john
erlenborn
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
filed
state
connecticut
et
al
richard
blumenthal
attorney
general
connecticut
arnold
feigin
assistant
attorney
general
scott
harshbarger
attorney
general
massachusetts
state
oklahoma
ex
rel
dave
renfro
commission
labor
et
al
susan
loving
attorney
general
rabindranath
ramana
assistant
attorney
general
michael
sykes
kayla
bower
american
federation
labor
congress
industrial
organizations
marsha
berzon
laurence
gold
american
optometric
association
bennett
boskey
ellis
lyons
edward
groobert
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
solicitor
general
starr
deputy
solicitor
general
mahoney
christopher
wright
allen
feldman
nathaniel
spiller
deborah
greenfield
chamber
commerce
mona
zeiberg
hollis
hurd
connecticut
business
industry
association
daniel
fitzmaurice
district
columbia
insurance
federation
william
dobrovir
lawrence
mirel
steven
zaleznick
cathy
filed
brief
american
association
retired
persons
amicus
curiae
justice
thomas
delivered
opinion
district
columbia
requires
employers
provide
health
insurance
employees
provide
equivalent
health
insurance
coverage
injured
employees
eligible
workers
compensation
benefits
hold
requirement
preempted
employee
retirement
income
security
act
erisa
stat
amended
et
seq
ed
supp
ii
erisa
sets
comprehensive
system
federal
regulation
private
employee
benefit
plans
including
pension
plans
welfare
plans
welfare
plan
defined
erisa
include
inter
alia
plan
fund
program
maintained
purpose
providing
medical
health
benefits
employees
beneficiaries
purchase
insurance
otherwise
section
defines
broad
scope
erisa
coverage
subject
certain
exemptions
erisa
applies
generally
employee
benefit
plans
sponsored
employer
employee
organization
among
plans
exempt
erisa
coverage
maintained
solely
purpose
complying
applicable
workmen
compensation
laws
unemployment
compensation
disability
insurance
laws
erisa
provision
assures
federal
regulation
covered
plans
exclusive
section
provides
erisa
shall
supersede
state
laws
insofar
may
hereafter
relate
employee
benefit
plan
covered
erisa
several
categories
state
laws
generally
applicable
criminal
laws
laws
regulating
insurance
banking
securities
excepted
erisa
preemption
none
exceptions
issue
effective
march
district
columbia
workers
compensation
equity
amendment
act
register
amended
several
portions
district
workers
compensation
law
ann
supp
section
equity
amendment
act
added
following
requirement
employer
provides
health
insurance
coverage
employee
shall
provide
health
insurance
coverage
equivalent
existing
health
insurance
coverage
employee
employee
receives
eligible
receive
workers
compensation
benefits
chapter
ann
supp
respondent
greater
washington
board
trade
nonprofit
corporation
sponsors
health
insurance
coverage
employees
filed
action
district
columbia
mayor
sharon
pratt
kelly
seeking
enjoin
enforcement
ground
equivalent
benefits
requirement
preempted
erisa
district
granted
petitioners
motion
dismiss
app
pet
cert
petitioners
conceded
relate
plan
sense
benefits
required
challenged
law
set
reference
covered
employee
benefit
plans
relying
opinion
shaw
delta
air
lines
however
district
held
preempted
also
relates
respondent
workers
compensation
plan
exempt
erisa
coverage
respondent
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administrative
unit
administer
required
benefits
app
pet
cert
quoting
shaw
supra
appeals
reversed
app
held
compelled
plain
meaning
structure
erisa
view
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preempts
law
relates
covered
plan
excepted
preemption
regardless
whether
law
also
relates
exempt
plan
ibid
appeals
concluded
result
advance
policies
purposes
served
erisa
preemption
tying
benefit
levels
workers
compensation
plan
provided
plan
equity
amendment
act
serious
impact
administration
content
plan
opinion
conflicts
second
circuit
decision
donnelley
sons
prevost
cert
denied
upheld
preemption
challenge
connecticut
law
substantially
similar
granted
certiorari
affirm
ii
repeatedly
stated
law
relate
covered
employee
benefit
plan
purposes
connection
reference
plan
shaw
supra
mcclendon
fmc
holliday
mackey
lanier
collection
agency
service
pilot
life
ins
dedeaux
metropolitan
life
ins
massachusetts
reading
true
ordinary
meaning
relate
see
black
law
dictionary
ed
thus
gives
effect
deliberately
expansive
language
chosen
congress
pilot
life
supra
see
also
morales
trans
world
airlines
erisa
preempts
state
law
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connection
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fall
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exception
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law
specifically
designed
affect
plans
effect
indirect
supra
even
law
consistent
erisa
substantive
requirements
metropolitan
life
supra
section
district
equity
amendment
act
specifically
refers
welfare
benefit
plans
regulated
erisa
basis
alone
preempted
health
insurance
coverage
requires
employers
provide
eligible
employees
measured
reference
existing
health
insurance
coverage
provided
employer
shall
benefit
level
ann
supp
employee
existing
health
insurance
coverage
turn
welfare
benefit
plan
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involves
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purpose
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health
benefits
employee
purchase
insurance
otherwise
health
insurance
programs
subject
erisa
regulation
see
state
law
imposing
requirements
reference
covered
programs
must
yield
erisa
conclusion
consistent
mackey
lanier
collection
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struck
georgia
law
specifically
exempted
