parker
brown
argued
decided
january
walter
bowers
los
angeles
strother
walton
fresno
appellants
levin
aynesworth
fresno
appellees
robert
stern
washington
amicus
curiae
special
leave
chief
justice
stone
delivered
opinion
questions
consideration
whether
marketing
program
adopted
raisin
crop
california
agricultural
prorate
rendered
invalid
sherman
act
note
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
amended
et
et
commerce
clause
constitution
art
cl
appellee
producer
packer
raisins
california
brought
suit
district
enjoin
state
director
agriculture
raisin
proration
zone
members
state
agricultural
prorate
advisory
commission
program
committee
zone
others
charged
statute
administration
prorate
enforcing
appellee
program
marketing
crop
raisins
produced
proration
zone
trial
upon
oral
testimony
stipulation
facts
certain
exhibits
district
held
raisin
marketing
program
illegal
interference
undue
burden
upon
interstate
commerce
gave
judgment
appellee
granting
injunction
prayed
supp
case
tried
district
three
judges
comes
appeal
judicial
code
amended
appears
evidence
findings
district
almost
raisins
consumed
nearly
world
crop
produced
raisin
proration
zone
per
cent
raisins
grown
california
ultimately
shipped
interstate
foreign
commerce
harvesting
marketing
crop
california
follows
uniform
procedure
grower
raisins
picks
bunches
grapes
places
drying
trays
laid
rows
vines
grapes
sufficiently
dried
places
boxes
moisture
content
equalized
point
curing
process
complete
growers
sell
raisins
deliver
boxes
handlers
packers
whose
plants
located
within
zone
packers
process
plants
ship
interstate
commerce
raisins
marketed
clusters
sometimes
merely
packed
unstemmed
suitable
containers
often
cleaned
fumigated
necessary
steamed
make
stems
pliable
raisins
sold
clusters
raisins
stemmed
packing
packers
also
clean
grade
sort
one
variety
also
seeded
packing
packers
sell
raisins
agents
brokers
jobbers
middlemen
principally
located
foreign
countries
ready
ship
raisins
packer
stores
form
received
producers
length
time
raisins
remain
packing
plants
processing
shipping
varies
days
two
years
depending
upon
packer
current
supply
raisins
market
demand
packers
frequently
place
orders
producers
fall
delivery
crop
harvested
time
enter
contracts
sale
raisins
customers
recent
years
packers
substantial
stored
raisins
end
crop
season
usually
marketed
raisins
next
year
crop
marketed
california
agricultural
prorate
act
authorizes
establishment
action
state
officials
programs
marketing
agricultural
commodities
produced
state
restrict
competition
among
growers
maintain
prices
distribution
commodities
packers
declared
purpose
act
agricultural
wealth
state
economic
waste
marketing
agricultural
crops
state
authorizes
creation
agricultural
prorate
advisory
commission
nine
members
state
official
director
agriculture
officio
member
eight
members
appointed
terms
four
years
governor
confirmed
senate
required
take
oath
office
upon
petition
ten
producers
establishment
prorate
marketing
plan
commodity
within
defined
production
zone
public
hearing
making
prescribed
economic
findings
showing
institution
program
proposed
zone
prevent
agricultural
waste
conserve
agricultural
wealth
state
without
permitting
unreasonable
profits
producers
commission
authorized
grant
petition
director
approval
commission
required
select
program
committee
among
nominees
chosen
qualified
producers
within
zone
may
add
two
handlers
packers
receive
regulated
commodity
producers
marketing
program
committee
required
formulate
proration
marketing
program
commodity
produced
zone
commission
authorized
approve
public
hearing
finding
program
reasonably
calculated
carry
objectives
act
commission
may
advised
modify
program
approve
modified
proposed
program
approved
commission
consented
per
cent
number
producers
zone
owning
per
cent
acreage
devoted
production
regulated
crop
director
required
declare
program
instituted
authority
administer
program
subject
approval
director
agriculture
conferred
program
committee
section
declares
shall
misdemeanor
punishable
fine
imprisonment
penal
code
producer
sell
handler
receive
possess
without
proper
authority
commodity
