sweezy
new
hampshire
argued
march
decided
june
case
brought
appeal
appellant
failed
meet
burden
showing
jurisdiction
appeal
properly
invoked
held
appeal
dismissed
treating
papers
petition
certiorari
certiorari
granted
pp
investigation
conducted
state
attorney
general
acting
behalf
state
legislature
broad
resolution
directing
determine
whether
subversive
persons
state
recommend
legislation
subject
appellant
answered
questions
asked
including
whether
communist
refused
answer
questions
related
contents
lecture
delivered
state
university
knowledge
progressive
party
state
members
plead
privilege
based
refusal
answer
questions
grounds
pertinent
inquiry
violated
rights
first
amendment
persisting
refusal
haled
state
directed
answer
adjudged
guilty
contempt
judgment
affirmed
state
construed
term
subversive
persons
broadly
enough
include
persons
engaged
conduct
remotely
related
actual
subversion
done
completely
apart
conscious
intent
part
activity
also
held
need
legislature
informed
subject
government
outweighed
deprivation
constitutional
rights
occurred
process
held
record
case
appellant
rights
due
process
clause
fourteenth
amendment
violated
judgment
reversed
pp
reversed
opinions
justices
constituting
majority
see
opinion
chief
justice
joined
justice
black
justice
douglas
justice
brennan
opinion
justice
frankfurter
joined
justice
harlan
concurring
result
post
dissenting
opinion
justice
clark
joined
justice
burton
see
post
thomas
emerson
argued
cause
appellant
brief
william
phinney
louis
wyman
attorney
general
new
hampshire
argued
cause
appellee
brief
joseph
gall
special
assistant
attorney
general
elmer
bourque
assistant
attorney
general
chief
justice
warren
announced
judgment
delivered
opinion
justice
black
justice
douglas
justice
brennan
join
case
like
watkins
ante
brings
us
question
concerning
constitutional
limits
legislative
inquiry
investigation
conducted
aegis
state
legislature
rather
house
congress
places
controversy
slightly
different
setting
watkins
ultimate
question
whether
investigation
deprived
sweezy
due
process
law
fourteenth
amendment
reasons
set
opinion
conclude
record
case
sustain
power
state
compel
disclosures
witness
refused
make
case
brought
appeal
jurisdiction
alleged
rest
upon
contentions
rejected
state
courts
statute
new
hampshire
repugnant
constitution
postponed
decision
question
jurisdiction
consideration
merits
parties
neither
briefed
argued
jurisdictional
question
appellant
thus
failed
meet
burden
showing
jurisdiction
appeal
properly
invoked
appeal
therefore
dismissed
treating
appeal
papers
petition
writ
certiorari
petition
granted
cf
union
national
bank
lamb
investigation
petitioner
summoned
testify
origins
statute
passed
new
hampshire
legislature
comprehensive
scheme
regulation
subversive
activities
section
defining
criminal
conduct
nature
sedition
subversive
organizations
declared
unlawful
ordered
dissolved
subversive
persons
made
ineligible
employment
state
government
included
disability
employed
teachers
capacities
public
educational
institution
loyalty
program
instituted
eliminate
subversive
persons
among
government
personnel
present
employees
well
candidates
elective
office
future
required
make
sworn
statements
subversive
persons
legislature
adopted
joint
resolution
relating
investigation
subversive
activities
resolved
attorney
general
hereby
authorized
directed
make
full
complete
investigation
respect
violations
subversive
activities
act
determine
whether
subversive
persons
defined
said
act
presently
located
within
state
attorney
general
authorized
act
upon
motion
upon
information
judgment
may
reasonable
reliable
attorney
general
directed
proceed
criminal
prosecutions
subversive
activities
act
whenever
evidence
presented
course
investigation
indicates
violations
thereof
shall
report
session
first
day
regular
session
results
investigation
together
recommendations
necessary
legislation
petitioner
summoned
appear
attorney
general
two
separate
occasions
january
petitioner
testified
length
upon
past
conduct
associations
denied
ever
member
communist
party
ever
part
program
overthrow
government
force
violence
interrogation
ranged
many
matters
petitioner
world
war
ii
military
service
office
strategic
services
sponsorship
scientific
cultural
conference
world
peace
spoke
course
inquiry
petitioner
declined
answer
several
questions
reasons
given
statement
read
committee
outset
hearing
declared
answer
questions
pertinent
subject
inquiry
well
transgress
limitations
first
amendment
keeping
stand
refused
disclose
knowledge
progressive
party
new
hampshire
persons
acquainted
organization
action
taken
attorney
general
compel
answers
questions
attorney
general
summoned
petitioner
testify
june
interrogation
witness
prior
contacts
communists
attorney
general
lays
great
stress
upon
article
petitioner
deplored
use
violence
capitalist
countries
attempting
preserve
social
order
writers
thought
must
inevitably
fall
resistance
article
continued
met
violence
oncoming
socialism
violence
less
condemned
morally
capitalism
since
purpose
create
truly
human
society
petitioner
affirmed
styled
classical
marxist
socialist
article
expressed
continuing
opinion
second
hearing
attorney
general
asked
petitioner
refused
answer
questions
concerning
progressive
party
predecessor
progressive
