hensley
eckerhart
argued
november
decided
may
respondents
behalf
persons
involuntarily
confined
forensic
unit
missouri
state
hospital
brought
suit
federal
district
petitioner
hospital
officials
challenging
constitutionality
treatment
conditions
hospital
district
trial
found
constitutional
violations
five
six
general
areas
treatment
subsequently
respondents
filed
request
attorney
fees
civil
rights
attorney
fees
awards
act
provides
federal
civil
rights
actions
discretion
may
allow
prevailing
party
reasonable
attorney
fee
part
costs
determining
respondents
prevailing
parties
even
though
succeeded
every
claim
district
refused
eliminate
attorney
fees
award
hours
spent
respondents
attorneys
unsuccessful
claims
finding
significant
extent
relief
clearly
justified
award
reasonable
attorney
fee
appeals
affirmed
held
district
properly
consider
relationship
extent
success
amount
attorney
fee
award
extent
plaintiff
success
crucial
factor
determining
proper
amount
attorney
fee
award
plaintiff
failed
prevail
claim
unrelated
successful
claims
hours
spent
unsuccessful
claim
excluded
considering
amount
reasonable
fee
lawsuit
consists
related
claims
plaintiff
substantial
relief
attorney
fee
reduced
simply
district
adopt
contention
raised
plaintiff
achieved
limited
success
award
amount
fees
reasonable
relation
results
obtained
pp
vacated
remanded
powell
delivered
opinion
burger
white
rehnquist
joined
burger
filed
concurring
opinion
post
brennan
filed
opinion
concurring
part
dissenting
part
marshall
blackmun
stevens
joined
post
michael
boicourt
assistant
attorney
general
missouri
argued
cause
petitioners
brief
john
ashcroft
attorney
general
stanley
eichner
argued
cause
filed
brief
respondents
robert
williams
douglas
mcdowell
lorence
kessler
filed
brief
equal
employment
advisory
council
amicus
curiae
urging
reversal
jack
greenberg
james
nabrit
iii
charles
stephen
ralston
steven
winter
norman
chachkin
richard
larson
filed
brief
naacp
legal
defense
educational
fund
et
al
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
briefs
amici
curiae
filed
state
pennsylvania
et
al
leroy
zimmerman
attorney
general
pennsylvania
andrew
gordon
allen
warshaw
deputy
attorneys
general
charles
graddick
attorney
general
alabama
wilson
condon
attorney
general
alaska
robert
corbin
attorney
general
arizona
anthony
ching
solicitor
general
john
steven
clark
attorney
general
arkansas
george
deukmejian
attorney
general
california
macfarlane
attorney
general
colorado
richard
gebelein
attorney
general
delaware
jim
smith
attorney
general
florida
michael
bowers
attorney
general
georgia
tany
hong
attorney
general
hawaii
david
leroy
attorney
general
idaho
tyrone
fahner
attorney
general
illinois
linley
pearson
attorney
general
indiana
thomas
miller
attorney
general
iowa
robert
stephan
attorney
general
kansas
steven
beshear
attorney
general
kentucky
james
tierney
attorney
general
maine
stephen
sachs
attorney
general
maryland
francis
bellotti
attorney
general
massachusetts
frank
kelley
attorney
general
michigan
warren
spannaus
attorney
general
minnesota
william
allain
attorney
general
mississippi
paul
douglas
attorney
general
nebraska
richard
bryan
attorney
general
nevada
gregory
smith
attorney
general
new
hampshire
irwin
kimmelman
attorney
general
new
jersey
jeff
bingaman
attorney
general
new
mexico
rufus
edmisten
attorney
general
north
carolina
robert
wefald
attorney
general
north
dakota
william
brown
attorney
general
ohio
jan
eric
cartwright
attorney
general
oklahoma
hector
reichard
attorney
general
puerto
rico
daniel
mcleod
attorney
general
south
carolina
mark
meierhenry
attorney
general
south
dakota
william
leech
attorney
general
tennessee
mark
white
attorney
general
texas
david
wilkinson
attorney
general
utah
john
easton
attorney
general
vermont
gerald
baliles
attorney
general
virginia
kenneth
eikenberry
attorney
general
washington
chauncey
browning
attorney
general
west
virginia
bronson
la
follette
attorney
general
wisconsin
steven
freudenthal
attorney
general
wyoming
american
bar
association
david
brink
taracido
justice
powell
delivered
opinion
title
provides
federal
civil
rights
actions
discretion
may
allow
prevailing
party
reasonable
attorney
fee
part
costs
issue
case
whether
partially
prevailing
plaintiff
may
recover
attorney
fee
legal
services
unsuccessful
claims
respondents
brought
lawsuit
behalf
persons
involuntarily
confined
forensic
unit
fulton
state
hospital
fulton
mo
forensic
unit
consists
two
residential
buildings
housing
patients
dangerous
others
patients
housed
marion
biggs
building
criminally
insane
rest
patients
reside
less
restrictive
rehabilitation
unit
respondents
filed
complaint
district
western
district
missouri
petitioners
officials
forensic
unit
members
missouri
mental
health
commission
count
challenged
constitutionality
treatment
conditions
forensic
unit
count
ii
challenged
placement
patients
biggs
building
without
procedural
due
process
count
iii
sought
compensation
patients
performed
labor
count
ii
resolved
consent
decree
december
count
iii
largely
mooted
august
petitioners
began
compensation
patients
labor
pursuant
fair
labor
standards
act
et
seq
april
respondents
voluntarily
dismissed
lawsuit
filed
new
complaint
count
related
constitutionality
treatment
conditions
forensic
unit
count
ii
sought
damages
based
thirteenth
amendment
value
past
patient
labor
july
respondents
voluntarily
dismissed
backpay
count
finally
august
respondents
filed
amended
complaint
specifying
conditions
allegedly
violated