proration
program
instituted
like
penalty
imposed
upon
person
aids
abets
commission
acts
specified
section
declared
shall
constitute
separate
distinct
offense
section
imposes
civil
liability
every
violation
provision
proration
program
seasonal
proration
marketing
program
raisins
concerned
became
effective
september
provided
program
committee
classify
raisins
raisins
unfit
human
consumption
defined
federal
food
drug
cosmetic
act
et
et
seq
committee
required
establish
receiving
stations
within
zone
every
producer
must
deliver
raisins
desires
market
raisins
graded
stations
inferior
raisins
placed
raisin
pool
disposed
committee
assured
diversion
purposes
substandard
raisins
least
per
cent
total
standard
substandard
raisins
produced
must
placed
pool
raisins
pool
may
also
disposed
diversion
purposes
except
certain
circumstances
program
committee
may
transfer
standard
raisins
surplus
pool
stabilization
pool
fifty
per
cent
crop
must
placed
pool
program
producer
permitted
sell
remaining
per
cent
standard
raisins
denominated
tonnage
ordinary
commercial
channels
subject
requirement
obtain
certificate
authorizing
marketing
pay
certificate
fee
ton
covered
certificate
certification
stated
device
controlling
time
volume
movement
free
tonnage
ordinary
commercial
channels
raisins
stabilization
pool
disposed
committee
manner
obtain
stability
market
dispose
raisins
raisins
subject
special
lending
pooling
arrangements
federal
government
sold
committee
less
prevailing
market
price
raisins
variety
grade
date
sale
program
committee
make
advances
producers
ton
depending
upon
variety
raisins
deliveries
surplus
pool
ton
deliveries
stabilization
pool
committee
authorized
pledge
raisins
held
pools
order
secure
funds
finance
pool
operations
make
advances
growers
appellee
bill
complaint
challenges
validity
proration
program
violation
commerce
clause
sherman
act
support
decree
district
also
urges
conflicts
superseded
federal
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
complaint
alleges
engaged
within
marketing
zone
producing
purchasing
packing
raisins
sale
shipment
interstate
adoption
program
entered
contracts
sale
crop
raisins
unless
enjoined
appellants
enforce
program
respondent
criminal
prosecutions
prevent
marketing
crop
fulfilling
sales
contracts
purchasing
sale
selling
interstate
commerce
raisins
crop
appellee
allegations
irreparable
injury
general
terms
appears
evidence
produced
tons
crop
raisins
contracted
sell
tons
crop
dealt
tons
raisins
crop
expected
sell
challenged
program
force
tons
crop
ton
price
growers
raisins
crop
program
became
effective
per
ton
immediately
afterward
rose
per
ton
higher
also
appears
district
awarded
final
injunction
prayed
appellee
proceeded
marketing
crop
disposed
except
twelve
tons
remain
hand
although
district
found
amount
controversy
exceeds
opinion
complaint
assails
validity
program
laws
suit
one
regulating
commerce
allegation
proof
jurisdictional
amount
required
peyton
railway
express
agency
majority
also
opinion
suit
within
equity
jurisdiction
since
plaint
alleges
evidence
shows
threatened
irreparable
injury
respondent
business
threatened
prosecutions
reason
marketed
crop
protection
district
decree
validity
prorate
program
sherman
act
section
sherman
act
makes
unlawful
contract
combination
conspiracy
restraint
trade
commerce
among
several
makes
unlawful
attempt
monopolize
combine
conspire
person
persons
monopolize
part
trade
commerce
among
several
may
assume
present
purposes
california
prorate
program
violate
sherman
act
organized
made
effective
solely
virtue
contract
combination
conspiracy
private
persons
individual
corporate
may
assume
also
without
deciding
congress
exercise
commerce
power
prohibit
state
maintaining
stabilization
program
like
present
effect
interstate
commerce
occupation
legislative
congress
exercise
granted
power
familiar
example
constitutional
power
suspend
state
laws
see
adams
express
croninger
napier
atlantic
coast
line
missouri
pacific
porter
illinois
natural
gas
central
illinois
public
service
plain
prorate
program
never
intended
operate
force
individual
agreement
combination
derived
authority
efficacy
legislative
command
state