citizens
america
nancy
sweezy
wife
active
formation
progressive
citizens
america
nancy
sweezy
working
individuals
members
communist
party
charles
beebe
active
forming
progressive
citizens
america
charles
beebe
active
progressive
party
new
hampshire
work
present
wife
charles
beebe
work
present
wife
meeting
home
abraham
walenko
weare
anything
progressive
party
subject
lecture
tell
class
university
new
hampshire
monday
march
socialism
inevitable
country
advocate
marxism
time
express
opinion
make
statement
time
socialism
inevitable
america
last
lecture
march
former
lectures
espouse
theory
dialectical
materialism
petitioner
adhered
second
proceeding
reasons
answering
given
statement
first
hearing
maintained
questions
pertinent
matter
inquiry
infringed
upon
area
protected
first
amendment
following
hearings
attorney
general
petitioned
superior
merrimack
county
new
hampshire
setting
forth
circumstances
petitioner
appearance
committee
refusal
answer
certain
questions
petition
prayed
propound
questions
witness
hearing
argument
ruled
questions
set
pertinent
petitioner
called
witness
persisted
refusal
answer
constitutional
reasons
adjudged
contempt
ordered
committed
county
jail
purged
contempt
new
hampshire
affirmed
opinion
discusses
two
classes
questions
addressed
witness
dealing
lectures
progressive
party
progressive
citizens
america
mention
made
single
question
concerning
petitioner
belief
communism
view
hold
controlling
issue
case
however
unnecessary
resolve
affirmatively
particular
question
included
decision
state
doubt
legislative
investigations
whether
federal
state
level
capable
encroaching
upon
constitutional
liberties
individuals
particularly
important
exercise
power
compulsory
process
carefully
circumscribed
investigative
process
tends
impinge
upon
highly
sensitive
areas
freedom
speech
press
freedom
political
association
freedom
communication
ideas
particularly
academic
community
responsibility
proper
conduct
investigations
rests
course
upon
legislature
assembly
chooses
authorize
inquiries
behalf
legislatively
created
committee
basic
responsibility
carries
forward
include
duty
adequate
supervision
actions
committee
safeguard
nullified
committee
invested
broad
jurisdiction
authorizing
resolution
thus
becomes
especially
significant
reveals
amount
discretion
conferred
upon
committee
case
investigation
governed
provisions
new
hampshire
subversive
activities
act
attorney
general
instructed
legislature
look
violations
act
addition
given
far
sweeping
mandate
find
subversive
persons
defined
act
present
new
hampshire
statute
therefore
measures
breadth
scope
investigation
us
subversive
persons
defined
many
gradations
conduct
interest
minimal
requirements
definition
since
outline
reach
according
statute
person
subversive
person
means
aids
commission
act
intended
assist
alteration
constitutional
form
government
force
violence
possible
remoteness
armed
insurrection
conduct
satisfy
criteria
obvious
language
statute
goes
well
beyond
engaged
efforts
designed
alter
form
government
force
violence
statute
declares
effect
assistant
assistant
caught
definition
chain
conduct
attains
increased
significance
light
lack
necessary
element
guilty
knowledge
either
stage
assistants
state
held
definition
encompasses
persons
engaged
specified
conduct
whether
done
knowingly
willfully
nelson
wyman
potential
sweep
definition
extends
conduct
remotely
related
actual
subversion
done
completely
free
conscious
intent
part
activity
situation
us
many
respects
analogous
wieman
updegraff
held
loyalty
oath
prescribed
state
oklahoma
officers
employees
violated
requirements
due
process
clause
entailed
sanctions
membership
subversive
organizations
without
scienter
state
attempting
bar
disloyal
individuals
employ
exclude
persons
solely
basis
organizational
membership
regardless
knowledge
concerning
organizations
belonged
said
dispute
consequences
visited
upon
person
excluded
public
employment
disloyalty
grounds
view
community
stain
deep
one
indeed
become
badge
infamy
especially
time
cold
war
hot
emotions
man
begins
eye
neighbor
possible
enemy
yet
oklahoma
act
fact
association
alone
determines
disloyalty
disqualification
matters
whether
association
existed
innocently
knowingly
thus
inhibit
individual
freedom
movement
stifle
flow
democratic
expression
controversy
one
chief
sources
nature
investigation
attorney
general
authorized
conduct
revealed
case
delved
minutely
past
conduct
petitioner
thereby
making
private
life
matter
public
record
questioning
indicates
investigators
thoroughly
prepared
interview
acquiring
new
information
much
corroborating
data
already
possession
great
majority
questions
witness
cooperative
even
though
made
clear
opinion
interrogation
unjustified
unconstitutional
two
subjects
arose
upon
petitioner
refused
answer
lectures
university
new
hampshire
knowledge
progressive
party
adherents
state
courts
upheld
attempt
investigate
academic
subject
ground
might
indicate
whether
petitioner
subversive
person
taught
class
state
university
found
relevant
character
teacher
state
carefully
excluded
possibility
inquiry
sustainable
state
interest
state
university
warrant
authorizing
resolution
sole
basis
inquiry
scrutinize
teacher
person
inquiry
must
stand
fall
basis
interrogation
subject
progressive
party
deemed
come
within