erisa
plans
generally
applicable
garnishment
procedure
also
follows
held
erisa
preempted
texas
common
law
cause
action
wrongful
discharge
based
employer
desire
avoid
paying
employee
pension
fund
even
though
employee
sought
pension
benefits
lost
future
wages
mental
anguish
punitive
damages
internal
quotation
marks
omitted
held
claim
preempted
premised
existence
pension
plan
makes
difference
requirements
part
district
regulation
therefore
also
relate
workers
compensation
plans
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erisa
coverage
set
limit
preemptive
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law
question
relates
covered
plan
see
alessi
moment
new
jersey
intrudes
indirectly
workers
compensation
law
rather
directly
statute
called
pension
regulation
shaw
delta
air
lines
support
petitioners
position
shaw
dealt
relevant
part
new
york
disability
law
required
employers
pay
weekly
benefits
disabled
employees
equal
employee
average
weekly
wage
quoting
law
mckinney
supp
held
law
preempted
related
exclusively
exempt
employee
benefit
plans
maintained
solely
purpose
complying
applicable
disability
insurance
laws
within
meaning
see
fact
employers
comply
new
york
law
administering
required
disability
benefits
multibenefit
erisa
plan
mean
law
related
erisa
plans
preemption
purposes
see
simply
held
long
employer
disability
plan
administrative
unit
provide
benefits
required
new
york
law
qualify
exempt
plan
erisa
thus
unlike
district
equity
amendment
act
new
york
statute
issue
shaw
relate
plan
petitioners
nevertheless
point
metropolitan
life
ins
massachusetts
described
shaw
holding
new
york
human
rights
law
state
disability
benefits
law
relate
welfare
plans
governed
erisa
relying
dictum
reading
shaw
petitioners
argue
construed
require
analysis
state
law
relate
plan
may
still
survive
preemption
employers
comply
law
separately
administered
plans
exempt
see
tr
oral
arg
metropolitan
life
construed
scope
safe
harbor
state
laws
regulating
insurance
see
purport
add
passing
reference
shaw
gloss
although
conclude
shaw
new
york
laws
issue
related
employee
benefit
plan
general
human
rights
law
barred
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erisa
plans
fell
within
preemption
provision
see
explained
disability
benefits
law
upheld
shaw
though
mandating
creation
welfare
plan
defined
erisa
relate
welfare
plan
subject
erisa
regulation
section
end
matter
engraft
analysis
onto
statute
judgment
appeals
accordingly
affirmed
footnotes
fort
halifax
packing
coyne
construed
word
plan
connote
minimal
ongoing
administrative
scheme
practice
held
payment
triggered
single
event
qualify
benefit
plan
petitioners
contend
employers
district
columbia
provide
health
insurance
employees
without
thereby
administering
welfare
plans
within
meaning
erisa
petitioners
concede
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health
insurance
sponsored
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plan
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oral
arg
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plans
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plans
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accident
disability
justice
stevens
dissenting
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question
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presents
whether
congress
intended
prevent
state
computing
workers
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dicta
interpreting
words
relate
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employee
retirement
income
security
act
erisa
rule
law
underestimating
significance
exemption
workers
compensation
plans
coverage
act
reached
incorrect
conclusion
unusually
important
case
today
world
typical
employee
compensation
pay
often
includes
fringe
benefits
vacation
pay
health
insurance
employee
loses
job
reason
either
wrongful
discharge
negligently
inflicted
physical
injury
normal
contract
tort
principles
allow
recover
damages
measured
entire
loss
earnings
including
value
fringe
benefits
health
insurance
understand
reasoning
today
state
statute
merely
announced
basic
rule
damages
law
erisa
specifically
refers
component
damages
calculation
ante
workers
compensation
laws
provide
substitute
tort
actions
employees
employers
typically
base
amount
compensation
award
level
employee
earnings
time
injury
district
columbia
workers
compensation
law
example
employee
average
weekly
wages
provide
basic
standard
computing
award
regardless
nature
injury
ann
supp
employee
receives
health
insurance
benefits
typically
correspondingly
reduced
average
weekly
wage
district
decided
supplement
standard
level
workers
compensation
component
reflecting
health
insurance
benefits
worker
receives
seems
holding
today
supplement
may
never
measured
level
employee
health
insurance
coverage
least
state
statutes
regulations
specifically
refer
component
calculation
true
points
shaw
delta
air
lines
stated
law
related
employee
benefit
plan
normal
sense
phrase
connection
reference
plan
also
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repeatedly
quoted
language
later
opinions
indeed
reiterated
often
petitioner
challenge
proposition
statute
issue
case
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erisa
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nevertheless
equally
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broad
reading
phrase
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actual
holdings
given
implications
today
holding
burgeoning
volume
litigation
involving
erisa
preemption
claims
think
time
take
fresh
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intended
scope
preemption