intended
operate
become
effective
without
command
find
nothing
language
sherman
act
history
suggests
purpose
restrain
state
officers
agents
activities
directed
legislature
dual
system
government
constitution
sovereign
save
congress
may
constitutionally
subtract
authority
unexpressed
purpose
nullify
state
control
officers
agents
lightly
attributed
congress
sherman
act
makes
mention
state
gives
hint
intended
restrain
state
action
official
action
directed
state
act
applicable
including
corporations
authorizes
suits
persons
corporations
state
may
maintain
suit
damages
state
georgia
evans
may
cooper
derived
literal
meaning
words
purpose
subject
matter
context
legislative
history
statute
suggestion
purpose
restrain
state
action
act
legislative
history
sponsor
bill
ultimately
enacted
sherman
act
declared
prevented
combinations
see
also
purpose
suppress
combinations
restrain
competition
attempts
monopolize
individuals
corporations
abundantly
appears
legislative
history
see
apex
hosiery
leader
note
addyston
pipe
steel
affirmed
standard
oil
true
state
give
immunity
violate
sherman
act
authorizing
violate
declaring
action
lawful
northern
securities
question
state
municipality
becoming
participant
private
agreement
tion
others
restraint
trade
cf
union
pacific
state
command
commission
program
committee
california
prorate
act
rendered
unlawful
sherman
act
since
view
latter
words
history
must
taken
prohibition
individual
state
action
state
created
machinery
establishing
prorate
program
although
organization
prorate
zone
proposed
producers
prorate
program
approved
commission
must
also
approved
referendum
producers
state
acting
commission
adopts
program
enforces
penal
sanctions
execution
governmental
policy
prerequisite
approval
program
upon
referendum
prescribed
number
producers
imposition
upon
minority
force
agreement
combination
sherman
act
prohibits
state
exercises
legislative
authority
making
regulation
prescribing
conditions
application
required
vote
referendum
one
conditions
compare
currin
wallace
hampton
wickard
filburn
state
adopting
enforcing
prorate
program
made
contract
agreement
entered
conspiracy
restraint
trade
establish
monopoly
sovereign
imposed
restraint
act
government
sherman
act
undertake
prohibit
olsen
smith
cf
lowenstein
evans
validity
program
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
stat
et
et
authorizes
tary
agriculture
issue
orders
limiting
quantity
specified
agricultural
products
including
fruits
may
marketed
current
directly
burden
obstruct
affect
interstate
foreign
commerce
orders
may
allot
amounts
handlers
may
purchase
producer
means
equalize
amount
marketed
among
producers
may
provide
control
elimination
surpluses
establishment
reserve
pools
regulated
produce
federal
statute
differs
california
prorate
act
sanction
falls
upon
handlers
alone
state
act
applies
growers
extends
also
handlers
far
may
unlawfully
receive
possession
within
state
commodity
subject
prorate
program
may
assume
powers
conferred
upon
secretary
extend
control
surpluses
raisin
industry
pooling
arrangement
promulgated
california
prorate
act
present
case
see
rock
royal
currin
wallace
supra
may
assume
also
stabilization
program
adopted
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
supersede
state
act
federal
act
becomes
effective
program
ordered
secretary
section
provides
whenever
secretary
agriculture
reason
believe
issuance
order
tend
effectuate
declared
policy
act
respect
commodity
shall
give
due
notice
opportunity
hearing
upon
proposed
order
provides
hearing
shall
issue
order
finds
sets
forth
order
issuance
tend
effectuate
declared
policy
act
respect
commodity
question
since
secretary
given
notice
hearing
proposed
promulgated
order
regulating
raisins
must
taken
reason
believe
issuance
order
tend
effectuate
policy
act
secretary
authorized
order
effectuate
declared
policy
act
order
obtain
uniformity
formulation
administration
enforcement
federal
state
programs
relating
regulation
handling
agricultural
commodities
confer
cooperate
duly
constituted
authorities
state
whole
structure
act
seem
contemplates
policy
may
effectuated
state
program
either
without
promulgation
