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house
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america
congress
assembled
every
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carrier
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commerce
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columbia
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carrier
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carrier
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carrier
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years
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used
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receivers
persons
corporations
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carriers
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house
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act
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adding
following
section
section
nine
said
act
right
action
given
act
person
suffering
injury
shall
survive
personal
representative
benefit
surviving
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husband
children
employee
none
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parents
none
next
kin
dependent
upon
employee
cases
shall
one
recovery
injury
approved
april
donald
perkins
mondou
charles
bunn
northern
samuel
anderson
babcock
administratrix
john
hall
edward
robbins
joseph
berry
new
york
co
late
solicitor
general
bowers
attorney
general
wickersham
special
assistant
attorney
general
mcreynolds
amicus
curioe
endicott
saltonstall
george
burrage
walsh
administratrix
justice
van
devanter
stating
cases
delivered
opinion
principal
questions
presented
cases
discussed
bar
briefs
may
congress
exertion
power
interstate
commerce
regulate
relations
common
carriers
railroad
employees
engaged
commerce
congress
exceeded
power
regard
prescribing
regulations
embodied
act
question
regulations
supersede
laws
far
latter
cover
field
may
rights
arising
regulations
enforced
right
courts
jurisdiction
fixed
local
laws
adequate
occasion
clauses
constitution
art
clauses
confer
upon
congress
power
regulate
commerce
among
several
make
laws
shall
necessary
proper
purpose
considered
often
varied
connections
propositions
bearing
upon
extent
nature
power
come
firmly
settled
longer
open
dispute
among
term
comprehends
mere
exchange
goods
embraces
commercial
intercourse
branches
including
transportation
passengers
property
common
carriers
whether
carried
water
land
phrase
several
marks
distinction
purpose
governmental
regulation
commerce
concerns
two
commerce
confined
single
state
affect
power
regulate
former
conferred
upon
congress
regulation
latter
remaining
leverally
regulate
sense
intended
foster
protect
control
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appropriate
regard
welfare
immediately
concerned
public
large
power
commerce
among
conferred
upon
congress
complete
extends
incidentally
every
instrument
agent
commerce
carried
may
exerted
utmost
extent
every
part
commerce
subject
limitations
save
prescribed
constitution
course
extend
matter
thing
real
substantial
relation
part
commerce
among
instruments
agents
power
extends
railroads
transportation
one
state
another
conducted
engines
cars
transportation
effected
wise
engaged
transportation
whether
common
carriers
employees
duties
common
carriers
respect
safety
employees
engaged
commerce
among
liability
former
injuries
sustained
latter
engaged
real
substantial
relation
commerce
therefore
within
range
power
cooley
port
wardens
ed
lottawanna
rodd
heartt
wall
ed
sherlock
alling
ed
smith
alabama
ed
inters
com
sup
nashville
alabama
ed
inters
com
sup
peirce
van
dusen
app
fed
baltimore
baugh
ed
sup
patterson
eudora
ed
sup
johnson
southern
ed
sup
schlemmer
buffalo
ed
sup
employers
liability
cases
howard
illinois
ed
sup
adair
ed
sup
ann
cas
baltimore
interstate
commerce
commission
ed
sup
southern
ed
sup
well
said
brief
prepared
late
solicitor
general
always
rate
commerce
act
congress
course
anything
exercise
fair
discretion
may
deemed
appropriate
save
act
interstate
commerce
prevention
interruption
make
act
secure
reliable
efficient
act
interstate
commerce
done
labor
men
help
things
men
things
agents
instruments
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act
commerce
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agents
instruments
right
kind
quality
commerce
consequence
becomes
slow
costly
unsafe
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conditions
agents
instruments
work
commerce
wrong
disadvantageous
bad
conditions
may
often
prevent
interrupt
act
commerce
make
less
expeditious
less
reliable
less
economical
less
secure
therefore
congress
may
legislate
agents
instruments
interstate
commerce
conditions
agents
instruments
perform
work
interstate
commerce
whenever
legislation
bears
exercise
fair
legislative
discretion
deemed
bear
upon
reliability
promptness
economy
security
utility
interstate
commerce
act
view
settled
propositions
admit
doubt
answer
first
questions
stated
must
congress
exertion
power
interstate
commerce
may
regulate
relations
common
carriers
railroad
employees
engaged
commerce
subject
always
limitations
prescribed
constitution
qualification
particulars
relations
regulated
must
real
substantial
connection
interstate
commerce
carriers
employees
engaged
come
inquire
whether
congress
exceeded
power
regard
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regulations
embodied
present
act
objected
abrogation
rule
extension
carrier
liability
cases
death
restriction
defenses
contributory
negligence
assumption
risk
tendency
promote
safety
employees
advance
commerce
engaged
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sustained
one
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although
confined
instances
injured
employee
engaged
interstate
commerce
confined
instances
employees
engaged
act
offends
amendment
constitution
unwarrantably
interfering
liberty
contract
arbitrarily
placing
employers
engaged
interstate
commerce
railroad
disfavored
class
employees
engaged
commerce
favored
class
briefly
stated
departures
common
law
made
portions
act
first
objection
leveled
rule
negligence
one
employee