constitutional
right
treatment
august
following
trial
district
held
involuntarily
committed
patient
constitutional
right
minimally
adequate
treatment
supp
found
constitutional
violations
five
six
general
areas
physical
environment
individual
treatment
plans
least
restrictive
environment
visitation
telephone
mail
privileges
seclusion
restraint
respect
staffing
sixth
general
area
district
found
forensic
unit
staffing
levels
increased
litigation
minimally
adequate
petitioners
appeal
district
decision
merits
february
respondents
filed
request
attorney
fees
period
january
end
litigation
four
attorneys
claimed
hours
worked
sought
payment
rates
varying
per
hour
amounted
approximately
respondents
also
requested
fee
enhanced
percent
total
award
somewhere
petitioners
opposed
request
numerous
grounds
including
inclusion
hours
spent
pursuit
unsuccessful
claims
district
first
determined
respondents
prevailing
parties
even
though
succeeded
every
claim
refused
eliminate
award
hours
spent
unsuccessful
claims
petitioners
suggested
method
calculating
fees
based
strictly
mathematical
approach
comparing
total
number
issues
case
actually
prevailed
upon
method
consideration
given
relative
importance
various
issues
interrelation
issues
difficulty
identifying
issues
extent
party
may
prevail
various
issues
wd
record
appeals
eighth
circuit
affirmed
basis
district
memorandum
opinion
order
granted
certiorari
vacate
remand
proceedings
ii
alyeska
pipeline
service
wilderness
society
reaffirmed
american
rule
party
lawsuit
ordinarily
shall
bear
attorney
fees
unless
express
statutory
authorization
contrary
response
congress
enacted
civil
rights
attorney
fees
awards
act
authorizing
district
courts
award
reasonable
attorney
fee
prevailing
parties
civil
rights
litigation
purpose
ensure
effective
access
judicial
process
persons
civil
rights
grievances
accordingly
prevailing
plaintiff
ordinarily
recover
attorney
fee
unless
special
circumstances
render
award
unjust
quoting
newman
piggie
park
enterprises
amount
fee
course
must
determined
facts
case
issue
house
report
simply
refers
factors
set
forth
johnson
georgia
highway
express
senate
report
cites
johnson
well
also
refers
three
district
decisions
correctly
applied
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johnson
amount
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results
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indicates
level
plaintiff
success
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amount
fees
awarded
importance
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confirmed
varying
degrees
cases
cited
approvingly
senate
report
stanford
daily
zurcher
nd
cal
aff
rev
grounds
plaintiffs
obtained
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judgment
moved
preliminary
injunction
defendants
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district
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fees
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motion
plaintiff
substantially
advanced
clients
interests
obtaining
significant
concession
defendants
result
motion
davis
county
los
angeles
cd
cal
plaintiffs
important
judgment
requiring
los
angeles
county
fire
department
undertake
program
hiring
minorities
awarding
attorney
fees
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stated
also
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plaintiff
counsel
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ultimately
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defendants
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officers
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angeles
congressional
intent
limit
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involving
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county
los
angeles
supra
litigants
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faith
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raise
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desired
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principle
particularly
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complex
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rights
litigation
involving
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hours
lawyers
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plaintiff
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plaintiff
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fees
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case
remanded
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footnotes
prevailing
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vexatious
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brought
harass
embarrass
defendant
see
christiansburg
garment
eeoc
district
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discretion
award
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fees
prevailing
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title
vii
case
upon
finding
plaintiff
action
frivolous
unreasonable
without
foundation
even
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brought
subjective
bad
faith
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time
labor
required
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amount
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reputation
ability
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undesirability
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nature
