davenport
et
al
washington
education
association
argued
january
decided
june
national
labor
relations
act
permits
regulate
labor
relationships
public
employees
many
authorize
unions
negotiate
agreements
entitle
union
levy
fees
employees
union
members
union
represents
collective
bargaining
however
first
amendment
prohibits
unions
using
objecting
nonmembers
fees
ideological
purposes
germane
union
duties
abood
detroit
bd
unions
must
therefore
observe
various
procedural
requirements
ensure
objecting
nonmember
keep
fees
used
purposes
teachers
hudson
washington
state
allows
unions
charge
nonmembers
agency
fee
equivalent
membership
dues
employer
collect
fee
payroll
deductions
initiative
approved
state
voters
hereinafter
requires
union
obtain
nonmembers
affirmative
authorization
using
fees
purposes
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union
sent
hudson
packet
nonmembers
twice
year
detailing
right
object
use
fees
nonchargeable
expenditures
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held
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fees
escrow
hudson
process
complete
separate
lawsuits
petitioners
alleged
respondent
failed
obtain
affirmative
authorization
required
spending
nonmembers
agency
fees
electoral
purposes
trial
found
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state
monetary
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relief
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judge
held
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right
action
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class
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proceedings
pending
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appeal
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held
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packet
satisfy
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amendment
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require
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purposes
pp
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dues
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bargaining
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employees
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concern
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proper
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cases
balanced
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rights
unions
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shoulder
burden
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union
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fees
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cases
balance
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rights
manner
unions
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entitlement
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first
amendment
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whenever
governments
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require
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floor
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admonition
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remedy
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limitations
pp
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argument
unconstitutional
cases
first
amendment
purposes
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restricts
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use
funds
within
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possession
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union
possession
washington
government
agencies
compelled
employees
pay
fees
cases
deal
instead
governmental
restrictions
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entity
may
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money
come
possession
without
coercion
pp
speech
regulations
presumptively
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see
paul
strict
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may
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make
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see
regan
taxation
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exclude
speakers
based
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grounds
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property
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see
cornelius
naacp
legal
defense
ed
fund
principle
underlying
cases
applicable
washington
voters
impermissibly
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marketplace
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placed
reasonable
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state
authorization
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protect
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process
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amendment
compel
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pp
section
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consider
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unions
pp
vacated
remanded
scalia
delivered
opinion
parts
second
paragraph
unanimous
remainder
joined
stevens
kennedy
souter
thomas
ginsburg
jj
breyer
filed
opinion
concurring
part
concurring
judgment
roberts
alito
joined
gary
davenport
et
petitioners
washington
education
association
washington
petitioner
washington
education
association
writs
certiorari
washington
june
justice
scalia
delivered
opinion
state
washington
prohibits
labor
unions
using
fees
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purposes
unless
nonmember
affirmatively
consents
decide
whether
restriction
applied
labor
unions
violates
first
amendment
national
labor
relations
act
leaves
free
regulate
labor
relationships
public
employees
see
stat
amended
labor
laws
many
authorize
union
government
employer
enter
commonly
known
agreement
arrangement
entitles
union
levy
fee
employees
union
members
nevertheless
represented
union
collective
bargaining
see
lehnert
ferris
faculty
primary
purpose
arrangements
prevent
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sharing
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machinists
street
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arrangements
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amendment
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law
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union
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approved
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washington
state
courts
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rights
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scouts
america
dale
granted
certiorari
ii
arrangement
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levy
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employees
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ban
execution
application
agreements
see
suggest
answer
must
different
previously
construed
authorization
arrangements
national
labor
relations
act
manner
arguably
content
based
see
communications
workers
beck
authorizes
expenditure
agency
fees
nonmember
objection
furtherance
union
obligations
exclusive
bargaining
representative
ellis
railway
clerks
expenditures
publications
report
union
activities
exclusive
bargaining
representative
charged
nonmembers
objection
clear
strong
medicine
overbreadth
doctrine
even
available
challenge
statute
see
virginia
hicks
recognizing
doctrine
benefits
eliminating
chilling
effect
overbroad
laws
nonparties
must
weighed
costs
blocking
perfectly
constitutional
applications
law
may
argued
targets
statute
narrow
prohibition
unions
sufficiently
capable
defending
interests
significantly
chilled