hecht
bowles
argued
decided
february
charles
horsky
washington
petitioner
chester
lane
washington
respondent
justice
douglas
delivered
opinion
sec
emergency
price
control
act
stat
ii
et
et
provides
judgment
administrator
person
engaged
engage
acts
practices
constitute
constitute
violation
provision
section
act
may
make
application
appropriate
order
enjoining
acts
practices
order
enforcing
compliance
provisions
upon
showing
administrator
person
engaged
engage
acts
practices
permanent
temporary
injunction
restraining
order
order
shall
granted
without
bond
question
case
whether
administrator
established
defendant
engaged
acts
practices
violative
act
entitled
right
injunction
restraining
defendant
engaging
acts
practices
whether
discretion
grant
withhold
relief
sec
act
makes
unlawful
person
sell
deliver
commodity
violation
specified
orders
regulations
administrator
regulation
issued
act
effective
may
provided
person
sell
deliver
commodity
price
higher
authorized
maximum
price
fixed
determined
regulation
since
maximum
prices
fixed
reference
earlier
base
periods
regulation
also
provided
preservation
examination
existing
records
provision
likewise
made
keeping
current
records
reflecting
sales
made
filing
maximum
prices
administrator
substantial
controversy
facts
petitioner
operates
large
department
store
washington
business
departments
store
sells
separate
line
merchandise
fall
administrator
started
investigation
determine
whether
petitioner
complying
act
regulation
investigation
check
confined
seven
departments
seven
departments
violations
disclosed
result
suit
brought
complaint
charged
violations
maximum
price
provisions
regulation
violations
regulations
governing
keeping
records
reporting
administrator
administrator
payed
injunction
enjoining
petitioner
selling
delivering
offering
sale
delivery
commodity
violation
regulation
failing
keep
complete
accurate
records
required
regulation
answer
petitioner
pleaded
among
things
failure
neglect
comply
regulation
involuntary
corrected
soon
discovered
numerous
violations
respects
prices
records
discovered
thus
six
seven
departments
investigated
occurred
may
october
sales
excess
maximum
prices
overcharges
statements
filed
administrator
deficient
items
merchandise
omitted
items
respect
records
kept
showing
maximum
prices
determined
doubt
however
petitioner
good
faith
diligence
district
found
manager
store
offered
laboratory
administrator
might
experiment
regulation
might
issued
prior
promulgation
regulation
petitioner
created
new
section
known
price
control
office
office
undertook
bring
petitioner
compliance
requirements
regulation
advance
effective
date
head
office
together
seven
assistants
devoted
full
time
endeavor
store
employees
one
million
two
hundred
thousand
articles
merchandise
furniture
departments
alone
thousand
transactions
first
ten
months
difficulties
encountered
interpreting
regulation
determining
exact
nature
article
whether
previously
sold
price
etc
absence
adequate
records
made
difficult
ascertain
prices
earlier
period
misunderstanding
regulation
confusion
part
employees
trained
problems
interpretation
administration
complexity
problem
fallibility
humans
combined
produce
numerous
errors
district
concluded
pricing
listing
made
good
faith
without
intent
violate
regulations
district
also
found
mistakes
brought
light
corrected
vigorous
steps
taken
hecht
company
prevent
recurrence
mistakes
mistakes
future
company
increased
price
control
office
employees
new
methods
internal
control
instituted
early
november
view
avoiding
future
violations
new
system
control
improved
situation
petitioner
undertook
make
repayment
overcharges
brought
light
investigation
case
customers
identified
proposed
contribute
remaining
amount
overcharges
local
charity
district
concluded
issuance
injunction
effect
way
insuring
better
compliance
future
petitioner
public
interest
accordingly
dismissed
complaint
brown
hecht
appeal
appeals
district
columbia
reversed
judgment
one
judge
dissenting
held
findings
district
supported
substantial
evidence
except
consider
whether
evidence
supported
findings
injunction
insure
better
compliance
future
unjust
petitioner
view
latter
findings
immaterial
construed
act
require
issuance
injunction
order
matter
course
violations
found
case
question
writ
certiorari
granted
importance
problem
administration
act
respondent
insists
mandatory
character
clear
language
history
purpose
argues
granted
permissive
since
section
provides
administrator
apply
injunction
injunction
granted
used
ordinary
sense
pointed
bill
act
final
form
substituted
passed
house
provided
proper
showing
injunction
order
granted
without
bond
words
proper
showing
stricken
senate
replaced
words
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administrator
person
engaged
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practices
senate
report
analysis
stated
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administrator
person
engaged
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practices
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injunction
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order
order
granted
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bond
support
view
issuance
injunction
mandatory
violations
shown
sought
pattern
federal
legislation
provides
relief
injunction
aid
law
enforcement
contain
provisions
quite
close
language
others
provide
injunction
restraining
order
shall
granted
proper
federal
district
courts
shall
jurisdiction
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violations
cause
argument
congress
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give
district
courts
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administrator
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face
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granted
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asks
injunction
order
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appear
thus
present
case
one
judge
appeals
felt
district
dismissed
complaint
entered
order
retaining
case
docket
right
administrator
notice
renew
application
injunctive
relief
violations
recurred
indeed
difficult
imagine
situations
might
fairest
course
follow
one
practically
effective
issuance
injunction
order
moreover
