aptheker
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argued
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appellants
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residents
ranking
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party
hearings
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department
regulations
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passports
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communist
organization
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final
order
register
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appellants
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john
abt
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forer
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chayes
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appellee
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solicitor
general
cox
assistant
attorney
general
yeagley
bruce
terris
kevin
maroney
lee
anderson
thomas
ehrlich
osmond
fraenkel
filed
brief
american
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liberties
union
amicus
curiae
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security
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ssuming
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rare
manuscripts
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library
oxford
university
applicant
guilty
crime
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canada
latin
america
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reach
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ex
rel
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peyton
ford
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department
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control
act
makes
felony
member
communist
organization
apply
use
attempt
use
passport
travel
abroad
concur
holding
section
act
unconstitutional
ground
due
process
clause
fifth
amendment
standing
alone
confers
people
constitutional
liberty
travel
abroad
without
reference
constitutional
provisions
congress
judgment
broad
powers
regulate
issuance
passports
specific
power
regulate
commerce
foreign
nations
due
process
clauses
fifth
fourteenth
amendments
mean
however
neither
secretary
state
government
agent
deny
people
country
liberty
travel
liberty
anything
else
except
accordance
law
land
declared
constitution
valid
laws
made
pursuant
reasons
stated
dissenting
opinion
communist
party
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activities
control
board
think
whole
act
including
valid
law
sets
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statutory
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federal
constitution
constitutes
bill
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constitution
forbids
congress
pass
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punishes
appellants
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legislative
administrative
subversives
effect
traitors
country
without
giving
benefit
trial
according
due
process
requires
trial
jury
independent
judge
indictment
accordance
procedural
protections
fourth
fifth
sixth
amendments
denies
appellants
freedom
speech
press
association
first
amendment
guarantees
subversive
activities
control
act
supposed
designed
protect
nation
internal
security
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offers
another
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occasion
point
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thought
agree
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promote
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security
people
protect
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amendment
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speech
press
religion
assembly
take
away
liberty
groups
whose
views
people
detest
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jeopardizing
liberty
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whose
views
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popular
today
may
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tomorrow
justice
douglas
concurring
join
opinion
add
words
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think
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suppose
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citizenship
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conduct
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movement
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course
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countries
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riding
boxcars
carries
extreme
penalties
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lands
ticketing
people
use
identification
papers
routine
matters
totalitarian
regimes
yet
abhorrent
freedom
movement
home
abroad
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job
business
opportunities
cultural
political
social
activities
commingling
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man
enjoys
right
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movement
use
times
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purposes
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naacp
alabama
illegal
conduct
within
purview
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issuing
warrant
arrest
standards
fourth
amendment
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movement
essence
free
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setting
us
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like
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way
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clark
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harlan
joins
justice
white
joins
part
dissenting
refuses
consider
constitutionality
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activities
control
act
applied
appellants
case
elizabeth
gurley
flynn
chairman
communist
party
herbert
aptheker
editor
party
theoretical
organ
political
affairs
instead
declares
section
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face
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amendment
contrary
practice
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power
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cranch
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courts
jurisdiction
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state
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new
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yazoo
mississippi
valley
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collins
texas
new
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ex
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reardon
cf
voeller
neilston
warehouse
carmichael
southern
coal
coke
virginian
system
federation
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roberts
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emmerson
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mfg
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registration
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party
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section
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finds
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congress
makes
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applicable
whether
member
party
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organization
whether
one
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organization
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aims
world
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movement
establish
communist
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dictatorship
countries
throughout
world
let
us
discuss
objections
seriatim
finding
attack
flynn
