maryland
buie
argued
december
decided
february
following
maryland
armed
robbery
two
men
one
wearing
red
running
suit
police
obtained
arrest
warrants
respondent
buie
suspected
accomplice
executed
warrant
buie
house
buie
arrested
upon
emerging
basement
one
officers
entered
basement
case
someone
else
seized
red
running
suit
lying
plain
view
trial
denied
buie
motion
suppress
running
suit
suit
introduced
evidence
buie
convicted
armed
robbery
weapons
offense
intermediate
appellate
affirmed
denial
suppression
motion
state
appeals
reversed
ruling
running
suit
inadmissible
officer
conducted
protective
sweep
basement
probable
cause
believe
serious
demonstrable
potentiality
danger
existed
held
fourth
amendment
permits
properly
limited
protective
sweep
conjunction
arrest
searching
officer
possesses
reasonable
belief
based
specific
articulable
facts
area
swept
harbors
individual
posing
danger
arrest
scene
michigan
long
terry
ohio
pp
holding
respectively
frisk
roadside
search
automobile
passenger
compartment
reasonable
despite
absence
warrant
probable
cause
terry
long
balanced
fourth
amendment
interests
persons
dealing
immediate
interests
police
protecting
danger
posed
hidden
weapons
police
analogous
interest
taking
steps
assure
buie
house
harboring
persons
dangerous
unexpectedly
launch
attack
fact
buie
expectation
privacy
rooms
examined
police
prior
arrest
mean
rooms
immune
entry
warrant
required
incident
arrest
officers
precautionary
matter
without
probable
cause
reasonable
suspicion
look
closets
spaces
immediately
adjoining
place
arrest
attack
launched
beyond
however
terry
long
must
articulable
facts
taken
together
rational
inferences
facts
warrant
reasonably
prudent
officer
believing
area
swept
harbors
individual
posing
danger
protective
sweep
full
search
premises
may
extend
cursory
inspection
spaces
person
may
found
sweep
lasts
longer
necessary
dispel
reasonable
suspicion
danger
event
longer
takes
complete
arrest
depart
premises
pp
chimel
california
held
absence
search
warrant
justifiable
search
incident
arrest
extend
beyond
arrestee
person
area
within
might
obtained
weapon
distinguished
first
chimel
concerned
search
entire
house
evidence
crime
arrest
made
limited
intrusion
contemplated
protective
sweep
second
justification
search
incident
arrest
chimel
threat
posed
arrestee
safety
threat
posed
house
properly
unseen
third
parties
house
appeals
applied
unnecessarily
strict
fourth
amendment
standard
requiring
protective
sweep
justified
probable
cause
case
remanded
application
proper
standard
pp
white
delivered
opinion
rehnquist
blackmun
stevens
scalia
kennedy
joined
stevens
post
kennedy
post
filed
concurring
opinions
brennan
filed
dissenting
opinion
marshall
joined
post
dennis
sweeney
deputy
attorney
general
maryland
argued
cause
petitioner
briefs
joseph
curran
attorney
general
gary
bair
mary
ellen
barbera
ann
bosse
assistant
attorneys
general
alexander
williams
lawrence
robbins
argued
cause
amicus
curiae
urging
reversal
brief
solicitor
general
starr
assistant
attorney
general
dennis
deputy
solicitor
general
bryson
kathleen
felton
john
kopolow
argued
cause
respondent
brief
alan
murrell
michael
braudes
nancy
forster
gary
offutt
gregory
evans
daniel
hales
emory
plitt
judith
ronzio
george
webster
jack
yelverton
fred
inbau
wayne
schmidt
james
manak
filed
brief
americans
effective
law
enforcement
et
al
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
ira
reiner
harry
sondheim
eugene
tavris
field
brief
appellate
committee
california
district
attorneys
association
amicus
curiae
justice
white
delivered
opinion
protective
sweep
quick
limited
search
premises
incident
arrest
conducted
protect
safety
police
officers
others
narrowly
confined
cursory
visual
inspection
places
person
might
hiding
case
must
decide
level
justification
required
fourth
fourteenth
amendments
police
officers
effecting
arrest
suspect
home
pursuant
arrest
warrant
may
conduct
warrantless
protective
sweep
part
premises
appeals
maryland
held
running
suit
seized
plain
view
protective
sweep
suppressed
respondent
armed
robbery
trial
officer
conducted
sweep
probable
cause
believe
serious
demonstrable
potentiality
danger
existed
md
conclude
fourth
amendment
permit
protective
sweep
undertaken