attorney
general
mandate
party
might
shown
subversive
organization
state
held
questions
called
answers
concerning
membership
participation
named
persons
progressive
party
given
aid
attorney
general
determining
whether
party
predecessor
subversive
organizations
new
hampshire
concluded
right
lecture
right
associate
others
common
purpose
political
otherwise
individual
liberties
guaranteed
every
citizen
state
federal
constitutions
absolute
rights
inquiries
authorized
legislature
connection
investigation
concerning
contents
lecture
membership
purposes
activities
progressive
party
undoubtedly
interfered
defendant
free
exercise
liberties
state
thus
conceded
without
extended
discussion
petitioner
right
lecture
right
associate
others
constitutionally
protected
freedoms
abridged
investigation
conclusions
seriously
debated
merely
summon
witness
compel
disclose
nature
past
expressions
associations
measure
governmental
interference
matters
rights
safeguarded
bill
rights
fourteenth
amendment
believe
unquestionably
invasion
petitioner
liberties
areas
academic
freedom
political
expression
areas
government
extremely
reticent
tread
essentiality
freedom
community
american
universities
almost
one
underestimate
vital
role
democracy
played
guide
train
youth
impose
strait
jacket
upon
intellectual
leaders
colleges
universities
imperil
future
nation
field
education
thoroughly
comprehended
man
new
discoveries
yet
made
particularly
true
social
sciences
principles
accepted
absolutes
scholarship
flourish
atmosphere
suspicion
distrust
teachers
students
must
always
remain
free
inquire
study
evaluate
gain
new
maturity
understanding
otherwise
civilization
stagnate
die
equally
manifest
fundamental
principle
democratic
society
political
freedom
individual
form
government
built
premise
every
citizen
shall
right
engage
political
expression
association
right
enshrined
first
amendment
bill
rights
exercise
basic
freedoms
america
traditionally
media
political
associations
interference
freedom
party
simultaneously
interference
freedom
adherents
political
ideas
channeled
programs
two
major
parties
history
amply
proved
virtue
political
activity
minority
dissident
groups
innumerable
times
vanguard
democratic
thought
whose
programs
ultimately
accepted
mere
unorthodoxy
dissent
prevailing
mores
condemned
absence
voices
symptom
grave
illness
society
notwithstanding
undeniable
importance
freedom
areas
new
hampshire
consider
abridgment
petitioner
rights
constitution
vitiated
investigation
view
answer
lies
determination
whether
object
legislative
investigation
consideration
justify
restriction
thereby
imposed
upon
defendant
liberties
found
justification
legislature
judgment
expressed
authorizing
resolution
exists
potential
menace
overthrow
government
force
violence
concluded
need
legislature
informed
elemental
subject
government
outweighed
deprivation
constitutional
rights
occurred
process
conceive
circumstance
wherein
state
interest
justify
infringement
rights
fields
need
reach
fundamental
questions
state
power
decide
case
state
recognized
weakness
conclusion
menace
forcible
overthrow
government
justified
sacrificing
constitutional
rights
missing
link
chain
reasoning
syllogism
complete
nothing
connect
questioning
petitioner
fundamental
interest
state
petitioner
interrogated
legislative
committee
legislature
relationship
committee
full
assembly
vital
therefore
revealing
relationship
questioning
state
interest
light
state
emphasized
factor
authorizing
resolution
confined
inquiries
attorney
general
might
undertake
object
investigation
limitation
thought
stem
authorizing
resolution
condition
precedent
institution
inquiry
new
hampshire
legislature
specified
attorney
general
act
information
judgment
may
reasonable
reliable
state
construed
mean
attorney
general
must
something
like
probable
cause
conducting
particular
investigation
likely
device
prove
adequate
safeguard
unwarranted
inquiries
legislature
specified
determination
necessity
inquiry
shall
left
judgment
investigator
case
record
reveal
reasonable
reliable
information
led
attorney
general
question
petitioner
state
relied
upon
attorney
general
description
prior
information
come
possession
respective
roles
legislature
investigator
thus
revealed
considerable
significance
issue
us
eminently
clear
basic
discretion
determining
direction
legislative
inquiry
turned
investigative
agency
attorney
general
given
sweeping
uncertain
mandate
decision
picks
subjects
pursued
witnesses
summoned
questions
asked
circumstance
stated
authoritatively
legislature
asked
attorney
general
gather
kind
facts
comprised
subjects
upon
petitioner
interrogated
instead
making
known
nature
data
desired
legislature
insulated
witnesses
whose
rights
may
vitally
affected
investigation
incorporating
reference
provisions
subversive
activities
act
told
attorney
general
effect
screen
citizenry
new
hampshire
bring
light
anyone
fits
expansive
definitions
within
broad
area
thus
committed
discretion
attorney
general
may
many
facts
legislature
might
find
useful
also
great
deal
data
assembly
want
need
classes
information
legislature
might
deem
desirable
validly
acquire
effect
upon
constitutional
rights
individual
citizens
separating
wheat
chaff
standpoint
legislature
object
legislature
responsibility
alone
make
judgment
