rewis
argued
january
decided
april
petitioners
conducted
lottery
operation
florida
near
georgia
border
convicted
along
two
georgia
residents
placed
bets
petitioners
establishment
violating
travel
act
prohibits
interstate
travel
intent
promote
manage
establish
carry
facilitate
certain
illegal
activity
district
instructed
jury
georgia
bettors
traveled
florida
purpose
gambling
violated
act
defendant
found
guilty
aiding
abetting
statute
without
proof
personally
performed
every
act
constituting
charged
offense
appeals
reversed
convictions
georgia
bettors
holding
make
federal
crime
merely
cross
state
line
place
bet
upheld
petitioners
convictions
ground
gambling
establishment
operators
responsible
interstate
travel
customers
held
conducting
gambling
operation
frequented
bettors
without
constitute
violation
travel
act
pp
reversed
marshall
delivered
opinion
members
joined
except
white
took
part
decision
case
albert
datz
argued
cause
filed
briefs
petitioners
sidney
glazer
argued
cause
brief
solicitor
general
griswold
assistant
attorney
general
wilson
beatrice
rosenberg
michael
kelly
justice
marshall
delivered
opinion
case
petitioners
challenge
convictions
travel
act
prohibits
interstate
travel
furtherance
certain
criminal
activity
although
appeals
fifth
circuit
narrowed
expansive
interpretation
act
appeals
affirmed
petitioners
convictions
reasons
stated
reverse
petitioners
james
rewis
mary
lee
williams
convicted
along
two
defendants
district
middle
district
florida
convictions
arose
lottery
numbers
operation
petitioners
admittedly
ran
yulee
florida
small
community
located
miles
south
state
line
petitioners
florida
residents
evidence
time
crossed
state
lines
connection
operation
lottery
two
convicted
defendants
georgia
residents
traveled
georgia
homes
place
bets
petitioners
establishment
yulee
district
instructed
jury
mere
bettors
lottery
violated
florida
law
bettors
traveled
interstate
purpose
gambling
also
violated
travel
act
presumably
referring
petitioners
district
charged
defendant
found
guilty
aiding
abetting
statute
without
proof
personally
performed
every
act
constituting
charged
offense
appeal
fifth
circuit
held
make
federal
crime
merely
cross
state
line
purpose
placing
bet
reversed
convictions
two
georgia
residents
evidence
presented
trial
insufficient
show
anything
customers
gambling
operation
however
appeals
upheld
petitioners
convictions
ground
operators
gambling
establishments
responsible
interstate
travel
customers
agree
appeals
said
certainty
sufficient
justify
criminal
conviction
congress
intended
interstate
travel
mere
customers
gambling
establishment
violate
travel
act
unable
conclude
conducting
gambling
operation
frequented
bettors
violates
act
section
prohibits
interstate
travel
intent
promote
manage
establish
carry
facilitate
certain
kinds
illegal
activity
ordinary
meaning
language
suggests
traveler
purpose
must
involve
desire
patronize
illegal
activity
legislative
history
act
limited
reveal
aimed
primarily
organized
crime
specifically
persons
reside
one
state
operating
managing
illegal
activities
located
another
addition
struck
congress
say
given
ease
citizens
nation
able
travel
existence
many
multistate
metropolitan
areas
substantial
amounts
criminal
activity
traditionally
subject
state
regulation
patronized
customers
context
congress
certainly
recognize
expansive
travel
act
alter
sensitive
relationships
overextend
limited
federal
police
resources
might
well
produce
situations
geographic
origin
customers
matter
happenstance
transform
relatively
minor
state
offenses
federal
felonies
us
weigh
merits
factors
fact
even
discussed
legislative
history
strongly
suggests
congress
intend
travel
act
apply
criminal
activity
solely
activity
times
patronized
persons
another
state
short
neither
statutory
language
legislative
history
supports
interpretation
even
lack
support
less
apparent
ambiguity
concerning
ambit
criminal
statutes
resolved
favor
lenity
bell
government
concedes
much
offers
alternative
construction
travel
act
act
violated
whenever
operator
illegal
establishment
reasonably
foresee
customers
cross
state
lines
purpose
patronizing
illegal
operation
whenever
operator
actively
seeks
attract
business
another
state
first
half
proposed
interpretation
reasonable
foreseeability
interstate
patronage
merit
acceptance
whenever
individuals
actually
cross
state
lines
purpose
patronizing
criminal
establishment
almost
always
reasonable
say
operators
establishment
foreseen
customers
come
state
practical
purposes
alternative
construction
almost
expansive
interpretations
already
rejected
addition
little
evidence
congress
intended
foreseeability
govern
criminal
liability
may
however
greater
support
second
half
government
proposed
interpretation
active
encouragement
interstate
patronage
violates
act
course
conduct
deemed
constitute
active
encouragement
must
merely
conducting
illegal
operation
otherwise
interpretation
restate
constructions
rejected
still
cases
federal
courts
correctly
applied
individuals
whose
agents
employees
cross
state
lines
furtherance
illegal
activity
see
chambers
barrow
cert
denied
zizzo
cert
denied
government
argues
principles
decisions
extended
cover
persons
actively
seek
interstate
patronage
although
cited
cases
gone
far
although
much
said
casts
substantial
doubt
government
broad
argument
may
occasional
situations
conduct
encouraging
interstate
patronage
closely
approximates
conduct
principal
criminal
agency
relationship
travel
act
violated
need
rule
part
government
theory
interpretation
petitioners
convicted
jury
charged
must
find
petitioners
actively
sought
interstate
patronage
informed
action
petitioners
actually
conducting
lottery
designed
attract
customers
result
government
proposed
interpretation
travel
act
employed
uphold
convictions
reversed
footnotes
petitioners
convicted
eight
substantive
violations
conspiracy
violate
section
petitioner
rewis
sentenced
five
years
imprisonment
count
run
concurrently
petitioner
williams
sentenced
three
years
imprisonment
count
run
concurrently
subject
parole
petitioner
rewis
also
convicted
two
counts
failed
purchase
wagering
tax
stamp
latter
two
convictions
reversed
appeals
intervening
decisions
marchetti
grosso
provides
whoever
commits
offense
aids
abets
counsels
commands
induces
procures
commission
punishable
principal
whoever
willfully
causes
act
done
directly
performed
another
offense
punishable
principal
government
sought
review
part
appeals
decision
reversing
conviction
two
georgia
residents
parties
correctly
concede
questions
case
solely
statutory
issue
constitutional
dimension
presented
incorporated
senate
report
dated
july
following
appears
bill
introduced
chairman
committee
senator
james
eastland
april
recommendation
attorney
general
robert
kennedy
part
attorney
general
legislative
program
combat
organized
crime
racketeering
attorney
general
testified
committee
support
bill
june
commented
seeking
take
effective
action
racketeer
conducts
unlawful
business
lives
far
scene
comfort
safety
well
hoodlums
let
say
outset
seek
intend
impede
travel
anyone
except
persons
engaged
illegal
businesses
spelled
bill
target
clearly
organized
crime
travel
banned
travel
furtherance
business
enterprise
involves
gambling
liquor
narcotics
prostitution
offenses
extortion
bribery
obviously
trying
curtail
sporadic
casual
involvement
offenses
rather
continuous
course
conduct
sufficient
termed
business
enterprise
investigations
also
made
quite
clear
federal
government
shut
funds
permit
top
men
organized
crime
live
far
scene
therefore
remain
immune
local
officials