searching
officer
possesse
reasonable
belief
based
specific
articulable
facts
taken
together
rational
inferences
facts
reasonably
warrant
ed
officer
believing
michigan
long
quoting
terry
ohio
area
swept
harbored
individual
posing
danger
officer
others
accordingly
vacate
judgment
remand
application
standard
february
two
men
committed
armed
robbery
godfather
pizza
restaurant
prince
george
county
maryland
one
robbers
wearing
red
running
suit
day
prince
george
county
police
obtained
arrest
warrants
respondent
jerome
edward
buie
suspected
accomplice
robbery
lloyd
allen
buie
house
placed
police
surveillance
february
police
executed
arrest
warrant
buie
first
police
department
secretary
telephone
buie
house
verify
home
secretary
spoke
female
first
buie
six
seven
officers
proceeded
buie
house
inside
officers
fanned
first
second
floors
corporal
james
rozar
announced
freeze
basement
one
come
surprise
officers
service
revolver
drawn
rozar
twice
shouted
basement
ordering
anyone
come
voice
asked
calling
rozar
announced
three
times
police
show
hands
app
eventually
pair
hands
appeared
around
bottom
stairwell
buie
emerged
basement
arrested
searched
handcuffed
rozar
thereafter
detective
joseph
frolich
entered
basement
case
someone
else
noticed
red
running
suit
lying
plain
view
stack
clothing
seized
trial
denied
buie
motion
suppress
running
suit
stating
part
man
comes
basement
police
know
many
people
charged
serious
offense
state
introduced
running
suit
evidence
buie
trial
jury
convicted
buie
robbery
deadly
weapon
using
handgun
commission
felony
special
appeals
maryland
affirmed
trial
denial
suppression
motion
stated
detective
frolich
go
basement
search
evidence
look
suspected
accomplice
anyone
else
might
pose
threat
officers
scene
md
app
traditionally
sanctity
person
home
castle
requires
police
may
invade
without
warrant
except
exigent
circumstances
police
lawfully
within
home
conduct
measured
standard
reasonableness
reason
believe
arrestee
accomplices
still
large
something
less
probable
cause
reasonable
suspicion
sufficient
justify
limited
additional
intrusion
investigate
possibility
presence
emphasis
original
ii
disputed
point
buie
arrest
police
right
based
authority
arrest
warrant
search
anywhere
house
buie
might
found
including
basement
sufficient
evidence
citizen
participation
felony
persuade
judicial
officer
arrest
justified
constitutionally
reasonable
require
open
doors
officers
law
payton
new
york
also
dispute
detective
frolich
entry
basement
lawful
seizure
red
running
suit
plain
view
officer
probable
cause
believe
evidence
crime
also
lawful
fourth
amendment
see
arizona
hicks
issue
case
level
justification
fourth
amendment
required
detective
frolich
legally
enter
basement
see
someone
else
petitioner
state
maryland
argues
general
reasonableness
balancing
test
police
permitted
conduct
protective
sweep
whenever
make
arrest
violent
crime
alternative
suggested
rule
state
contends
protective
sweeps
fall
within
ambit
doctrine
announced
terry
ohio
sweeps
may
conducted
conjunction
valid
arrest
whenever
police
reasonably
suspect
risk
danger
officers
others
arrest
scene
amicus
curiae
supporting
state
also
argues
standard
reasonable
articulable
suspicion
risk
officer
contends
standard
met
respondent
argues
protective
sweep
may
undertaken
without
warrant
unless
exigencies
situation
render
warrantless
search
objectively
reasonable
according
buie
state
shown
neither
exigent
circumstances
immediately
enter
buie
house
unforeseen
danger
arose
officers
house
excuse
failure
obtain
search
warrant
search
dangerous
persons
believed
premises
buie
contends
even
warrant
requirement
inapplicable
justification
relaxing
standard
something
less
probable
cause
sufficient
respondent
argues
less
individualized
suspicion
specific
articulable
facts
supporting
reasonable
belief
persons
premises
threat
officers
according
buie
specific
articulable
facts
justify
search
basement
iii
goes
without
saying
fourth
amendment
bars
unreasonable
searches
seizures
skinner
railway
labor
executives
cases
show
determining
reasonableness
balanced
intrusion
individual
fourth
amendment
interests
promotion
legitimate
governmental
interests
delaware
prouse
test
search
house
office
generally
reasonable