federal
program
order
secretary
cf
rock
royal
supra
follows
adoption
adequate
program
state
may
deemed
secretary
sufficient
ground
believing
policies
federal
act
effectuated
without
promulgation
order
evident
therefore
marketing
act
contemplates
existence
state
programs
least
time
secretary
shall
establish
federal
marketing
program
unless
state
program
way
conflicts
policy
federal
act
act
contemplates
sovereign
shall
operate
sphere
exert
authority
conformity
rather
conflict
sess
pp
sess
suggested
possibility
conflict
declared
purposes
two
acts
object
federal
statutes
stated
establishment
exercise
power
conferred
secretary
marketing
conditions
agricultural
commodities
interstate
commerce
tend
establish
prices
farm
purpose
interest
consumers
current
consumptive
demand
considered
action
shall
taken
purpose
maintaining
prices
parity
level
declared
objective
california
act
prevent
excessive
supplies
agricultural
commodities
affecting
market
although
statute
speaks
terms
stability
waste
rather
price
evident
purpose
effect
regulation
agricultural
wealth
state
raising
maintaining
prices
permitting
unreasonable
profits
producers
possibility
conflict
seem
state
program
raise
prices
beyond
parity
price
prescribed
federal
act
condition
occurred
secretary
reason
believe
state
act
tend
effectuate
policies
federal
act
require
issuance
order
latter
evidenced
approval
given
department
agriculture
state
program
loan
agreement
state
commodity
credit
corporation
agricultural
adjustment
act
stat
commodity
credit
corporation
authorized
recommendation
secretary
approval
president
make
available
loans
agricultural
commodities
terms
conditions
loans
secretary
subject
approval
corporation
president
authority
commodity
credit
corporation
made
loans
zone
secured
pledge
tons
crop
raisins
surplus
stabilization
pools
loans
ultimately
liquidated
sales
tons
packers
tons
federal
surplus
marketing
administration
agency
department
relief
distribution
export
program
loans
conditional
upon
adoption
state
present
seasonal
marketing
program
informed
government
request
filed
brief
amicus
curiae
loan
agreement
prices
sales
policies
pledged
raisins
controlled
committee
appointed
secretary
officials
department
agriculture
collaborated
drafting
state
raisin
program
section
agricultural
adjustment
act
requires
commodity
credit
corporation
make
loans
producers
certain
agricultural
products
specified
percentages
parity
price
authorizes
loans
agricultural
commodity
government
informs
us
making
loans
latter
authority
construed
department
agriculture
requiring
loans
made
order
effectuate
policy
federal
agricultural
legislation
section
agricultural
adjustment
act
declares
policy
congress
achieve
statutory
objective
loans
agricultural
adjustment
act
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
derived
agricultural
adjustment
act
stat
et
coordinate
parts
single
plan
raising
farm
prices
parity
levels
conditions
imposed
secretary
agriculture
loan
agreement
state
california
collaboration
federal
officials
drafting
program
must
taken
expression
opinion
department
agriculture
state
program
thus
aided
loan
consistent
policies
agricultural
adjustment
agricultural
marketing
agreement
acts
find
conflict
two
acts
occupation
legislative
field
mere
adoption
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
without
issuance
order
secretary
putting
effect
preclude
effective
operation
state
act
occasion
decide
whether
conclusion
follow
state
program
adopted
collaboration
officials
department
agriculture
aided
loans
modity
credit
corporation
recommended
secretary
agriculture
validity
program
commerce
clause
found
approximately
per
cent
california
raisin
crop
finds
way
interstate
foreign
commerce
denied
proration
program
devised
compel
delivery
producer
including
appellee
raisin
crop
program
committee
subject
marketing
control
committee
program
adopted
exercise
legislative
power
delegated
state
officials
force
law
clothes
committee
power
imposes
duty
control
marketing
crop
enhance
price
least
maintain
prices
restraints
competition
producers
sale
crop
program
operates
eliminate
competition
producers
terms
sale
crop
including
price