case
new
hampshire
legislature
delegated
task
attorney
general
result
neither
state
courts
assurance
questions
petitioner
refused
answer
fall
category
matters
upon
legislature
wanted
informed
initiated
inquiry
judiciary
thus
placed
untenable
position
lacking
even
elementary
fact
legislature
wants
certain
questions
answered
recognizing
petitioner
constitutional
rights
jeopardy
asked
approve
disapprove
incarceration
contempt
view
answer
clear
one
deny
infringement
constitutional
rights
individuals
violate
guarantee
due
process
state
interest
underlies
state
action
thus
attorney
general
interrogation
petitioner
fact
wholly
unrelated
object
legislature
authorizing
inquiry
due
process
clause
preclude
endangering
constitutional
liberties
believe
equivalent
situation
presented
case
lack
indications
legislature
wanted
information
attorney
general
attempted
elicit
petitioner
must
treated
absence
authority
follows
use
contempt
power
notwithstanding
interference
constitutional
rights
accordance
due
process
requirements
fourteenth
amendment
conclusion
reached
case
grounded
upon
doctrine
separation
powers
federal
government
clear
constitution
conferred
powers
government
upon
three
major
branches
executive
legislative
judicial
contention
made
petitioner
new
hampshire
legislature
investigation
arrogated
executive
judicial
powers
accept
finding
state
employment
attorney
general
investigating
committee
alter
legislative
nature
proceedings
moreover
held
concept
separation
powers
embodied
constitution
mandatory
state
governments
dreyer
illinois
cf
tenney
brandhove
conclusion
rest
upon
separation
power
state
legislature
conduct
investigations
responsibility
direct
use
power
insofar
separation
causes
deprivation
constitutional
rights
individuals
denial
due
process
law
judgment
new
hampshire
reversed
footnotes
laws
authority
attorney
general
continued
another
period
laws
cc
determined
investigation
conducted
concerning
proper
subject
action
legislature
choice
attorney
general
investigating
committee
instead
committee
members
special
board
commission
determinative
nature
investigation
position
chief
law
enforcement
officer
state
transform
inquiry
otherwise
legislative
executive
action
nelson
wyman
attorney
general
new
hampshire
appointed
office
governor
state
council
group
five
persons
share
executive
responsibilities
state
government
principal
duties
attorney
general
set
forth
rev
stat
represents
state
cases
state
prosecutes
criminal
cases
accused
charged
offense
punishable
years
prison
criminal
cases
general
supervision
gives
opinions
questions
law
legislature
state
boards
departments
commissions
officers
questions
relating
official
duties
whenever
official
board
given
power
summon
witnesses
take
testimony
power
punish
contempt
witness
refuses
obey
summons
either
appearance
production
things
specified
summons
refuses
testify
answer
question
petition
order
compel
testify
compliance
summons
may
filed
superior
justice
thereof
rev
stat
upon
petition
justice
shall
authority
proceed
matter
though
original
proceeding
may
make
orders
impose
penalties
accordingly
see
state
uphaus
called
testify
similar
investigations
classified
three
categories
first
communists
reason
believe
even
communists
accused
danger
harassment
prosecution
second
approve
purposes
methods
investigations
third
communists
believe
danger
prosecuted
yet
deeply
disapprove
purposes
methods
investigations
first
group
naturally
think
wholly
justifiably
plead
constitutional
privilege
witnesses
second
group
equally
naturally
cooperative
witnesses
third
group
faced
extremely
difficult
dilemma
know
belong
third
group
struggling
problems
many
weeks
like
explain
nature
dilemma
think
important
conducting
inquiries
public
understand
often
said
person
communist
nothing
fear
answer
whatever
questions
put
done
answer
course
us
believe
investigations
evil
dangerous
want
give
approval
either
tacitly
otherwise
contrary
want
oppose
best
ability
persuade
others
likewise
hope
eventually
abolishing
altogether
reasons
opposing
investigations
captious
trivial
deep
roots
principle
conscience
let
explain
reference
present
new
hampshire
investigation
official
purpose
inquiry
uncover
lay
basis
prosecution
persons
one
way
another
promote
forcible
overthrow
constitutional
forms
government
leaving
aside
question
constitutionality
investigation
courts
think
must
plain
reasonable
person
well
informed
conditions
new
hampshire
today
strict
adherence
purpose
leave
little
room
investigation
obvious
enough
radicals
dissenters
kind
new
hampshire
advocate
use
force
violence
must
isolated
crackpots
danger
anyone
least
constitutional
form
government
state
nation
attorney
general
able
check
facts
quickly
issue
report
satisfying
mandate
laid
upon
legislature
done
know
whole
story
enough
come
show
attorney
general
issued
considerable
number
subpoenas
held
hearings
various
parts
state
far
available
information
allows
us
judge
subpoenaed
fallen
one
two
groups
first
professors
dartmouth
university
new
hampshire
gained
reputation
liberal
otherwise
unorthodox
views
second
people
active
progressive
party
specially
noted
whatever
may
thought
progressive
party
respect
certainly
devoted
violent
overthrow
constitutional
forms
government
contrary
effecting
reforms
democratic
procedures
essence