without
warrant
issued
probable
cause
contexts
however
public
interest
neither
warrant
probable
cause
required
skinner
supra
griffin
wisconsin
new
jersey
terry
ohio
terry
case
instructive
present
purposes
held
frisk
weapons
must
tested
fourth
amendment
general
proscription
unreasonable
searches
frisk
involves
entire
rubric
police
conduct
necessarily
swift
action
predicated
upon
observations
officer
beat
historically
practical
matter
subjected
warrant
procedure
ibid
stated
ready
test
determining
reasonableness
balancing
need
search
invasion
search
entails
quoting
camara
municipal
san
francisco
applying
balancing
test
held
although
frisk
weapons
constitutes
severe
though
brief
intrusion
upon
cherished
personal
security
frisk
reasonable
weighed
need
law
enforcement
officers
protect
prospective
victims
violence
situations
may
lack
probable
cause
arrest
therefore
authorized
limited
patdown
weapons
reasonably
prudent
officer
warranted
belief
based
specific
articulable
facts
mere
inchoate
unparticularized
suspicion
hunch
dealing
armed
dangerous
individual
ibid
michigan
long
principles
terry
applied
context
roadside
encounter
search
passenger
compartment
automobile
limited
areas
weapon
may
placed
hidden
permissible
police
officer
possesses
reasonable
belief
based
specific
articulable
facts
taken
together
rational
inferences
facts
reasonably
warrant
officer
believing
suspect
dangerous
suspect
may
gain
immediate
control
weapons
quoting
terry
supra
long
expressly
rejected
contention
terry
restricted
preventative
searches
person
detained
suspect
sense
long
authorized
frisk
automobile
weapons
ingredients
apply
balance
struck
terry
long
present
case
possessing
arrest
warrant
probable
cause
believe
buie
home
officers
entitled
enter
search
anywhere
house
buie
might
found
found
however
search
longer
particular
justification
entering
rooms
yet
searched
buie
expectation
privacy
remaining
areas
house
however
mean
rooms
immune
entry
terry
long
concerned
immediate
interest
police
officers
taking
steps
assure
persons
dealing
armed
able
gain
immediate
control
weapon
unexpectedly
fatally
used
instant
case
analogous
interest
officers
taking
steps
assure
house
suspect
arrested
harboring
persons
dangerous
unexpectedly
launch
attack
risk
danger
context
arrest
home
great
greater
roadside
investigatory
encounter
terry
long
frisk
occurs
confrontation
escalated
point
arrest
protective
sweep
contrast
occurs
adjunct
serious
step
taking
person
custody
purpose
prosecuting
crime
moreover
unlike
encounter
street
along
highway
arrest
puts
officer
disadvantage
adversary
turf
ambush
confined
setting
unknown
configuration
feared
open
familiar
surroundings
recognized
terry
ven
limited
search
outer
clothing
weapons
constitutes
severe
though
brief
intrusion
upon
cherished
personal
security
must
surely
annoying
frightening
perhaps
humiliating
experience
terry
supra
permitted
intrusion
necessary
protect
officer
harm
suggest
state
entering
rooms
examined
prior
arrest
de
minimis
intrusion
may
disregarded
quite
sure
however
arresting
officers
permitted
circumstances
take
reasonable
steps
ensure
safety
making
arrest
interest
sufficient
outweigh
intrusion
procedures
may
entail
agree
state
warrant
required
also
hold
incident
arrest
officers
precautionary
matter
without
probable
cause
reasonable
suspicion
look
closets
spaces
immediately
adjoining
place
arrest
attack
immediately
launched
beyond
however
hold
must
articulable
facts
taken
together
rational
inferences
facts
warrant
reasonably
prudent
officer
believing
area
swept
harbors
individual
posing
danger
arrest
scene
less
required
terry
long
cases
think
balance
proper
one
emphasize
protective
sweep
aimed
protecting
arresting
officers
justified
circumstances
nevertheless
full
search
premises
may
extend
cursory
inspection
spaces
person
may
found
sweep
lasts
longer
necessary
dispel
reasonable
suspicion
danger
event
longer
takes
complete
arrest
depart
premises
iv
affirmance
required
chimel
california
held
absence
search
warrant
justifiable
search
incident
arrest
extend
beyond
arrestee
person
area
within
arrestee
might
obtained
weapon
first
chimel
concerned
search
entire
house
evidence
crime
arrest
made
see
limited
intrusion
contemplated