since
per
cent
crop
marketed
interstate
commerce
program
may
taken
substantial
effect
commerce
placing
restrictions
sale
marketing
product
buyers
eventually
sell
ship
interstate
commerce
question
thus
presented
whether
absence
congressional
legislation
prohibiting
regulating
transactions
affected
state
program
restrictions
imposes
upon
sale
within
state
commodity
producer
processor
contemplates
fact
work
upon
commodity
packing
shipping
interstate
commerce
violate
commerce
clause
governments
sovereign
within
territory
save
subject
prohibitions
constitution
action
measure
conflicts
powers
delegated
national
ment
congressional
legislation
enacted
exercise
powers
repeatedly
held
grant
power
congress
commerce
clause
wholly
withdraw
authority
regulate
commerce
respect
matters
local
concern
congress
spoken
minnesota
rate
cases
simpson
shepard
south
carolina
state
highway
dept
barnwell
et
et
seq
people
state
california
thompson
cases
cited
duckworth
arkansas
fortiori
many
subjects
transactions
local
concern
interstate
commerce
part
operations
within
regulatory
taxing
power
long
state
action
serves
local
ends
discriminate
commerce
even
though
exercise
powers
may
materially
affect
whether
resort
mechanical
test
sometimes
applied
determining
interstate
commerce
begins
respect
commodity
grown
manufactured
within
state
sold
shipped
whether
consider
power
state
absence
congressional
action
regulate
matters
local
concern
even
though
regulation
affects
measure
restricts
think
present
regulation
within
state
power
applying
mechanical
test
determine
interstate
commerce
begins
ends
see
federal
compress
warehouse
mclean
cases
cited
state
minnesota
blasius
cases
cited
frequently
held
purposes
local
taxation
regulation
interstate
commerce
even
though
manufacturing
process
slight
extent
crescent
cotton
oil
mississippi
oliver
iron
mining
lord
utah
power
light
pfost
hope
natural
gas
hall
heisler
thomas
colliery
champlin
refining
corporation
commission
bayside
fish
flour
gentry
regulations
manufacture
sustained
aimed
matters
local
concern
effect
preventing
commerce
regulated
article
kidd
pearson
champlin
refining
corporation
commission
supra
sligh
kirkwood
see
capital
city
dairy
ohio
thompson
consolidated
gas
utilities
cf
bayside
fish
flour
gentry
supra
state
also
free
license
tax
intrastate
buying
purchaser
expects
usual
course
business
resell
interstate
commerce
chassaniol
greenwood
case
gone
far
hold
state
license
otherwise
regulate
sale
articles
within
state
buyer
processing
packing
normal
course
business
sell
ship
interstate
commerce
cases
proceed
ground
taxation
regulation
involved
however
drastically
may
affect
interstate
commerce
nevertheless
prohibited
commerce
clause
regulation
imposed
operation
interstate
commerce
occurs
applying
test
regulation
controls
disposition
including
sale
purchase
raisins
processed
packed
preparatory
interstate
sale
shipment
regulation
thus
applied
transactions
wholly
intrastate
raisins
ready
shipment
interstate
commerce
reason
present
case
distinguished
lemke
farmers
grain
shafer
farmers
grain
appellee
relies
state
regulation
held
invalid
business
purchased
grain
within
state
immediate
shipment
opinion
purchase
wheat
shipment
state
without
resale
processing
part
interstate
commerce
compare
chassaniol
greenwood
supra
distinction
local
regulation
engaged
commerce
although
commodity
produce
sell
local
buyers
ultimately
destined
interstate
commerce
regulation
engage
commerce
selling
product
interstate
general
served
serves
ready
means
distinguishing
local
activities
commerce
clause
appropriate
subject
state
regulation
despite
effect
interstate
commerce
courts
confined
mechanical
test
congress
exerted
power
commerce
clause
state
regulation
matters
local
concern
related
interstate
commerce
also
operates
regulation
commerce
reconciliation
power
thus
granted
reserved
state
attained
accommodation
competing
demands
state
national
interests
involved
see
di
santo
pennsylvania
compare
people
state
california
thompson
supra
south
carolina
state
highway
dept
barnwell
supra
milk
control
board
eisenberg
farm
products
ilinois
natural
gas
central
illinois
public
service