constitutional
forms
government
pattern
described
accident
whatever
official
purpose
investigations
always
end
inquiring
politics
ideas
beliefs
people
hold
time
unpopular
views
federal
house
committee
activities
example
supposed
investigate
various
kinds
propaganda
mandate
whatever
years
however
spent
almost
time
investigating
propaganda
devoted
almost
energies
exposing
people
ideas
affiliations
associations
similarly
new
hampshire
investigation
supposed
concerned
violent
overthrow
government
actually
turning
concerned
manifestations
political
dissent
made
felt
state
recent
years
first
principle
american
constitutional
form
government
political
freedom
take
include
freedoms
speech
press
assembly
association
see
denied
investigations
grave
danger
americans
always
claimed
cherish
rights
genuine
person
exercising
hauled
tribunal
forced
penalties
perjury
contempt
account
ideas
conduct
let
us
return
problem
witness
nothing
fear
nowadays
styled
friendly
witness
feels
deeply
follow
course
betrayal
principles
repugnant
conscience
courses
open
claim
privilege
witness
thus
avoid
hateful
inquisition
respect
decision
elect
take
course
reason
rejecting
public
opinion
present
state
exercise
privilege
almost
certain
widely
misinterpreted
one
noblest
precious
guarantees
freedom
course
bitter
struggles
terrible
suffering
distorted
day
mean
confession
guilt
sinister
undefined
indeed
undefinable
unfortunate
true
public
large
accepted
distortion
scarcely
listen
invoked
privilege
alternatively
witness
seek
uphold
principles
maintain
integrity
claiming
protection
fifth
amendment
fifteenth
article
new
hampshire
bill
rights
contesting
legitimacy
offensive
questions
constitutional
legal
grounds
far
first
amendment
limits
right
legislative
inquiry
settled
moment
considering
case
emspak
case
may
much
settle
question
even
handed
decision
emspak
case
quite
certain
first
amendment
place
limitations
power
investigation
always
open
witness
challenge
question
ground
transgresses
limitations
necessary
take
issue
courts
decision
moreover
witness
may
required
answer
questions
unless
pertinent
matter
inquiry
words
matter
inquiry
present
investigation
according
act
new
hampshire
legislature
directing
investigation
purpose
twofold
make
full
complete
investigation
respect
violations
subversive
activities
act
determine
whether
subversive
persons
defined
said
act
presently
located
within
state
studied
subversive
activities
act
care
glad
volunteer
information
absolutely
knowledge
violations
provisions
knowledge
subversive
persons
presently
located
within
state
statements
may
carry
full
conviction
prepared
answer
certain
questions
though
mean
concede
right
ask
also
prepared
discuss
views
relating
use
force
violence
overthrow
constitutional
forms
government
shall
respectfully
decline
answer
questions
concerning
ideas
beliefs
associations
possibly
pertinent
matter
inquiry
seem
invade
freedoms
guaranteed
first
amendment
constitution
course
applies
equally
several
progressive
party
offered
slate
candidates
national
office
presidential
election
henry
wallace
former
vice
president
party
selection
presidency
glen
taylor
former
senator
nominee
party
nationwide
party
received
popular
vote
total
votes
progressive
party
candidates
cast
new
hampshire
statistics
presidential
congressional
election
november
pp
see
note
supra
made
general
ruling
questions
concerning
opinions
beliefs
witness
pertinent
nevertheless
propound
witness
one
question
belief
communism
see
note
supra
subversive
person
means
person
commits
attempts
commit
aids
commission
advocates
abets
advises
teaches
means
person
commit
attempt
commit
aid
commission
act
intended
overthrow
destroy
alter
assist
overthrow
destruction
alteration
constitutional
form
government
state
new
hampshire
political
subdivision
either
force
violence
member
subversive
organization
foreign
subversive
organization
rev
stat
purpose
chapter
organization
means
organization
corporation
company
partnership
association
trust
foundation
fund
club
society
committee
political
party
group
persons
whether
incorporated
permanently
temporarily
associated
together
joint
action
advancement
views
subject
subjects
subversive
organization
means
organization
engages
advocates
abets
advises
teaches
purpose
engage
advocate
abet
advise
teach
activities
intended
overthrow
destroy
alter
assist
overthrow
destruction
alteration
constitutional
form
government
state
new
hampshire
political
subdivision
either
force
violence
ibid
state
illustrated
reasonable
reliable
information
underlying
inquiries
progressive
party
quoting
remark
made
attorney
general
hearing
answer
petitioner
objection
line
questions
attorney
general
declared
considerable
sworn
testimony
effect
progressive
party
new
hampshire
heavily
infiltrated
members
communist
party
policies
purposes
progressive
party
directly
influenced
members
communist
party
none
testimony
part
record
case
existence
weight
independently
reviewed
state
courts
point
anything
supported
questioning
subject
lecture
stated
attorney
general
inquire
lectures
possesses
reasonable
reliable
information
indicating
violent
overthrow
existing
government
may
advocated
taught
either
knowingly
wilfully
anything
indicated
petitioner
knowingly
innocently
advocated
taught
violent
overthrow
existing
