kiyoshi
hirabayashi
argued
decided
june
frank
walters
seattle
harold
evans
philadelphia
hirabayashi
charles
fahy
sol
washington
chief
justice
stone
delivered
opinion
appellant
american
citizen
japanese
ancestry
convicted
district
violating
act
congress
march
stat
makes
misdemeanor
knowingly
disregard
restrictions
made
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military
commander
persons
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area
prescribed
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order
president
questions
decision
whether
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violated
namely
persons
japanese
ancestry
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area
within
place
residence
daily
hours
adopted
military
commander
exercise
unconstitutional
delegation
congress
legislative
power
whether
restriction
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discriminated
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ancestry
ancestries
violation
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amendment
indictment
two
counts
second
charges
appellant
person
japanese
ancestr
specified
date
contrary
restriction
promulgated
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commander
western
defense
command
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army
failed
remain
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military
area
hours
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count
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commander
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report
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control
station
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indictment
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citizen
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act
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unconstitutional
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congressional
power
trial
jury
appeared
appellant
born
seattle
japanese
parents
come
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afterward
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educated
washington
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jury
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verdict
guilty
counts
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imprisonment
term
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months
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run
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circuit
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upon
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president
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make
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one
day
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pearl
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japanese
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force
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war
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stat
preceding
section
note
february
president
promulgated
executive
order
federal
register
order
recited
successful
prosecution
war
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possible
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sabotage
material
premises
utilities
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section
act
april
stat
amended
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november
stat
act
august
stat
virtue
authority
vested
president
commander
chief
army
navy
president
purported
direct
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war
military
commanders
may
time
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commander
deems
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february
secretary
war
designated
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dewitt
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commander
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march
general
dewitt
promulgated
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register
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recited
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coast
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therewith
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dewitt
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march
alien
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noon
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march
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bill
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march
request
secretary
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chairman
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speaker
house
stated
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opinion
concerning
footnotes
state
distribution
war
supply
facility
december
issued
office
production
management
bureau
research
statistics
january
february
issued
war
production
board
statistics
division
april
see
upon
pearl
harbor
japanese
armed
forces
report
commission
appointed
president
dated
january
pp
sixteenth
census
population
second
series
characteristics
population
commerce
california
pp
oregon
pp
washington
pp
see
also
pp
federal
legislation
denied
japanese
citizenship
naturalization
see
ozawa
immigration
act
excluded
admission
stat
state
legislation
denied
alien
japanese
privilege
owning
land
california
general
laws
deering
act
oregon
comp
laws
ann
washington
remington
also
sought
prohibit
intermarriage
persons
japanese
race
caucasians
montana
persons
japanese
descent
often
unable
secure
professional
skilled
employment
except
association
others
descent
sufficient
employment
opportunities
character
available
mears
resident
orientals
american
pacific
coast
pp
pp
hearings
select
committee
investigating
national
defense
migration
house
representatives
pp
nationality
law
japan
article
article
regulations
ordinance
november
printed
flournoy
hudson
nationality
laws
pp
see
also
foreign
relations
vol
pp
statistics
released
consul
general
japan
san
francisco
asserted
approximately
born
persons
japanese
parentage
western
part
held
japanese
citizenship
mears
resident
orientals
american
pacific
coast
pp
census
conducted
auspices
japanese
government
asserted
approximately
persons
japanese
parentage
california
held
dual
citizenship
strong
japanese
problem
judge
fee
stated
yasui
companion
case
present
one
areas
zones
outlined
proclamations
became
theatre
operations
subjected
localities
attack
threatened
period
full
scale
invasion
danger
time
prosecution
instituted
imminent
immediate
difficulty
controlling
members
alien
race
many
although
citizens
disloyal
opportunities
sabotage
espionage
invasion
imminent
presented
problem
requiring
solution
ability
devotion
highest
order
see
powell
application
greenberg
baird
micheli
paullin
embrey
rogers
ex
parte
stewart
smith
ex
parte
robert
grieme
fletcher
drumheller
berks
county
local
board
cases
arising
selective
draft
act
appendix
et
seq
see
kinkead
ex
parte
mcdonald
ex
parte
cohen
arbitman
woodside
ex
parte
thierit
see
schenck
debs
bethlehem
steel
northern
pac
ry
north
dakota
dakota
cent
tel
south
dakota
highland
russell
car
plow
selective
draft
law
cases
arver
instance
persons
accused
race
systematically
excluded
jury
federal
conviction
undoubtedly
considered
violation
requirement
due
process
law
even
though
ground
commonly
stated
setting
aside
convictions
obtained
state
courts
denial
equal
protection
laws
cf
glasser
smith
texas