protective
sweep
second
justification
search
incident
arrest
considered
chimel
threat
posed
arrestee
safety
threat
posed
house
properly
unseen
third
parties
house
reach
conclusion
today
therefore
need
disagree
statement
chimel
invasion
privacy
results
search
man
house
characterized
minor
hold
simply
interference
individual
privacy
freedom
movement
lawfully
taken
place
intrusions
automatically
allowed
despite
absence
warrant
fourth
amendment
otherwise
require
ibid
type
search
authorize
today
far
removed
search
involved
chimel
moreover
decidedly
automati
may
conducted
justified
reasonable
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suspicion
house
harboring
person
posing
danger
arrest
scene
conclude
requiring
protective
sweep
justified
probable
cause
believe
serious
demonstrable
potentiality
danger
existed
appeals
maryland
applied
unnecessarily
strict
fourth
amendment
standard
fourth
amendment
permits
properly
limited
protective
sweep
conjunction
arrest
searching
officer
possesses
reasonable
belief
based
specific
articulable
facts
area
swept
harbors
individual
posing
danger
arrest
scene
therefore
vacate
judgment
remand
case
appeals
maryland
proceedings
inconsistent
opinion
ordered
footnotes
state
argument
level
objective
justification
required
danger
inheres
arrest
violent
crime
brief
petitioner
rebutted
terry
ohio
state
argues
fficers
facing
life
threatening
situation
arresting
violent
criminal
home
forced
pause
ponder
legal
subtleties
associated
quantum
proof
analysis
brief
petitioner
despite
danger
inheres
encounters
need
police
act
quickly
safety
terry
adopt
brightline
rule
authorizing
frisks
weapons
confrontational
encounters
even
high
crime
areas
possibility
given
individual
armed
significant
terry
requires
reasonable
individualized
suspicion
frisk
weapons
conducted
approach
applied
protective
sweep
house
reject
state
attempts
analogize
case
pennsylvania
mimms
per
curiam
michigan
summers
intrusion
mimms
requiring
driver
lawfully
stopped
vehicle
exit
car
de
minimis
summers
held
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warrant
house
carries
authority
detain
occupants
search
completed
state
contends
case
mirror
image
summers
arrest
warrant
carried
authority
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persons
interfere
arrest
case
however
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warrant
implied
judicial
determination
police
probable
cause
believe
someone
home
committing
crime
existence
arrest
warrant
implies
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whether
dangerous
third
parties
found
arrestee
house
moreover
intrusion
summers
less
severe
much
less
susceptible
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protective
sweep
analogous
case
ybarra
illinois
held
although
armed
warrant
search
bar
bartender
police
frisk
bar
patrons
absent
individualized
reasonable
suspicion
person
frisked
armed
presently
dangerous
reasonable
suspicion
standard
one
relatively
simple
concepts
embodied
fourth
amendment
sokolow
strikes
proper
balance
officer
safety
citizen
privacy
reliance
cursory
nature
search
inconsistent
statement
arizona
hicks
search
search
refusal
hicks
sanction
standard
less
probable
cause
ground
search
stereo
cursory
inspection
rather
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officer
hicks
moved
turntable
look
serial
number
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plain
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work
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protective
sweep
without
question
search
patdown
terry
supra
permissible
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probable
cause
limited
necessary
protect
safety
officers
others
justice
stevens
concurring
today
holds
reasonable
suspicion
rather
probable
cause
necessary
support
protective
sweep
arrest
progress
agree
holding
opinion
believe
important
emphasize
standard
applies
protective
sweeps
officers
conducting
sweep
must
reasonable
basis
believing
search
reduce
danger
harm
violent
interference
mission
short
search
must
protective
case
justify
officer
frolich
entry
basement
state
burden
demonstrate
officers
reasonable
basis
believing
someone
basement
might
attack