regulations
state
sustained
rather
see
di
santo
pennsylvania
supra
cf
wickard
filburn
supra
control
interstate
activities
manner
affect
commerce
rather
command
operations
upheld
upon
consideration
relevant
facts
circumstances
appears
matter
one
may
appropriately
regulated
interest
safety
health
local
communities
local
character
practical
difficulties
involved
may
never
adequately
dealt
congress
local
character
also
may
wide
scope
local
regulation
without
substantially
impairing
national
interest
regulation
commerce
single
authority
without
materially
obstructing
free
flow
commerce
principal
objects
sought
secured
commerce
clause
see
minnesota
rate
cases
simpson
shepard
supra
people
state
california
thompson
supra
may
also
present
case
local
regulations
whose
effect
upon
national
commerce
conflict
coincide
policy
congress
established
respect
examination
evidence
case
available
data
raisin
industry
california
may
take
judicial
notice
leaves
doubt
evils
attending
production
marketing
raisins
state
present
problem
local
character
urgently
demanding
state
action
economic
protection
engaged
one
important
industries
spectacular
rise
price
types
california
grapes
including
raisin
grapes
price
raisins
reached
peak
per
ton
followed
large
increase
acreage
accompanying
reduction
price
price
raisins
years
since
ranged
per
ton
acreage
continued
increase
production
reached
peak
tons
raisin
grapes
tons
raisins
since
substantial
carry
year
crop
result
least
since
industry
large
increase
acreage
attendant
fall
price
unable
market
product
compelled
sell
less
parity
prices
years
prices
regarded
students
industry
less
cost
production
history
industry
least
since
record
continuous
search
expedients
stabilize
marketing
raisin
crop
maintain
price
standard
bring
fair
return
producers
significant
relation
local
interest
maintaining
program
national
interest
interstate
commerce
throughout
period
adoption
prorate
program
raisin
crop
national
government
contributed
efforts
either
establishment
marketing
programs
pursuant
act
congress
aiding
programs
sponsored
state
local
cooperative
market
stabilization
programs
raisins
approved
federal
farm
board
supported
large
loans
marketing
agreement
california
raisins
put
effect
agricultural
adjustment
act
amended
stat
authorized
secretary
agriculture
order
effectuate
act
declared
policy
achieving
parity
prices
enter
marketing
agreements
processors
producers
others
engaged
handling
agricultural
commodities
current
competition
burden
obstruct
way
affect
interstate
foreign
raisin
proration
zone
organized
latter
part
proration
program
adopted
crop
loans
made
raisins
crop
commodity
credit
corporation
aid
proration
program
adopted
california
act
crop
substantial
part
crop
pledged
commodity
credit
corporation
security
loan
ultimately
sold
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
relief
distribution
substantial
purchases
raisins
crop
also
made
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
although
proration
program
adopted
year
aid
program
already
noted
commodity
credit
corporation
made
loans
excess
tons
raisins
pledged
sold
federal
surplus
marketing
administration
history
shows
clearly
enough
adoption
legislative
measures
prevent
demoralization
industry
stabilizing
marketing
raisin
crop
matter
state
well
national
concern
absence
inconsistent
congressional
action
problem
whose
solution
peculiarly
within
province
state
exercise
power
state
adopted
measure
appropriate
end
sought
program
aimed
discriminate
interstate
commerce
although
undoubtedly
affected
commerce
increasing
interstate
price
raisins
curtailing
interstate
shipments
undetermined
extent
effect
commerce
greater
instances
far
less
held
afford
basis
denying
right
pursue
legitimate
state
end
cf
kidd
pearson
supra
sligh
kirkwood
supra
champlain
refining
corporation
commission
supra
south
carolina
state
highway
department
barnwell
supra
cases
cited
page
page
notes
people
state
california
thompson
supra
cases
cited
comparing
relative
weights
conflicting
local
national
interests
involved
significant
congress
agricultural
legislation
recognized
distressed
condition
much
agricultural
production
