kolender
lawson
argued
november
decided
may
california
statute
requires
persons
loiter
wander
streets
identify
account
presence
requested
peace
officer
california
appeal
construed
statute
require
person
provide
credible
reliable
identification
requested
police
officer
reasonable
suspicion
criminal
activity
sufficient
justify
stop
standards
terry
ohio
california
defined
credible
reliable
identification
carrying
reasonable
assurance
identification
authentic
providing
means
later
getting
touch
person
identified
appellee
arrested
convicted
statute
brought
action
federal
district
challenging
statute
constitutionality
district
held
statute
unconstitutional
enjoined
enforcement
appeals
affirmed
held
statute
drafted
construed
state
unconstitutionally
vague
face
within
meaning
due
process
clause
fourteenth
amendment
failing
clarify
contemplated
requirement
suspect
provide
credible
reliable
identification
statute
vests
virtually
complete
discretion
hands
police
determine
whether
suspect
satisfied
statute
must
permitted
go
way
absence
probable
cause
arrest
pp
affirmed
remanded
delivered
opinion
burger
brennan
marshall
blackmun
powell
stevens
joined
brennan
filed
concurring
opinion
post
white
filed
dissenting
opinion
rehnquist
joined
post
wells
petersen
deputy
attorney
general
california
argued
cause
appellants
briefs
george
deukmejian
attorney
general
robert
philibosian
chief
assistant
attorney
general
daniel
kremer
assistant
attorney
general
jay
bloom
deputy
attorney
general
mark
rosenbaum
invitation
argued
cause
amicus
curiae
support
judgment
brief
dennis
perluss
fred
okrand
mary
ellen
gale
robert
lynn
charles
sims
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
reversal
filed
william
cahalan
edward
reilly
wilson
timothy
baughman
wayne
county
prosecutor
office
wayne
schmidt
james
manak
fred
inbau
americans
effective
law
enforcement
et
al
briefs
amici
curiae
urging
affirmance
filed
eugene
iredale
california
attorneys
criminal
justice
michael
ratner
center
constitutional
rights
briefs
amici
curiae
filed
john
van
de
kamp
harry
sondheim
john
messer
appellate
committee
california
district
attorneys
association
dan
stormer
john
huerta
peter
schey
national
lawyers
guild
et
al
quin
denvir
william
blum
state
public
defender
california
justice
delivered
opinion
appeal
presents
facial
challenge
criminal
statute
requires
persons
loiter
wander
streets
provide
credible
reliable
identification
account
presence
requested
peace
officer
circumstances
justify
stop
standards
terry
ohio
conclude
statute
construed
unconstitutionally
vague
within
meaning
due
process
clause
fourteenth
amendment
failing
clarify
contemplated
requirement
suspect
provide
credible
reliable
identification
accordingly
affirm
judgment
appellee
edward
lawson
detained
arrested
approximately
occasions
march
january
pursuant
cal
penal
code
ann
west
lawson
prosecuted
twice
convicted
second
charge
dismissed
lawson
brought
civil
action
district
southern
district
california
seeking
declaratory
judgment
unconstitutional
mandatory
injunction
restrain
enforcement
statute
compensatory
punitive
damages
various
officers
detained
district
found
overbroad
person
stopped
less
probable
cause
punished
failing
identify
app
juris
statement
district
enjoined
enforcement
statute
held
lawson
recover
damages
officers
involved
acted
belief
detention
arrest
lawful
appellant
porazzo
deputy
chief
commander
california
highway
patrol
appealed
district
decision
appeals
ninth
circuit
lawson
arguing
entitled
jury
trial
issue
damages
officers
appeals
affirmed
district
determination
unconstitutionality
appellate
determined
statute
unconstitutional
violates
fourth
amendment
proscription
unreasonable
searches
seizures
contains
vague
enforcement
standard
susceptible
arbitrary
enforcement
fails
give
fair
adequate
notice
type
conduct
prohibited
finally
appeals
reversed
district
holding
lawson
entitled
jury
trial
determine
good
faith
officers
damages
action
remanded
case
district
trial
officers
appealed
portion
judgment
appeals
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probable
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ii
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lawson
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attack
facial
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state
law
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construction
state
enforcement
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report
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advisory
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civil
disorders
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fourth
amendment
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reasonable
suspicion
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justify
arrest
california
abridge
constitutional
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crime
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answer
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sixth
amendments
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appellants
claim
advances
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facilitation
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investigation
preservation
public
order
factors
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length
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davis
dunaway
appellants
show
power
arrest
impose
criminal
sanction
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power
detain
pose
questions
aegis
state
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necessary
pursuit
state
legitimate
interests
justify
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additional
intrusion
individuals
rights
compare
brief
appellants
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state
interest
detecting
preventing
crime
protecting
citizenry
criminal
acts
people
solomon
cal
app
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rptr
justified
public
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suspicion
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byers
harlan
concurring
judgment
state
interest
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making
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accident
report
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interests
extend
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balance
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goes
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saying
arrest
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sanction
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amendment
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may
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crime
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provide
identification
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suspicion
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arrests
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identification
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vindicate
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amendment
rights
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like
appellee
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pedestrian
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innocent
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encounter
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arrests
upon
commission
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attempts
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sibron
new
york
sibron
numerous
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lawson
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angeles
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detention
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amendment
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mississippi
suspect
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fingerprinting
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