government
appear
one
point
hearing
attorney
general
said
petitioner
file
statement
person
attended
class
read
part
want
think
fishing
talk
time
inevitability
socialist
program
interpretation
materialist
dialectic
cite
statement
justice
frankfurter
justice
harlan
joins
concurring
result
different
case
watkins
ante
case
comes
us
solely
limited
power
review
action
conferred
upon
fourteenth
amendment
petitioner
claims
respect
liberties
guaranteed
due
process
clause
amendment
precludes
state
new
hampshire
compelling
answer
certain
questions
put
investigating
arm
legislature
narrowly
circumscribed
exceedingly
difficult
task
making
final
judicial
accommodation
competing
weighty
claims
underlie
questions
due
process
assessing
claim
state
new
hampshire
information
denied
petitioner
concern
fact
new
hampshire
chose
make
attorney
general
effect
standing
committee
legislature
purpose
investigating
extent
subversive
activities
within
bounds
case
must
judged
though
whole
body
legislature
demanded
information
petitioner
make
deepest
inroads
upon
federal
system
hold
determine
appropriate
distribution
powers
delegation
within
earlier
justice
harlan
said
unanimous
dreyer
illinois
whether
legislative
executive
judicial
powers
state
shall
kept
altogether
distinct
separate
whether
persons
collections
persons
belonging
one
department
may
respect
matters
exert
powers
strictly
speaking
pertain
another
department
government
determination
state
determination
one
way
element
inquiry
whether
due
process
law
prescribed
fourteenth
amendment
respected
state
representatives
dealing
matters
involving
life
liberty
pursuant
investigation
subversive
activities
authorized
joint
resolution
houses
new
hampshire
legislature
state
attorney
general
subpoenaed
petitioner
january
extensive
questioning
among
matters
petitioner
questioned
details
career
personal
life
whether
ever
member
communist
party
whether
ever
attended
meetings
whether
ever
attended
meetings
knew
also
attended
party
members
whether
knew
communists
state
whether
knew
named
persons
alleged
connections
organizations
either
attorney
general
list
cited
activities
committee
house
representatives
ever
attended
meetings
whether
ever
taught
supported
overthrow
state
force
violence
ever
known
assisted
persons
groups
done
whether
ever
connected
organizations
attorney
general
list
whether
supported
written
behalf
variety
allegedly
subversive
named
causes
conferences
periodicals
petitions
attempts
raise
funds
legal
defense
certain
persons
whether
knew
progressive
party
positions
held
whether
candidate
presidential
elector
party
whether
certain
persons
party
whether
communists
influenced
members
progressive
party
whether
sponsored
activities
behalf
candidacy
henry
wallace
whether
advocated
replacing
capitalist
system
another
economic
system
whether
conception
socialism
involved
force
violence
whether
writings
actions
ever
attempted
advance
soviet
union
propaganda
line
whether
ever
attended
meetings
liberal
club
university
new
hampshire
whether
magazine
publication
whether
knew
named
persons
petitioner
answered
questions
making
plain
never
communist
never
taught
violent
overthrow
government
never
knowingly
associated
communists
state
socialist
believer
peaceful
change
one
time
belonged
certain
organizations
list
attorney
general
include
progressive
party
cited
house
activities
committee
declined
answer
irrelevant
violative
free
speech
guarantees
certain
questions
progressive
party
whether
knew
particular
persons
stated
repeatedly
however
knowledge
communists
communist
influence
progressive
party
testified
candidate
party
signing
required
loyalty
oath
know
whether
alleged
communist
leader
active
progressive
party
despite
exhaustive
scope
inquiry
attorney
general
subpoenaed
petitioner
testify
june
interrogation
similarly
sweeping
petitioner
answered
virtually
questions
including
concerning
relationship
named
persons
communist
party
causes
deemed
subversive
state
laws
alleged
communist
influence
organizations
connected
including
progressive
party
participation
organizations
progressive
party
antecedent
progressive
citizens
america
refused
however
answer
certain
questions
regarding
lecture
given
university
new
hampshire
activities
others
progressive
political
organizations
opinions
beliefs
invoking
constitutional
guarantees
free
speech
attorney
general
petitioned
superior
order
petitioner
answer
questions
categories
ruled
petitioner
answer
questions
pertaining
lectures
progressive
party
predecessor
otherwise
pertaining
opinions
beliefs
upon
petitioner
refusal
answer
questions
sanctioned
found
contempt
ordered
committed
county
jail
purged
contempt
new
hampshire
affirmed
order
superior
held
questions
issue
relevant
constitutional
provision
permitted
petitioner
frustrate
state
demands
questions
petitioner
refused
answer
regarding
university
lecture
third
given
three
years
invitation
faculty
humanities
subject
lecture
tell
class
university
new
hampshire
monday
march
socialism
inevitable
country
advocate
marxism
time
express
opinion
make
statement
time
socialism
inevitable
america
last
lecture
march
former
lectures
espouse
theory
dialectical
materialism
file
statement
person
attended
class
read
part
want
think
fishing
talk
time
inevitability
socialist
program
interpretation
