johnson
argued
december
decided
december
johnson
james
skelly
wright
petitioner
robert
erdahl
washington
respondent
justice
jackson
delivered
opinion
petitioner
convicted
four
counts
charging
violation
federal
narcotic
laws
question
brings
case
whether
lawful
without
warrant
kind
arrest
petitioner
search
living
quarters
taking
government
version
disputed
events
decision
rest
facts
detective
lieutenant
belland
officer
seattle
police
force
narcotic
detail
received
information
confidential
informer
also
known
narcotic
user
unknown
persons
smoking
opium
europe
hotel
informer
taken
back
hotel
interview
manager
returned
saying
smell
burning
opium
hallway
belland
communicated
federal
narcotic
agents
went
back
hotel
four
agents
experienced
narcotic
work
recognized
strong
odor
burning
opium
distinctive
unmistakable
odor
led
room
officers
know
occupying
room
knocked
voice
inside
asked
belland
reply
slight
delay
noise
room
defendant
opened
door
officer
said
want
talk
little
bit
describes
back
acquiescently
admitted
us
said
want
talk
opium
smell
room
denied
smell
said
want
consider
arrest
going
search
room
search
turned
incriminating
opium
smoking
apparatus
latter
warm
apparently
recent
use
evidence
district
refused
suppress
trial
admitted
defendant
objection
trial
conviction
resulted
circuit
appeals
affirmed
defendant
challenged
search
home
violation
rights
secured
common
others
fourth
amendment
constitution
government
defends
search
legally
justifiable
particularly
incident
urges
lawful
arrest
person
fourth
amendment
constitution
provides
right
people
secure
persons
houses
papers
effects
unreasonable
searches
seizures
shall
violated
warrants
shall
issue
upon
probable
cause
supported
oath
affirmation
particularly
describing
place
searched
persons
things
seized
entry
defendant
living
quarters
beginning
search
demanded
color
office
granted
submission
authority
rather
understanding
intentional
waiver
constitutional
right
cf
amos
time
entry
demanded
officers
possessed
evidence
magistrate
might
found
probable
cause
issuing
search
warrant
sustain
defendant
contention
erroneously
made
strength
taylor
odors
evidence
sufficient
constitute
probable
grounds
search
decision
held
odors
alone
authorize
search
without
warrant
presence
odors
testified
magistrate
finds
affiant
qualified
know
odor
one
sufficiently
distinctive
identify
forbidden
substance
never
held
basis
insufficient
justify
issuance
search
warrant
indeed
might
well
found
evidence
persuasive
character
point
fourth
amendment
often
grasped
zealous
officers
denies
law
forcement
support
usual
inferences
reasonable
men
draw
evidence
protection
consists
requiring
inferences
drawn
neutral
detached
magistrate
instead
judged
officer
engaged
often
competitive
enterprise
ferreting
crime
assumption
evidence
sufficient
support
magistrate
disinterested
determination
issue
search
warrant
justify
officers
making
search
without
warrant
reduce
amendment
nullity
leave
people
homes
secure
discretion
police
officers
crime
even
privacy
one
quarters
course
grave
concern
society
law
allows
crime
reached
proper
showing
right
officers
thrust
home
also
grave
concern
individual
society
chooses
dwell
reasonable
security
freedom
surveillance
right
privacy
must
reasonably
yield
right
search
rule
decided
judicial
officer
policeman
government
enforcement
agent
exceptional
circumstances
balancing
need
effective
law
enforcement
right
privacy
may
contended
magistrate
warrant
search
may
dispensed
case
reason
offered
obtaining
search
warrant
except
inconvenience
officers
slight
delay
necessary
prepare
papers
present
evidence
magistrate
never
convincing
reasons
circumstances
certainly
enough
bypass
constitutional
requirement
suspect
fleeing
likely
take
flight
search
permanent
premises
movable
vehicle
evidence
contraband
threatened
removal
destruction
except
perhaps
fumes
suppose
time
disappear
capable
time
reduced
possession
presentation
evidence
existence
search
adequate
testimony
officers
effect
perish
delay
getting
warrant
officers
case
excused
constitutional
duty
presenting
evidence
magistrate
difficult
think
case
required
ii
government
contends
however
search
without
warrant
must
held
valid
incident
arrest
alleged
ground
vai
dity
requires
examination
facts
determine
whether
arrest
lawful
since
without
warrant
valid
crime
committed
presence
arresting
officer
felony
reasonable
cause
believe
defendant
guilty
government
effect
concedes
arresting
officer
probable
cause
arrest
petitioner
entered
room
found
sole
occupant
points
specifically
referring
time
entry
time
agents
know
whether
one
several
persons
room
reasonable
believe
room
might
opium
smoking
den
says
agents
admitted
room
found
petitioner
present
reasonable
basis
believing
smoking
opium
thus
illicitly
possessed
narcotic
thus
government
quite
properly
stakes
right
arrest
informer
tip
smell
officers
recognized
entry
knowledge
alone
room
gained
wholly
reason
entry
home
therefore
observations
inside
quarters
obtained
admission
color
police
authority
made
arrest
thus
government
obliged
justify
arrest
search
time
justify
search
arrest
officer
gaining
access
private
living
quarters
color
office
law
personifies
must
valid
basis
law
intrusion
rule
undermine
right
people
secure
persons
houses
papers
effects
obliterate
one
fundamental
distinctions
form
government
officers
law
law
reversed
chief
justice
justice
black
justice
reed
justice
burton
dissent
footnotes
two
counts
charged
violation
internal
revenue
code
two
counts
charged
violation
narcotic
drugs
import
export
act
amended
lefkowitz
said
informed
deliberate
determinations
magistrates
empowered
issue
warrants
searches
seizures
permissible
constitution
preferred
hurried
action
officers
others
may
happen
make
arrests
security
unlawful
searches
likely
attained
resort
search
warrants
reliance
upon
caution
sagacity
petty
officers
acting
excitement
attends
capture
persons
accused
crime
however
well
founded
article
sought
concealed
dwelling
house
furnishes
justification
search
place
without
warrant
searches
held
unlawful
notwithstanding
facts
unquestionably
showing
probable
cause
agnello
washington
law
state
symes
state
lindsey
state
krantz
state
robbins
state
law
determines
validity
arrests
without
warrant
di
government
brief
question
presented
probable
cause
arrest
petitioner
possessing
opium
prepared
smoking
search
room
hotel
incident
thereto
contraband
opium
experienced
narcotic
agents
unmistakably
detected
traced
pungent
identifiable
odor
burning
opium
emanating
room
knew
arrested
person
room
government
also
suggests
sense
arrest
made
pursuit
however
find
element
pursuit
arrest
one
flight
completely
surrounded
agents
knew
presence
claims
without
denial
bed
time
made
attempt
escape
facts
seem
meet
requirements
uniform
law
fresh
pursuit
session
laws
ch
gouled
said
possible
add
emphasis
framers
constitution
boyd
weeks
silverthorne
lumber
declared
importance
political
liberty
welfare
country
due
observance
rights
guaranteed
constitution
two
fourth
fifth
amendments
effect
decisions
cited
rights
declared
indispensable
enjoyment
personal
security
personal
liberty
private
property
regarded
essence
constitutional
liberty
guaranty
important
imperative
guaranties
fundamental
rights
individual
citizenäthe
right
trial
jury
writ
habeas
corpus
due
process
law
repeatedly
decided
amendments
receive
liberal
construction
prevent
stealthy
encroachment
upon
depreciation
rights
secured
imperceptible
practice
courts
mistakenly
overzealous
executive
officers