authorized
marketing
procedures
substantially
like
california
prorate
program
stabilizing
marketing
agricultural
products
acting
legislation
secretary
agriculture
established
large
number
market
stabilization
programs
agricultural
commodities
moving
interstate
commerce
various
parts
country
including
seven
affecting
california
crops
involved
tempts
one
way
another
prevent
agricultural
products
excessive
competition
marketing
price
stabilization
ultimate
objective
like
effect
restricting
shipments
raising
maintaining
prices
agricultural
commodities
moving
interstate
commerce
thus
appears
whatever
effect
operation
california
program
may
interstate
commerce
one
policy
congress
aid
encourage
federal
agencies
conformity
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
agricultural
adjustment
act
effect
commerce
greater
substantially
different
kind
contemplated
stabilization
programs
authorized
federal
statutes
seen
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
applicable
raisins
direction
secretary
agriculture
instead
establishing
federal
program
statute
authorizes
cooperated
promoting
state
program
aided
substantial
federal
loans
hence
say
effect
state
program
interstate
commerce
one
conflicts
congressional
policy
preclude
state
exercise
reserved
power
regulate
domestic
agricultural
production
conclude
california
prorate
program
raisin
crop
regulation
state
industry
local
concern
circumstances
case
detailed
impair
national
control
commerce
manner
degree
forbidden
constitution
reversed
footnotes
act
june
ch
statutes
california
amended
chs
pp
statutes
ch
extra
session
chs
pp
statutes
chs
pp
statutes
constitutionality
federal
state
constitutions
sustained
california
agricultural
prorate
commission
superior
see
also
hearings
senate
committee
agriculture
forestry
march
hearings
house
committee
agriculture
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
part
reenactment
certain
provisions
agricultural
adjustment
act
stat
amended
stat
first
introduced
reenacted
without
change
price
one
agricultural
commodities
purchasing
power
respect
articles
farmers
buy
equivalent
purchasing
power
agricultural
commodities
base
period
parity
price
computed
multiplying
index
prices
paid
farmers
goods
used
farm
production
family
living
expenses
together
real
estate
taxes
interest
farm
indebtedness
average
price
base
period
commodity
question
see
dept
agriculture
parity
prices
calculated
base
period
commodities
tobacco
potatoes
august
however
period
august
july
part
thereof
may
used
commodity
secretary
finds
proclaims
adequate
statistics
period
available
proclamation
dated
june
secretary
designated
period
base
period
raisins
parity
price
raisins
june
published
department
agriculture
per
ton
preliminary
figures
show
average
price
crop
parity
prices
computed
supra
vii
parity
prices
raisins
previous
years
published
however
may
computed
base
period
price
indices
prices
paid
farmers
published
department
agriculture
statistical
publications
cited
infra
note
computations
subsequent
years
supplied
department
agriculture
indicate
price
received
farmer
crop
parity
price
indicate
raisin
prices
since
equalled
parity
field
prices
crops
prior
per
ton
parity
commodity
credit
corporation
created
executive
order
october
continued
existence
acts
congress
stat
stat
stat
reorganization
plan
stat
approved
act
congress
stat
effective
july
following
section
corporation
transferred
department
agriculture
department
general
direction
supervision
secretary
agriculture
executive
order
exclusive
voting
rights
capital
stock
vested
secretary
surplus
marketing
administration
created
reorganization
plan
iii
stat
approved
stat
effective
june
following
section
consolidation
division
marketing
marketing
agreements
agricultural
adjustment
administration
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
surplus
commodities
corporation
incorporated
october
name
federal
surplus
relief
corporation
existence
agency
direction
secretary
agriculture
continued
acts
congress
stat
stat
members
corporation
secretary
agriculture
administrator
agricultural
adjustment
administration
governor
farm
credit
administration
successor
