lane
wilson
argued
march
decided
may
charles
chandler
muskogee
james
nabrit
washington
petitioner
joseph
stone
muskogee
charles
watts
wagoner
respondents
justice
frankfurter
delivered
opinion
case
certiorari
review
judgment
circuit
appeals
tenth
circuit
affirming
district
eastern
district
oklahoma
entered
upon
directed
verdict
favor
defendants
action
one
damages
brought
section
revised
statutes
colored
citizen
claiming
discriminatory
treatment
resulting
electoral
legislation
oklahoma
violation
fifteenth
amendment
const
certiorari
granted
importance
question
asserted
conflict
decision
guinn
constitution
oklahoma
admitted
union
regulated
suffrage
article
iii
whereby
electors
state
age
years
disqualifications
case
felons
paupers
lunatics
section
soon
admission
suffrage
provisions
oklahoma
constitution
radically
amended
addition
literacy
test
white
voters
effect
relieved
operation
clause
art
clause
stricken
violative
prohibition
discrimination
account
race
color
previous
condition
servitude
fifteenth
amendment
outlawry
occurred
june
meantime
oklahoma
general
election
based
offending
clause
invalidation
clause
special
session
oklahoma
legislature
enacted
new
scheme
registration
prerequisite
voting
oklahoma
laws
act
february
section
statute
section
oklahoma
statutes
obviously
directed
towards
consequences
decision
guinn
supra
voted
general
election
automatically
remained
qualified
voters
new
registration
requirements
affected
others
apply
registration
april
may
qualified
time
extension
june
given
county
period
time
prevented
sickness
unavoidable
misfortune
registering
within
time
crux
present
controversy
validity
registration
scheme
dividing
line
white
citizens
voted
clause
immunity
prior
guinn
supra
citizens
outside
days
normal
period
registration
theretofore
proscribed
class
petitioner
colored
citizen
oklahoma
plaintiff
hereafter
referred
sued
three
county
election
officials
declining
register
october
qualified
registration
get
registration
list
evidence
conflict
whether
presented
year
registration
circumstances
registration
denied
fact
plaintiff
get
register
terms
statute
thereby
permanently
lost
right
register
hence
right
vote
central
claim
plaintiff
unconstitutionality
section
defendants
joined
issue
claim
insisted
illegality
denial
plaintiff
right
registration
proper
recourse
courts
oklahoma
district
took
case
jury
action
affirmed
circuit
appeals
found
proof
discrimination
negroes
administration
section
denied
legislation
conflict
fifteenth
amendment
defendants
urge
two
bars
plaintiff
recovery
apart
constitutional
validity
section
say
plaintiff
assumption
invalidity
oklahoma
statute
register
therefore
right
registration
denied
secondly
argue
state
procedure
determining
claims
discrimination
must
employed
invoking
federal
judiciary
contentions
considered
first
disposition
constitutional
question
must
reserved
last
first
objection
derives
misapplication
giles
harris
case
bill
equity
brought
colored
man
behalf
behalf
five
thousand
negroes
citizens
county
montgomery
alabama
similarly
situated
effect
asked
federal
supervise
voting
state
officers
called
extraordinary
situation
found
reinforce
argument
equity
undertake
past
enforce
political
rights
see
page
page
apart
traditional
restriction
upon
exercise
equitable
jurisdiction
another
difficulty
giles
harris
supra
plaintiff
effect
asking
specific
performance
right
alabama
electoral
legislation
presupposed
validity
legislation
claiming
whole
theory
bill
invalidity
legislation
naturally
enough
took
claim
face
value
found
legislation
basis
specific
performance
decreed
case
different
giles
harris
difference
explicitly
foreshadowed
giles
harris
supra
case
declared
prepared
say
action
law
maintained
facts
alleged
bill
page
page
precisely
basis
present
action
brought
following
legislation
congress
enforce
fifteenth
amendment
person
color
statute
state
subjects
causes
subjected
citizen
within
jurisdiction
thereof
deprivation
rights
privileges
immunities
secured
constitution
laws
shall
liable
party
injured
action
law
fifteenth
amendment
secures
freedom
discrimination
account
race
matters
affecting
franchise
whosoever
color
statute
subjects
another
discrimination
thereby
deprives
fifteenth
amendment
secures
section
becomes
party
injured
action
law
theory
plaintiff
action
defendants
acting
color
section
discriminate
section
inherently
operates
discriminatorily
claim
sustained
right
sue
section
follows
basis
action
inequality
treatment
though
color
law
denial
right
vote
compare
nixon
herndon
preliminary
objection
maintenance
action
likewise
untenable
vindicate
present
grievance
plaintiff
pursue
whatever
remedy
may
open
state
courts
normally
state
legislative
process
sometimes
exercised
administrative
powers
conferred
state
courts
must
completed
resort
federal
courts
prentis
atlantic
coast
line
state
procedure
open
one
plaintiff
situation
section
indicia
conventional
judicial
proceeding
confer
upon
oklahoma
courts
discretionary
initiatory
functions
characteristic
administrative
agencies
see
section
article
iv
oklahoma
constitution
oklahoma
cotton
ginners
state
okl
barring
exceptional
circumstances
see
gilchrist
interborough
rapid
transit
explicit
statutory
requirements
stat
stat
resort
federal
may
without
first
exhausting
judicial
remedies
state
courts
bacon
land
pacific
tel
tel
kuykendall
therefore
avoid
passing
merits
plaintiff
constitutional
claims
reach
fifteenth
amendment
contrivances
state
thwart
equality
enjoyment
right
vote
citizens