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enacted
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shaw
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two
new
york
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issue
related
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plans
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actions
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plans
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remote
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cf
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telephone
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state
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shaw
held
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york
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rights
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prohibited
employers
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plans
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state
laws
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mere
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statute
may
grant
injured
employees
receive
health
insurance
better
compensation
package
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converse
windfall
going
injured
employees
receive
high
weekly
wages
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health
insurance
coverage
even
district
statute
encourage
employer
pay
higher
wages
instead
providing
better
fringe
benefits
surely
reason
infer
congressional
intent
supersede
state
regulation
category
compensation
programs
exempted
federal
coverage
moreover
requiring
injured
worker
compensation
reflect
entire
pay
package
statute
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replace
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earning
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nothing
erisa
suggests
intent
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state
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enact
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difficult
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measure
injured
worker
health
benefits
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health
benefits
worker
receives
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wishes
effect
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goal
district
statute
forced
opinion
require
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rate
health
insurance
coverage
bears
relation
compensation
package
injured
worker
thereby
requires
workers
compensation
laws
shed
characteristic
element
compensation
based
individual
worker
level
compensation
instead
mechanically
repeating
earlier
dictionary
definitions
word
relate
guide
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important
difficult
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construction
pause
consider
first
wisdom
basic
rule
disfavoring
federal
preemption
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second
specific
concerns
identified
legislative
history
basis
federal
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purpose
quoted
opinion
shaw
explained
congressman
dent
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achievement
legislation
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authority
sole
power
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employee
benefit
plans
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round
protection
afforded
participants
eliminating
threat
conflicting
inconsistent
state
local
regulation
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statute
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case
regulate
even
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inch
preempted
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poses
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state
regulation
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today
enters
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ultimately
lead
venture
predict
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congress
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similar
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considered
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see
martori
distributors
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cert
denied
teper
park
west
galleries
schultz
national
coalition
hispanic
mental
health
human
services
organizations
dc
jaskilka
carpenter
technology
see
mcclendon
fmc
holliday
mackey
lanier
collection
agency
service
fort
halifax
packing
coyne
pilot
life
ins
dedeaux
metropolitan
life
ins
massachusetts
several
years
ago
district
judge
read
nearly
cases
reach
erisa
preemption
clause
concluded
common
sense
left
courthouse
door
see
schultz
national
coalition
hispanic
mental
health
human
services
organizations
recent
lexis
search
indicates
judicial
opinions
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erisa
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district
judge
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group
consideration
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supremacy
clause
start
assumption
historic
police
powers
superseded
federal
act
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clear
manifest
purpose
congress
rice
santa
fe
elevator
accordingly
purpose
congress
ultimate
touchstone
preemption
analysis
malone
white
motor
quoting
retail
clerks
schermerhorn
one
statute
stated
goals
promote
fairer
system
compensation
preamble
district
columbia
workers
compensation
equity
amendment
act
register