seem
type
order
faithful
reading
permit
issue
compliance
proceeding
however
may
seem
clear
might
deem
order
appropriate
evil
hand
one
sought
say
lacks
power
make
choice
thus
seems
falls
short
making
mandatory
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merely
administrator
asks
moreover
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reading
might
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already
referred
portion
senate
report
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support
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administrator
another
portion
report
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suits
enjoin
violations
act
common
substantially
regulatory
statutes
bill
authorizes
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charged
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act
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state
federal
order
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supra
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suggests
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congress
intended
make
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practice
unequivocal
statement
purpose
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stop
compare
provisions
requirements
federal
statutes
governing
administrative
agencies
said
make
mandatory
agencies
take
action
certain
facts
shown
exist
dealing
requirements
equity
practice
background
several
hundred
years
history
day
stated
appeal
equity
jurisdiction
conferred
federal
district
courts
appeal
sound
discretion
guides
determinations
courts
equity
meredith
city
winter
historic
injunctive
process
designed
deter
punish
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claims
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federal
state
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courts
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legislation
accordance
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practices
conditioned
necessities
public
interest
congress
sought
protect
morgan
cases
cited
mean
imply
courts
administer
grudgingly
repeat
stated
morgan
supra
page
page
respecting
judicial
review
administrative
action
agency
regarded
wholly
independent
unrelated
instrumentalities
justice
acting
performance
prescribed
statutory
duty
without
regard
appropriate
function
securing
plainly
indicated
objects
statute
agency
means
adopted
attain
prescribed
end
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action
neither
body
repeat
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mistake
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inflation
courts
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entrusted
share
responsibility
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exercised
light
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interest
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consequences
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supra
delay
indifference
may
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whether
district
abused
discretion
dismissing
complaint
question
reach
judgment
must
reversed
cause
remanded
appeals
determination
reversed
justice
frankfurter
agrees
emergency
price
control
act
apart
dispensing
requirement
bond
change
historic
conditions
exercise
courts
equity
power
issue
injunctions
according
appeals
dispose
cause
justice
roberts
opinion
judgment
appeals
reversed
district
affirmed
footnotes
sec
provided
part
otherwise
provided
general
maximum
price
regulation
seller
maximum
price
commodity
service
shall
cases
seller
dealt
similar
commodities
services
march
highest
price
charged
seller
commodity
service
charge
made
commodity
service
similar
commodity
service
nearly
like
cases
seller
deal
similar
commodities
services
march
highest
price
charged
month
closely
competitive
seller
commodity
service
charge
made
commodity
service
similar
commodity
service
nearly
like
price
charged
march
purposes
general
maximum
price
regulation
highest
price
charged
seller
march
shall
highest
price
seller
charged
commodity
delivered
service
supplied
march
seller
made
delivery
supplied
service
march
highest
offering
price
delivery
supply
month
seller
maximum
price
commodity
priced
determined
seller
pursuant
formula
prescribed
sec
entitled
records
provided
part
person
selling
commodities
services
upon
sale
person
maximum
prices
established
general
maximum
price
regulation
shall
preserve
examination
office
price
administration
existing
records
relating
prices
charged
commodities
services
delivered
supplied
march
offering
prices
delivery
supply
commodities
services
month
prepare
july
basis
available
information
records
thereafter
keep
examination
person
ordinary
business
hours
statement
showing
highest
prices
charged
commodities
services
delivered
supplied
march
offering
prices
delivery
supply
commodities
services
month
together
appropriate
description
identification
commodity
service
customary
allowances
discounts
price
differentials
sec
entitled
records
provided
person
selling
commodities
services
upon
sale
person
maximum
prices
established
general
maximum
price
regulation
shall
keep
make
available
examination
office
price
administration
records
kind
customarily
kept
relating
prices
charged
commodities
services
sold
effective
date
general
maximum
price
regulation
addition
records
showing
precisely
possible
basis
upon
determined
maximum
prices
commodities
services
sec
provided
june
every
person
offering
sell
commodities
retail
shall
file
appropriate
war
price
rationing
board
office
price
administration
statement
showing
maximum
price
commodity
together
appropriate
description
identification
statement
shall
kept
date
person
filing
first
day
every
succeeding
month
statement
maximum
price
commodity
newly
offered
sale
previous
month
together
appropriate
description
identification
commodity
sess
showing
person
engaged
engage
act
practice
permanent
temporary
injunction
decree
restraining
order
shall
granted
without
bond
investment
company
act
stat
investment
advisers
act
stat
securities
act
stat
securities
exchange
act
stat
fair
labor
standards
act
stat
national
labor
relations
act
stat
clayton
act
stat
federal
trade
commission
act
stat