length
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relationship
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awards
similar
cases
factors
derive
directly
american
bar
association
code
professional
responsibility
disciplinary
rule
intended
amount
fees
awarded
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types
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complex
federal
litigation
antitrust
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reduced
rights
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nonpecuniary
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appropriate
standards
see
johnson
georgia
highway
express
cir
correctly
applied
cases
stanford
daily
zurcher
nd
cal
davis
county
los
angeles
cd
cal
swann
board
education
wdnc
cases
resulted
fees
adequate
attract
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titles
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vii
civil
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policies
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terms
attorney
fee
appeals
take
lawyers
judges
time
profitably
devoted
cases
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rights
claims
meant
facilitate
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issues
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case
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stream
opinions
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another
harmonize
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ultimately
straightforward
command
replaced
vast
body
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doctrine
arcane
procedures
like
frankenstein
monster
meanders
way
legal
landscape
leaving
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confusion
mention
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splits
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cases
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defendants
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lawyers
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counsel
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litigation
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prospect
improved
results
pressure
plaintiffs
attorneys
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claims
simply
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case
provides
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petitioners
little
prospect
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owe
two
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attorneys
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prevailing
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attorney
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lawyers
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plaintiffs
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cases
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rights
plaintiffs
prospects
success
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attorneys
anomalous
result
judicial
construction
statute
enacted
attract
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counsel
cases
involving
civil
constitutional
rights
house
report
cf
copeland
marshall
app
fee
awards
intended
provide
incentive
competent
lawyers
undertake
title
vii
work
differences
basic
framework
attorney
fees
law
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today
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share
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affirm
judgment
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cases
cited
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also
bill
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ante
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wilderness
society
certain
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new
york
gaslight
club
carey
newman
piggie
park
enterprises
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curiam
time
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christiansburg
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provision
sections
title
title
ix
public
law
title
vi
civil
rights
act
discretion
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allow
prevailing
party
reasonable
attorney
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civil
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senate
report
alyeska
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rights
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civil
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remedies
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cf
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electric
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house
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purposes
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defendants
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new
york
gaslight
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carey
copeland
marshall
app
rodriguez
taylor
congress
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cf
note
promoting
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rights
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rev
congress
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basin
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rate
cases