bank germain argued january decided march suit respondent germain trustee bankrupt debtor estate seeking hold petitioner connecticut national bank cnb liable various torts breaches contract bankruptcy denied cnb motion strike germain demand jury trial district affirmed appeals dismissed cnb attempted appeal lack jurisdiction holding appeals may exercise jurisdiction interlocutory order bankruptcy district issues order withdrawn case bankruptcy district acts capacity bankruptcy appeals held interlocutory order issued district sitting appeals bankruptcy appealable unambiguous language section provides review courts appeals certain circumstances nterlocutory orders district courts limit review orders issued district courts sitting bankruptcy trial courts rather appellate courts title gives courts appeals jurisdiction inter alia appeals final orders district courts sitting appellate courts bankruptcy silent review interlocutory orders limit unadorned words negative implication contrary germain contention giving effect companion provision confers jurisdiction appeals final decisions district courts acting capacity render wholly superfluous although overlap also confers jurisdiction final decisions bankruptcy appellate panels section reaches cases redundancies across statutes unusual events drafting positive repugnancy two laws must give effect pp reversed remanded thomas delivered opinion rehnquist scalia kennedy souter joined stevens filed opinion concurring judgment filed opinion concurring judgment white blackmun joined janet hall argued cause petitioner briefs eric brunstad linda morkan thomas germain argued cause filed brief respondent justice thomas delivered opinion case determine appealability interlocutory order issued district sitting appeals bankruptcy fuel oil filed bankruptcy petition bankruptcy district connecticut although case began reorganization chapter bankruptcy code bankruptcy converted liquidation chapter petitioner connecticut national bank cnb successor interest one creditors respondent thomas germain trustee estate june germain sued cnb connecticut state seeking hold bank liable various torts breaches contract cnb removed suit district district connecticut pursuant local rule automatically referred proceeding bankruptcy overseeing liquidation germain filed demand jury trial cnb moved strike germain demand bankruptcy denied cnb motion fuel oil district affirmed germain connecticut nat bank cnb tried appeal appeals second circuit dismissed lack jurisdiction second circuit held appeals may exercise jurisdiction interlocutory orders bankruptcy district issues order withdrawn proceeding case bankruptcy district acts capacity bankruptcy appeals granted certiorari reverse remand ii courts appeals jurisdiction nterlocutory orders district courts cnb contends applies terms case second circuit therefore exercised discretionary jurisdiction appeal germain argues apply case congress limited deals bankruptcy jurisdiction cnb responds nothing limits agree cnb bankruptcy appeals governed part section comprises four subsections three concern us subsection gives district courts authority hear appeals final interlocutory orders bankruptcy courts district noted jurisdiction provision hear cnb appeal bankruptcy subsection permits judicial council circuit establish bankruptcy appellate panel fill role district courts subsection subsection pivotal case provides courts appeals shall jurisdiction appeals final decisions judgments orders decrees entered subsections sec tion germain contends appeals jurisdiction either view precludes jurisdiction negative implication germain reasons follows although appear cover universe decisions issued district courts conferring jurisdiction appeals final decisions district courts conferring jurisdiction certain interlocutory ones fact cover final decisions district argues section render superfluous since final decision issued district sitting bankruptcy appellate still final decision district effect germain contends section must exclusive within domain defines universe orders issued district courts sitting pursuant courts appeals bankruptcy district enters order capacity germain concludes confer jurisdiction nothing else germain claims find support view reading legislative history contrary germain contention need choose giving effect one hand statutes pose proposition section confers jurisdiction appeals final decisions district courts acting capacity section contrast confers jurisdiction appeals final decisions district courts act bankruptcy appellate courts also confers jurisdiction final decisions appellate panels bankruptcy acting sections overlap therefore section confers jurisdiction cases section reach redundancies across statutes unusual events drafting long positive repugnancy two laws wood pet must give effect giving effect render one wholly superfluous read precluding courts appeals negative implication exercising jurisdiction district courts sitting bankruptcy similarly read precluding jurisdiction courts disfavor interpretations statutes render language superfluous case canon apply event canons construction rules thumb help courts determine meaning legislation interpreting statute always turn first one cardinal canon others stated time courts must presume legislature says statute means means statute says see ron pair enterprises goldenberg oneale thornton cranch words statute unambiguous first canon also last judicial inquiry complete rubin see also ron pair enterprises supra germain says legislative history points different result think judicial inquiry applicability begins ends say section provides review courts appeals certain circumstances nterlocutory orders district courts section silent review interlocutory orders nowhere limit review orders issued district courts sitting trial courts bankruptcy rather appellate courts nowhere else whether statute congress indicated unadorned words way limited implication dangerous extreme infer case words instrument expressly provide shall exempted operation sturges crowninshield wheat see also regents univ cal public employment relations reason infer either congress meant limit appellate review interlocutory orders bankruptcy proceedings long party proceeding case bankruptcy meets conditions imposed appeals may rely statute basis jurisdiction judgment appeals second circuit reversed case remanded proceedings consistent opinion ordered section provides relevant part courts appeals shall jurisdiction appeals interlocutory orders district courts judges thereof granting continuing modifying refusing dissolving injunctions refusing dissolve modify injunctions except direct review may interlocutory orders appointing receivers refusing orders wind receiverships take steps accomplish purposes thereof interlocutory decrees district courts judges thereof determining rights liabilities parties admiralty cases appeals final decrees allowed district judge making civil action order otherwise appealable section shall opinion order involves controlling question law substantial ground difference opinion immediate appeal order may materially advance ultimate termination litigation shall state writing order appeals jurisdiction appeal action may thereupon discretion permit appeal taken order application made within ten days entry order whenever uncertainty meaning statute prudent examine legislative history case examination appropriate petitioner interpretation creates unusual overlap rejecting petitioner position appeals concluded enacting current system bankruptcy appeals congress limited scope excluding review courts appeals certain interlocutory bankruptcy orders congress intended significant change scheme appellate jurisdiction indication purpose almost certainly found way legislative history legislative record however contains mention intent limit scope silence tends support conclusion change intended accordingly notwithstanding inferences drawn appeals legislative history consistent petitioner interpretation statute also actually supports reason agree textual analysis concur judgment footnotes see american hospital assn nlrb edmonds compagnie generale transatlantique see also harrison ppg industries rehnquist dissenting case construction legislative language makes sweeping relatively unorthodox change made think judges well detectives may take consideration fact watchdog bark night similarly justice frankfurter scholarly observation concerning interpretation statutory text also applies analysis legislative history one must listen attentively say frankfurter reflections reading statutes justice justice white justice blackmun join concurring judgment agree congress enacted part bankruptcy amendments federal judgeship act congress probably intend deprive courts appeals longstanding jurisdiction interlocutory appeals bankruptcy cases think admit construction statutes render largely superfluous strive interpret statutes avoid redundancy cf ante case think far likely congress inadvertently created redundancy congress intended withdraw appellate jurisdiction interlocutory bankruptcy appeals roundabout method reconferring jurisdiction appeals final bankruptcy orders reverse judgment reason