active
participating
continuous
member
communist
party
active
party
affairs
organization
indeed
still
one
principal
officials
likewise
finding
attack
aptheker
aptheker
makes
quite
clear
words
member
communist
party
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proud
association
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aims
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party
record
shows
flynn
aptheker
witnesses
behalf
party
registration
proceeding
resulted
party
ordered
register
organization
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party
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activities
control
board
addition
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convicted
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act
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view
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truth
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knowledge
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party
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congress
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specific
findings
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control
act
statute
hearing
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petitioners
testified
party
communist
control
act
communist
party
fact
instrumentality
conspiracy
overthrow
government
stat
policies
programs
communist
party
secretly
prescribed
foreign
leaders
world
communist
movement
ibid
control
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dictatorship
foreign
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purpose
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totalitarian
dictatorship
countries
throughout
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organizations
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countries
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governments
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means
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congress
like
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attack
binding
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party
control
board
supra
said
courts
validity
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findings
reject
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product
extensive
investigation
committees
congress
decade
half
cf
nebbia
new
york
certainly
dismiss
unfounded
irrational
imaginings
see
galvan
press
american
communications
assn
douds
escape
says
section
sweeps
within
prohibition
knowing
unknowing
members
unknowing
members
us
neither
appellant
contests
findings
irrational
imaginings
member
party
might
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visit
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ireland
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rare
manuscripts
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library
oxford
university
party
claim
asserted
soon
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test
situation
comes
ii
believe
section
invalid
face
right
travel
abroad
part
liberty
protected
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amendment
due
process
clause
prohibit
reasonable
regulation
life
liberty
property
restriction
reasonably
related
national
security
said
barenblatt
congress
wide
power
legislate
field
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activity
country
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aid
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power
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value
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congress
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purpose
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member
party
endanger
national
security
traveling
abroad
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party
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worthy
trust
since
party
secret
conspiratorial
organization
subject
rigid
discipline
moscow
congress
merely
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wise
take
risk
foreign
travel
communists
entailed
fact
persons
class
may
engage
harmful
conduct
make
classification
invalid
westfall
north
american
securities
exchange
american
communications
assn
douds
schneiderman
indicated
congress
might
exclude
communists
entering
country
hawker
new
york
upheld
state
statute
preventing
felons
practicing
medicine
similarly
aliens
may
barred
operating
pool
halls
clarke
deckebach
onerous
burdens
found
placed
union
officers
whose
organization
enjoying
privileges
national
labor
relations
act
barred
offices
livelihood
regard
communist
party
members
american
communications
assn
douds
supra
likewise
approved
action
congress
authorizing
deportation
aliens
members
party
harisiades
shaughnessy
galvan
press
also
upheld
vesting
power
attorney
general
hold
communist
party
members
without
bail
pending
determination
deportability
carlson
landon
realm
state
power
maryland
permitted
require
candidates
take
oath
engaged
attempt
overthrow
government
force
violence
gerende
board
supervisors
los
angeles
allowed
require
employees
take
oath
penalty
discharge
garner
board
public
works
new
york
exercised
similar
powers
public
school
employees
approval
adler
board
education
permitted
discharge
teachers
security
agency
employees
refused
answer
questions
concerning
communist
affiliations
beilan
board
public
education
lerner
casey
california
illinois
permitted
deny
admission
practice
law
applicants
refused
answer
questions
communist
affiliations
konigsberg
state
bar
anastaplo
subscribe
loose
generalization
individual
guilt
may
conclusively
presumed
membership
party
one
consider
matter
isolation
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relate
subject
matter
involved
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findings
upon
action
based
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scales
found
intention
congress
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act
reach
active
members
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knowledge
intent
criminal
prosecution
smith
act
course
carried
stricter
standards
addition
requirement
laid
scales
held
constitutional
mandate
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interpreting
criminal
statute
directly
prohibits
membership
organizations
come
within
terms
act
prohibit
membership
merely
restricts
members
field
congress
found
danger
security
wieman
updegraff
cited
majority
apposite
case
dealt
oath
based
membership
organizations
attorney
general
list
subversive
groups
act
condemned
employee
member
listed
organization
regardless
whether
actually
knew
organization
listed
furthermore
statute
proscribed
past
membership
listed
organizations
proof
actual
membership
necessary
notice
registration
entry
final
order
directing
registration
act
required
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party
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act
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terminating
membership
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wieman
appellants
also
depend
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board
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upheld
statute
rebuttable
presumption
members
party
supported
communist
objectives
hold
opportunity
rebut
constitutionally
required
circumstances
case
even
adler
control
evidence
congress
danger
national
security
strength
warranted
denial
passports
much
less
onerous
disability
loss
employment
reasons
affirm
justice
white
joins
section
dissent
reasons
stated
therein
affirm
judgment
proceeding
led
order
subversive
activities
control
board
directing
communist
party
register
board
heard
evidence
present
leaders
communist
party
traveled
soviet
union
party
business
indoctrinated
trained
communist
strategy
policies
acted
couriers
communist
parties
two
countries