materialist
dialectic
ask
original
question
like
say
one
thing
connection
wyman
stated
oath
last
appearance
repeat
advocate
way
aim
overthrowing
constitutional
government
force
violence
advocate
lecture
gave
university
new
hampshire
fact
never
time
advocated
lecture
anywhere
aside
nothing
want
say
lecture
question
weighed
grave
harm
resulting
governmental
intrusion
intellectual
life
university
justification
compelling
witness
discuss
contents
lecture
appears
grossly
inadequate
particularly
witness
sworn
neither
lecture
time
ever
advocate
overthrowing
government
force
violence
progress
natural
sciences
remotely
confined
findings
made
laboratory
insights
mysteries
nature
born
hypothesis
speculation
true
pursuit
understanding
groping
endeavors
called
social
sciences
concern
man
society
problems
respective
preoccupations
anthropology
economics
law
psychology
sociology
related
areas
scholarship
merely
departmentalized
dealing
way
manageable
division
analysis
interpenetrating
aspects
holistic
perplexities
society
good
understanding
essential
need
society
inquiries
problems
speculations
stimulation
others
reflection
upon
must
left
unfettered
possible
political
power
must
abstain
intrusion
activity
freedom
pursued
interest
wise
government
people
except
reasons
exigent
obviously
compelling
pages
need
burdened
proof
based
testimony
cloud
impressive
witnesses
dependence
free
society
free
universities
means
exclusion
governmental
intervention
intellectual
life
university
matters
little
whether
intervention
occurs
avowedly
action
inevitably
tends
check
ardor
fearlessness
scholars
qualities
fragile
indispensable
fruitful
academic
labor
one
need
refer
address
huxley
opening
johns
hopkins
university
annual
reports
president
lawrence
lowell
harvard
reports
university
grants
committee
great
britain
illustrative
items
vast
body
literature
suffice
quote
latest
expression
subject
also
perhaps
poignant
plea
behalf
continuing
free
spirit
open
universities
south
africa
gone
unheeded
university
knowledge
end
merely
means
end
university
ceases
true
nature
becomes
tool
church
state
sectional
interest
university
characterized
spirit
free
inquiry
ideal
ideal
socrates
follow
argument
leads
implies
right
examine
question
modify
reject
traditional
ideas
beliefs
dogma
hypothesis
incompatible
concept
immutable
doctrine
repugnant
spirit
university
concern
scholars
merely
add
revise
facts
relation
accepted
framework
ever
examining
modifying
framework
freedom
reason
freedom
disputation
basis
observation
experiment
necessary
conditions
advancement
scientific
knowledge
sense
freedom
also
necessary
creative
work
arts
equally
scientific
research
concern
university
business
university
provide
atmosphere
conducive
speculation
experiment
creation
atmosphere
prevail
four
essential
freedoms
university
determine
academic
grounds
may
teach
may
taught
shall
taught
may
admitted
study
open
universities
south
africa
statement
conference
senior
scholars
university
cape
town
university
witwatersrand
including
centlivres
richard
feetham
chancellors
respective
universities
petitioner
stated
response
questions
hearing
know
communist
interest
connection
influence
activity
manipulation
progressive
party
refused
answer
despite
order
following
questions
ground
inquiring
activities
lawful
political
organization
infringed
upon
inviolability
right
privacy
political
thoughts
actions
associations
nancy
sweezy
wife
active
formation
progressive
citizens
america
nancy
sweezy
working
individuals
members
communist
party
charles
beebe
active
forming
progressive
citizens
america
work
present
wife
charles
beebe
work
present
wife
meeting
home
one
abraham
walenko
anything
progressive
party
attorney
general
possess
information
sufficient
reasonably
warrant
inquiry
concerning
progressive
party
evident
statement
made
hearings
held
considerable
sworn
testimony
given
investigation
effect
progressive
party
new
hampshire
heavily
infiltrated
members
communist
party
policies
purposes
progressive
party
directly
influenced
members
communist
party
political
realm
academic
thought
action
presumptively
immune
inquisition
political
authority
require
argument
inquiry
barred
ascertain
whether
citizen
voted
one
two
major
parties
either
state
national
election
recently
difference
entertained
regard
inquiries
voter
affiliations
one
various
third
parties
day
longer
political
history
even
though
adequate
protection
secrecy
way
australian
ballot
come
use
till
implications
constitution
national
elections
concept
ordered
liberty
implicit
due
process
clause
fourteenth
amendment
palko
connecticut
frozen
respectively
language
constitution
change
changing
circumstances
progressive
society
designed
yield
new
fuller
import
meaning
see
hurtado
california
mcculloch
maryland
wheat
whatever
basis
massive
proof
light
history
may
well
take
judicial
notice
justification
regarding
communist
party
conventional
political
party
justification
afforded
regard
progressive
party
foundation
fact
reason
established
far
weightier
intimations
appear
record
warrant
view
progressive
party
precludes
questioning
petitioner
resisted
regard
party
sure
conclusion
based
judicial
judgment
balancing
two
contending
principles
right
citizen
political
privacy
protected
fourteenth
amendment
right
state
striking