resulting
injury
another
attributed
common
employer
displaced
rule
imposing
upon
employer
responsibility
injury
done
common
law
injured
person
employee
rule
exonerating
employer
liability
injury
sustained
employee
concurring
negligence
employer
employee
abrogated
instances
employer
violation
statute
enacted
safety
employees
contributes
injury
instances
displaced
rule
comparative
negligence
whereby
exoneration
proportional
part
damages
corresponding
amount
negligence
attributable
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rule
employee
deemed
assume
risk
injury
even
due
employer
negligence
employee
voluntarily
entered
remained
service
actual
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knowledge
conditions
risk
arose
abrogated
instances
employer
violation
statute
enacted
safety
employees
contributed
injury
rule
denying
right
action
death
one
person
caused
wrongful
act
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another
displaced
rule
vesting
right
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personal
representatives
deceased
benefit
designated
relatives
objection
changes
enough
observe
first
person
property
vested
interest
rule
common
law
one
forms
municipal
law
sacred
rights
property
created
common
law
taken
away
without
due
process
law
rule
conduct
may
changed
legislature
unless
prevented
constitutional
limitations
indeed
great
office
statutes
remedy
defects
common
law
developed
adapt
changes
time
circumstances
munn
illinois
ed
martin
pittsburg
burg
ed
sup
ann
cas
lottawanna
rodd
heartt
wall
ed
western
teleg
commercial
mill
ed
sup
second
natural
tendency
changes
described
impel
carriers
avoid
prevent
negligent
acts
omissions
made
bases
rights
recovery
statute
creates
defines
whatever
makes
end
tends
promote
safety
employees
advance
commerce
engaged
entertain
doubt
making
changes
congress
acted
within
limits
discretion
confided
constitution
lottery
case
champion
ames
ed
sup
atlantic
coast
line
riverside
mills
ed
sup
unmindful
end
measurably
attained
remedial
legislation
several
legislation
far
uniform
undoubtedly
rested
congress
determine
whether
national
law
operating
uniformly
upon
carriers
railroad
engaged
interstate
commerce
better
subserve
needs
commerce
lottawanna
rodd
heartt
wall
ed
baltimore
baugh
ed
sup
second
objection
proceeds
upon
theory
even
although
congress
power
regulate
liability
carrier
injuries
sustained
one
employee
negligence
another
engaged
interstate
commerce
power
embrace
instances
negligent
employee
engaged
intrastate
commerce
mistaken
theory
treats
source
injury
rather
effect
upon
interstate
commerce
criterion
congressional
power
said
southern
ed
sup
power
plenary
competently
may
exerted
secure
safety
interstate
transportation
employed
therein
matter
source
dangers
threaten
present
act
unlike
one
condemned
employers
liability
cases
howard
illinois
ed
sup
deals
liability
carrier
engaged
interstate
commerce
injuries
sustained
employees
engaged
commerce
valid
objection
act
embraces
instances
causal
negligence
employee
engaged
intrastate
commerce
negligence
operating
injuriously
upon
employee
engaged
interstate
commerce
effect
upon
commerce
negligent
employee
also
engaged
therein
next
order
objection
provision
declaring
void
contract
rule
regulation
device
purpose
intent
enable
carrier
exempt
liability
act
creates
repugnant
amendment
constitution
unwarranted
interference
liberty
contract
suffices
say
view
recent
decisions
chicago
mcguire
ed
sup
atlantic
coast
line
riverside
mills
ed
baltimore
interstate
commerce
commission
ed
sup
congress
possesses
power
impose
liability
hold
also
possesses
power
insure
efficacy
prohibiting
contract
rule
regulation
device
evasion
coming
question
classification
true
liability
act
creates
imposed
interstate
carriers
railroad
although
interstate
carriers
imposed
benefit
employees
carriers
railroad
employed
interstate
commerce
although
subjected
peculiar
hazards
incident
operation
trains
hazards
differ
employees
commerce
within
act
exposed
follow
classification
violative
process
law
clause
amendment
even
assumed
clause
equivalent
protection
laws
clause
amendment
claimed
take
congress
power
classify
condemn
exertions
power
merely
occasion
inequalities
contrary
admits
exercise
wide
discretion
classifying
according
general
rather
minute
distinctions
condemns
done
without
reasonable
basis
therefore
purely
arbitrary
lindsley
natural
carbonic
gas
ed
sup
tested
standards
classification
objectionable
like
classifications
railroad
carriers
employees
like
purposes
assailed
equal
protection
clause
sustained
repeated
decisions
missouri
mackey
ed
sup
louisville
melton
ed
sup
mobile
turnipseed
ed
sup
follows
answer
second
questions
stated
must
congress
exceeded
power
prescribing
regulations
embodied
present
act
third
question
whether
regulations
supersede
laws
far
latter
cover
field
finds
answer
following
extracts
opinion
chief
justice
marshall
maryland
wheat
ed
one
proposition
command
universal
assent
mankind
might
expect
government
union
though
limited
powers
within
sphere
action
seem
result
necessarily
nature
government
powers
delegated
represents
acts
though
one
state
may
willing
control
operations
state
willing
allow
others
control
nation
subjects
act
must
necessarily
bind
component
parts
question
left
mere
reason
people
express
terms
decided
saying
constitution
laws
shall
made
pursuance
thereof
law
land
requiring
members
state
legislatures
officers
executive
judicial
departments
shall
take
oath
fidelity
government
though
limited
powers
laws
made
pursuance
constitution
form
law
land
constitution
laws
state
contrary
notwithstanding
great
principle
constitution
laws
made
pursuance
thereof
control
constitution
laws
respective
controlled
particularly
apposite
repetition
principle
smity
alabama
ed
inters
com
sup
grant
power
congress
constitution
regulate
commerce
foreign
nations
among
several
conceded
paramount
legislative
powers
consequence
granted
congress
reserved
follows
legislation
state
although
pursuance
acknowledged
power
reserved
conflicts
actual
exercise
power
congress
subject
commerce
must
give
way
supremacy
national
authority
true
prior
present
act
laws
several
regarded
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