otherwise
try
interfere
arrest
also
safer
go
stairs
instead
simply
guarding
respondent
removed
house
fact
respondent
offered
resistance
emerged
basement
somewhat
inconsistent
hypothesis
danger
attack
hidden
confederate
persisted
arrest
moreover
officer
rozar
testified
worried
possible
danger
arrested
buie
app
officer
frolich
conducted
search
supplied
explanation
might
thought
another
person
basement
said
idea
lived
admission
made
telling
officer
frolich
participation
prearrest
surveillance
buie
home
maryland
appeals
impression
search
took
place
buie
safely
outside
house
handcuffed
unarmed
md
suggests
reasonable
suspicion
danger
justified
entry
basement
indeed
officers
concerned
safety
one
expect
officer
rozar
arrest
guard
basement
door
prevent
surprise
attacks
app
indicates
officer
frolich
might
time
arrest
reasonably
look
ed
already
open
basement
door
ante
ensure
accomplice
followed
buie
stairwell
officer
frolich
merely
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basement
entered
strategy
sensible
one
wishes
search
basement
surprising
choice
officer
worried
safety
need
risk
entering
stairwell
state
may
thus
face
formidable
task
remand
however
maryland
courts
better
equipped
review
record
see
discussing
rules
restricting
review
record
appeal
suppression
decisions
cf
hasting
stevens
dissenting
avoid
undertaking
record
review
functions
better
performed
judges
moreover
maryland
special
appeals
suggested
officer
frolich
search
survive
reasonable
suspicion
test
md
app
maryland
appeals
reviewed
conclusion
therefore
agree
remand
appropriate
justice
kennedy
concurring
adopts
prudent
course
explaining
general
rule
permitting
state
apply
first
instance
concurrence
justice
stevens
however
makes
gratuitous
observation
state
formidable
task
remand
view
quite
contrary
based
present
understanding
record
think
officers
conduct
full
accord
standard
police
safety
procedure
officers
remiss
taken
precautions
comment
necessary
lest
acquiescence
impression
left
justice
stevens
views
interpreted
authoritative
guidance
application
ruling
facts
case
buie
attorney
asked
worried
danger
anything
like
officer
rozar
answered
app
officers
might
done
protect
threats
places
obviously
question
presented
facts
case
one
answer
indeed
peculiarity
officer
frolich
search
appears
concentrated
upon
part
house
least
likely
make
departing
officers
vulnerable
attack
justice
brennan
justice
marshall
joins
dissenting
today
first
time
extends
terry
ohio
home
dispensing
fourth
amendment
general
requirements
warrant
probable
cause
carving
reasonable
suspicion
exception
protective
sweeps
private
dwellings
terry
supra
held
police
officer
may
briefly
detain
suspect
based
reasonable
suspicion
criminal
activity
may
conduct
limited
frisk
suspect
concealed
weapons
order
protect
personal
danger
deemed
frisk
reasonable
fourth
amendment
light
special
need
law
enforcement
officers
protect
prospective
victims
violence
investigative
detentions
brief
though
far
inconsiderable
intrusion
upon
sanctity
person
terry
early
progeny
permit
ted
brief
investigative
stops
extremely
limited
searches
based
reasonable
suspicion
state
place
brennan
concurring
result
recently
applied
rationale
underlying
terry
wide
variety
intrusive
searches
seizures
prompting
continued
criticism
emerging
tendency
part
convert
terry
decision
narrow
exception
one
swallow
general
rule
searches
reasonable
based
probable
cause
place
supra
brennan
concurring
result
citations
omitted
today
holds
terry
reasonable
suspicion
standard
strikes
proper
balance
officer
safety
citizen
privacy
protective
sweeps
private
dwellings
ante
agree
majority
officers
executing
arrest
warrant
within
private
dwelling
interest
protecting
potential
ambush
third
parties
see
ante
majority
offers
support
assumption
danger
ambush
planned
home
arrests
approaches
danger
unavoidable
confrontations
myriad
daily
situations
policemen
citizens
confront
street
terry
supra
event
implicit
judgment
protective
sweep
constitutes
minimally
intrusive
search
akin
involved
terry
markedly
undervalues
nature
scope
privacy
interests
involved
fourth
amendment
protects
person
privacy
interests
variety
settings
physical
entry
home
chief
evil
wording
fourth
amendment
directed