regardless
race
color
amply
expounded
prior
decisions
guinn
myers
anderson
amendment
nullifies
sophisticated
well
modes
discrimination
hits
onerous
procedural
requirements
effectively
handicap
exercise
franchise
colored
race
although
abstract
right
vote
may
remain
unrestricted
race
guinn
supra
oklahoma
clause
found
violative
fifteenth
amendment
oklahoma
confronted
serious
task
devising
new
registration
system
consonant
political
ideas
also
consistent
federal
constitution
compelled
conclude
however
reluctantly
legislation
partakes
much
infirmity
clause
able
survive
section
oklahoma
statutes
makes
registration
prerequisite
voting
sections
citizens
qualified
vote
voted
required
register
save
exceptional
circumstances
april
may
default
registration
perpetually
disenfranchised
exemption
onerous
provision
enjoyed
registered
registration
held
statute
condemned
guinn
case
unfair
discrimination
thus
retained
automatically
granting
voting
privileges
life
white
citizens
constitutional
clause
sheltered
subjecting
colored
citizens
new
burden
practical
effect
legislation
accord
members
negro
race
discriminated
outlawed
registration
system
days
within
reassert
constitutional
rights
found
guinn
case
improperly
taken
believe
opportunity
thus
given
negro
voters
free
effects
discrimination
never
subjected
cabined
confined
restrictions
imposed
must
judged
reference
designed
must
remembered
dealing
body
citizens
lacking
habits
traditions
political
independence
otherwise
living
circumstances
encourage
initiative
enterprise
sure
exceptional
cases
mental
period
available
narrow
basis
supplemental
registration
brief
normal
period
relief
persons
purposes
question
practical
difficulties
record
case
gives
glimpses
inevitable
administration
strict
registration
provisions
leave
escape
conclusion
means
chosen
substitutes
invalidated
clause
invalid
fifteenth
amendment
operated
unfairly
class
whose
behalf
protection
constitution
successfully
invoked
judgment
circuit
appeals
must
therefore
reversed
cause
remanded
district
proceedings
accordance
opinion
reversed
remanded
justice
mcreynolds
justice
butler
think
reached
right
conclusion
judgment
affirmed
justice
douglas
took
part
consideration
disposition
case
footnotes
shall
duty
precinct
registrar
register
qualified
elector
election
precinct
makes
application
thirtieth
day
april
eleventh
day
may
person
applying
shall
time
applies
register
qualified
elector
precinct
shall
comply
provisions
act
shall
duty
every
qualified
elector
register
within
time
provided
elector
absent
county
residence
period
time
prevented
sickness
unavoidable
misfortune
registering
precinct
registrar
within
time
may
register
precinct
registrar
time
tenth
day
may
including
thirtieth
day
june
precinct
registrar
shall
register
person
provision
unless
satisfied
person
absent
county
prevented
registering
sickness
unavoidable
misfortune
hereinbefore
provided
provided
shall
mandatory
duty
every
precinct
registrar
issue
registration
certificates
every
qualified
elector
voted
general
election
held
state
first
tuesday
first
monday
november
without
application
said
elector
registration
deliver
certificate
elector
still
qualified
elector
precinct
failure
register
elector
voted
election
held
november
shall
preclude
prevent
elector
voting
election
state
provided
wherever
elector
refused
registration
registration
officer
action
may
reviewed
district
county
aggrieved
elector
filing
within
ten
days
petition
clerk
said
whereupon
summons
shall
issued
said
registrar
requiring
answer
within
ten
days
district
shall
expeditious
hearing
judgment
appeal
lie
instance
either
party
state
civil
cases
provided
provisions
act
shall
apply
school
district
elections
provided
county
election
board
state
shall
furnish
precinct
election
board
respective
counties
list
voters
voted
election
november
list
shall
conclusive
evidence
right
person
vote
see
also
sawyer
walton
house
pomeroy
equity
et
seq
pound
equitable
relief
defamation
injuries
personality
sections
constitution
concerning
registration
illegal
inception
new
doctrine
constitutional
law
original
invalidity
cured
administration
defeated
intent
express
opinion
alleged
fact
unconstitutionality
beyond
saying
willing
assume
valid
face
allegations
main
object
bill
purpose
granting
relief
necessary
pray
order
object
secured
page
page
recognition
difference
action
damages
equitable
relief
prayed
giles
harris
supra
repeated
close
opinion
see
page
page
justices
harlan
brewer
brown
opinion
competent
federal
grant
even
equitable
relief
asked
giles
harris
supra
act
april
stat
became
section
revised
statutes
shall
duty
every
qualified
elector
state
register
elector
provisions
act
elector
shall
permitted
vote
election
unless
shall
register
herein
provided
elector
shall
permitted
vote
primary
election
political
party
except
political
party
registration
certificate
shows
member
section
oklahoma
laws
person
may
become
qualified
elector
precinct
state
tenth
day
may
closing
registration
period
may
register
elector
making
application
registrar
precinct
qualified
voter
twenty
less
ten
days
day
holding
election
upon
complying
terms
provisions
act
shall
duty
precinct
registrars
register
qualified
electors
precinct
terms
provisions
act
beginning
twenty
days
date
holding
election
continuing
period
ten
days
precinct
registrars
shall
authority
register
electors
time
except
provided
act
registration
certificate
issued
precinct
registrar
time
except
herein
provided
shall
valid
section
oklahoma
laws