balance
implies
exercise
judgment
inescapable
judicial
task
giving
substantive
content
legally
enforced
due
process
clause
task
ultimately
committed
must
exercise
whim
must
overriding
judgment
founded
something
much
deeper
justifiable
personal
preference
far
lies
within
human
limitations
must
impersonal
judgment
must
rest
fundamental
presuppositions
rooted
history
widespread
acceptance
may
fairly
attributed
judgment
must
arrived
spirit
humility
counters
judgment
state
highest
end
judgment
escaped
judgment
see
concurring
opinions
haley
ohio
louisiana
ex
rel
francis
resweber
malinski
new
york
compelled
conclude
judgment
new
hampshire
must
reversed
hon
centlivres
recently
retired
chief
justice
south
africa
hon
richard
feetham
also
eminent
retired
south
african
judge
inclusion
question
among
unanswered
questions
appears
oversight
view
fact
petitioner
attempted
answer
hearing
stating
never
knowledge
known
members
communist
party
new
hampshire
event
petitioner
brief
willing
repeat
answer
question
attorney
general
desires
consistent
demonstrated
willingness
answer
inquiries
regarding
communist
party
including
relation
progressive
party
progressive
party
ballot
including
new
hampshire
justice
clark
justice
burton
joins
dissenting
today
denied
state
new
hampshire
right
investigate
extent
subversive
activities
within
boundaries
manner
chosen
legislature
unfortunately
opinion
reverse
divided
entirely
different
grounds
four
brothers
join
shall
call
principal
opinion
hold
appointment
attorney
general
act
committee
legislature
results
separation
power
investigate
responsibility
direct
use
power
thereby
causes
deprivation
constitutional
rights
individuals
denial
due
process
theory
raised
parties
indeed
novel
one
brothers
frankfurter
harlan
agree
opinion
conclude
internal
affairs
new
hampshire
state
government
concern
us
see
dreyer
illinois
join
reversal
however
ground
sweezy
rights
first
amendment
violated
agree
neither
opinion
principal
opinion
finds
attorney
general
given
sweeping
uncertain
mandate
decision
picks
subjects
pursued
witnesses
summoned
questions
asked
new
hampshire
act
clearly
indicates
legislature
determined
general
subject
matter
investigation
subversive
activities
legislature
committee
attorney
general
properly
decided
witnesses
called
questions
asked
brothers
surely
legislature
whole
make
decisions
conclude
nevertheless
said
legislature
asked
attorney
general
gather
kind
facts
comprised
subjects
upon
petitioner
interrogated
follows
says
opinion
assurance
questions
petitioner
refused
answer
fall
category
matters
upon
legislature
wanted
informed
new
hampshire
construed
state
statute
declared
purpose
investigate
subversive
activities
within
state
approved
use
technique
said
questions
relevant
legislative
purpose
effect
state
says
attorney
general
directed
inquire
furthermore
legislature
renewed
act
language
twice
year
following
sweezy
interrogation
laws
ratifying
attorney
general
action
used
words
investigation
provided
chapter
laws
continued
resolution
approved
january
hereby
continued
full
force
effect
form
manner
authority
therein
provided
emphasis
added
bound
state
findings
right
strike
state
action
unless
find
deprivation
sweezy
constitutional
rights
interest
protecting
rights
greater
state
interest
uncovering
subversive
activities
within
confines
majority
made
findings
short
blocks
new
hampshire
effort
enforce
law
thought
pennsylvania
nelson
left
open
legitimate
state
control
subversive
activity
leveled
interest
state
one
intended
suspend
state
action
field
subversion
nation
thus
avoid
race
courthouse
door
federal
state
prosecutors
cases
concerning
subversive
activities
national
government
interstate
ramifications
individual
state
action
might
effectively
destroy
prosecution
national
level
thought
left
open
wide
field
state
action
implicit
opinions
today
contrary
conclusion
destroy
power
state
field
dissent
wide
sweep
coverage
principal
opinion
discusses
way
dictum
due
process
fourteenth
amendment
since
basis
opinion
placed
ground
think
necessary
raise
however
brothers
say
definition
subversive
person
lacks
necessary
element
guilty
knowledge
wieman
updegraff
heavily
depended
upon
authority
view
expressed
regard
authored
opinion
loyalty
oath
case
oklahoma
declared
ipso
facto
disqualified
employee
state
failed
take
prescribed
oath
inter
alia
belonged
subversive
organizations
struck
act
lack
requirement
scienter
said
constitutional
protection
extend
public
servant
whose
exclusion
pursuant
statute
patently
arbitrary
discriminatory
sweezy
charged
subversive
person
committee
made
finding
fact
found
person
sanction
act
new
hampshire
invoking
statute
like
oklahoma
act
excludes
one
anything
updegraff
stands
broad
abstraction
principal
opinion
suggests
since
conclusion
majority
reversing
predicated
first
amendment
questions
presented
see
necessity
discussing
since
principal
opinion
devotes
largely
issues
believe
fair
ask
given
elaborate
treatment
case
decided
entirely
different
ground
avail
quarrel
straw
man
view
first
amendment
problems
type
case
expressed
dissent
watkins
decided
today
ante
since
majority
passed
problems
since
convinced
state
interest
investigating
subversive
activities
protection
citizens
outweighed
necessity
protection
sweezy
affirm
judgment
new
hampshire