district
eastern
district
michigan
discounts
nature
intrusion
believes
scope
intrusion
limited
explains
protective
sweep
scope
narrowly
confined
cursory
visual
inspection
places
person
might
hiding
ante
confined
duration
period
longer
necessary
dispel
reasonable
suspicion
danger
event
longer
takes
complete
arrest
depart
premises
ante
spatial
temporal
restrictions
particularly
limiting
protective
sweep
bring
within
police
purview
virtually
personal
possessions
within
house
hidden
view
small
enclosed
space
police
officers
searching
potential
ambushers
might
enter
every
room
including
basements
attics
open
closets
lockers
chests
wardrobes
cars
peer
beds
behind
furniture
officers
view
letters
documents
personal
effects
tables
desks
visible
inside
open
drawers
books
records
tapes
pictures
shelves
clothing
medicines
toiletries
paraphernalia
carefully
stored
dresser
drawers
bathroom
cupboards
perhaps
search
ante
protective
sweep
much
closer
limited
patdown
weapons
frisk
automobile
ante
nature
scope
intrusion
sanctioned
far
greater
upheld
terry
long
conclusion
ingredients
apply
balance
struck
terry
long
present
case
unwarranted
ingredient
minimally
intrusive
search
absent
holding
today
therefore
unpalatably
deviates
terry
progeny
light
special
sanctity
private
residence
highly
intrusive
nature
protective
sweep
firmly
believe
police
officers
must
probable
cause
fear
personal
safety
threatened
hidden
confederate
arrestee
may
sweep
entire
home
given
determination
officers
searching
buie
home
lacked
probable
cause
perceive
danger
therefore
lawfully
present
basement
affirm
state
decision
suppress
incriminating
evidence
respectfully
dissent
recently
relied
terry
relax
warrant
requirements
searches
places
new
york
class
search
car
interior
michigan
long
seizures
personal
effects
new
jersey
search
student
purse
place
seizure
luggage
individual
police
officers
necessarily
initiate
street
encounters
without
advance
planning
wide
variety
purposes
terry
ohio
officers
choosing
execute
arrest
warrant
suspect
house
may
minimize
risk
ambush
example
show
force
case
least
six
armed
officers
secured
premises
course
officers
select
safer
venue
making
arrest
officers
arrest
warrant
buie
probable
cause
believe
present
house
authorized
initial
entry
majority
concedes
nce
found
search
buie
expectation
privacy
remaining
areas
house
ante
fact
areas
necessarily
exposed
police
buie
arrest
thus
diminish
privacy
interest
remaining
rooms
see
chimel
california
see
reason
simply
interference
individual
privacy
freedom
movement
lawfully
taken
place
intrusions
automatically
allowed
despite
absence
warrant
fourth
amendment
otherwise
require
protective
sweep
case
may
exceeded
permissible
temporal
scope
defined
appeals
maryland
expressly
noted
time
warrantless
search
buie
safely
outside
house
handcuffed
unarmed
md
remand
therefore
state
need
decide
whether
reasonable
suspicion
standard
satisfied
case
determine
sweep
basement
took
place
police
sufficient
time
complete
arrest
depart
premises
ante
indeed
protective
sweep
sufficiently
broad
scope
today
ruling
might
encourage
police
officers
execute
arrest
warrants
suspects
homes
take
advantage
opportunity
peruse
premises
incriminating
evidence
left
plain
view
incentive
runs
directly
counter
central
tenet
setting
zone
privacy
clearly
defined
bounded
unambiguous
physical
dimensions
individual
home
zone
finds
roots
clear
specific
constitutional
terms
payton
new
york
decision
also
expand
search
incident
arrest
exception
previously
recognized
chimel
california
supra
allowing
police
officers
without
requisite
level
suspicion
look
closets
spaces
immediately
adjoining
place
arrest
attack
immediately
launched
ante
equally
disquieting
chimel
established
police
officers
may
presume
matter
law
without
need
factual
support
particular
case
arrestees
might
take
advantage
weapons
destroy
evidence
area
within
immediate
control
therefore
protective
search
area
per
se
reasonable
fourth
amendment
chimel
supra
find
much
less
plausible
implicit
assumption
today
arrestees
likely
sprinkle
hidden
allies
throughout
rooms
might
arrested
hence
comparable
justification
permitting
arresting
officers
presume
matter
law
threatened
ambush
immediately
adjoining
spaces