corporation
surplus
marketing
administration
exercises
authority
given
agricultural
adjustment
act
use
annual
gross
customs
receipts
encourage
exportation
domestic
consumption
persons
low
income
groups
agricultural
commodities
reestablish
farmers
purchasing
power
successor
division
markets
marketing
agreements
administration
charged
enforcement
agricultural
marketing
agreement
act
report
president
commodity
credit
corporation
wm
cecil
zone
agent
raisin
proration
zone
raisin
program
dept
agriculture
bulletin
see
also
report
president
commodity
credit
corporation
principal
statistical
sources
tariff
commission
grapes
raisins
wines
report
second
series
issued
pursuant
following
publications
department
agriculture
yearbook
agriculture
published
annually
agricultural
statistics
published
annually
since
crops
markets
published
quarterly
season
average
prices
value
production
principal
crops
general
discussions
economic
status
raisin
industry
see
grapes
raisins
wines
supra
shear
gould
economic
status
grape
industry
university
california
agricultural
experiment
station
bulletin
shear
howe
factors
affecting
california
raisin
sales
prices
giannini
foundation
agricultural
economics
paper
studies
made
auspices
university
california
indicate
cost
production
thompson
seedless
raisins
including
growers
labor
management
charge
depreciation
interest
investment
per
ton
farm
yielding
two
tons
per
acre
per
ton
farm
yielding
ton
per
acre
yield
described
yield
adams
farm
management
crop
manual
university
california
syllabus
series
another
student
computed
cost
production
per
acre
yield
ton
yield
yield
shultis
standards
production
labor
material
costs
selected
crops
livestock
enterprises
university
california
extension
service
field
prices
thompson
seedless
raisins
since
higher
years
high
grapes
raisins
wines
supra
parity
prices
raisins
see
supra
note
discussion
private
efforts
within
industry
prior
regulate
marketing
raisins
see
grapes
raisins
wines
supra
see
annual
report
federal
farm
board
id
grapes
raisins
wines
supra
shear
california
grape
control
plan
giannini
foundation
agricultural
economics
paper
stokdyk
west
farm
board
loans
made
federal
farm
board
shear
supra
program
provided
formation
single
marketing
agency
destruction
diversion
use
surplus
raisins
designed
federal
farm
board
federal
farm
board
created
agricultural
marketing
act
stat
authorized
board
make
loans
cooperative
associations
aid
effective
merchandising
agricultural
commodities
achieve
statutory
objective
placing
agriculture
economic
equality
industries
see
dept
agriculture
agricultural
adjustment
marketing
program
adopted
published
agricultural
adjustment
administration
department
agriculture
marketing
agreement
license
effect
may
agreement
provided
creation
control
board
representatives
packers
growers
equal
voice
subject
approval
secretary
agriculture
control
board
fix
minimum
prices
paid
growers
require
percentage
crop
delivered
control
board
crop
required
delivered
board
prices
crop
fixed
per
ton
muscat
sultana
thompson
seedless
raisins
respectively
report
president
commodity
credit
corporation
raisins
ultimately
sold
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
relief
distribution
ibid
report
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
report
president
commodity
credit
corporation
report
associate
administrator
agricultural
adjustment
administration
charge
division
marketing
marketing
agreements
president
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
federal
loan
conditioned
upon
adoption
state
proration
program
crop
delivered
stabilization
pool
cecil
raisin
proration
program
supra
report
federal
surplus
commodities
corporation
commodity
credit
corporation
similarly
made
loans
crops
dried
prunes
loans
crops
aid
proration
programs
similar
adopted
raisins
report
president
commodity
credit
corporation
id
report
surplus
mar
keting
administration
programs
nineteen
affecting
agricultural
commodities
effect
fiscal
year
ending
june
report
surplus
marketing
administration
pp
discussions
nature
purpose
programs
see
annual
reports
agricultural
adjustment
administration
nourse
marketing
agreements