atlantic
cleaners
dyers
argued
april
decided
may
dale
drain
alvin
newmyer
washington
appellants
john
asst
atty
justice
sutherland
delivered
opinion
suit
brought
appellants
enjoin
continuing
district
columbia
alleged
combination
conspiracy
restraint
trade
commerce
cleaning
dyeing
otherwise
renovating
clothes
contrary
section
sherman
act
stat
title
usca
appellants
answered
setting
affirmatively
engaged
solely
performance
labor
rendering
service
cleaning
dyeing
renovating
wearing
apparel
articles
passed
hands
ultimate
consumers
thereof
constitute
trade
commerce
within
meaning
act
upon
motion
answer
stricken
files
ground
matter
pleaded
valid
defense
appellants
elected
stand
upon
answers
decree
entered
prayed
case
comes
appeal
provisions
act
february
stat
title
usca
swift
california
canneries
upon
facts
stand
admitted
affirmatively
pleaded
answers
sole
question
determined
whether
within
meaning
section
sherman
act
appellants
engaged
trade
commerce
district
columbia
facts
established
carrying
business
cleaning
dyeing
renovating
wearing
apparel
plants
located
district
part
cases
principally
wholesale
pursuant
contracts
engagements
numerous
retail
dyers
cleaners
maintain
shops
district
receiving
public
clothing
cleaned
dyed
otherwise
renovated
appellants
angust
met
together
district
agreed
raise
current
prices
charged
cleaning
dyeing
renovating
clothes
formulated
agreed
upon
certain
minimum
uniform
prices
thereafter
charge
receive
performance
service
agreed
assign
allot
one
another
retail
dyers
cleaners
thereupon
held
respectively
exclusive
customers
agreement
maintain
prices
assign
allot
customers
carried
effect
section
sherman
act
usca
provide
follows
every
contract
combination
form
trust
otherwise
conspiracy
restraint
trade
commerce
among
several
foreign
nations
declared
illegal
every
contract
combination
form
trust
otherwise
conspiracy
restraint
trade
commerce
territory
district
columbia
restraint
trade
commerce
territory
another
territory
territories
state
district
columbia
foreign
nations
district
columbia
state
foreign
nations
declared
illegal
words
describing
activity
declared
illegal
sections
namely
trade
commerce
contention
behalf
appellants
words
identical
receive
construction
section
preceding
section
section
rests
solely
commerce
clause
constitution
words
commerce
section
broader
single
word
used
clause
commerce
include
business
carried
appellants
assuming
deciding
acts
charged
involved
interstate
transactions
appellants
come
within
provisions
section
scope
words
commerce
must
limited
constitutional
power
regulate
commerce
follow
words
contained
section
given
like
limited
construction
words
different
shades
meaning
consequently
may
variously
construed
occur
different
statutes
used
statute
even
section
undoubtedly
natural
presumption
identical
words
used
different
parts
act
intended
meaning
courtauld
legh
exch
presumption
rigid
readily
yields
whenever
variation
connection
words
used
reasonably
warrant
conclusion
employed
different
parts
act
different
intent
words
refer
several
places
used
conditions
different
scope
legislative
power
exercised
one
case
broader
exercised
another
meaning
well
may
vary
meet
purposes
law
arrived
consideration
language
purposes
expressed
circumstances
language
employed
see
state
knowles
md
henry
trustees
ohio
feder
goetz
james
et
al
city
newberg
et
county
seat
linn
county
unusual
word
used
different
meanings
act
rule
statutory
construction
precludes
courts
giving
word
meaning
legislature
intended
instance
louisville
gaines
thus
example
meaning
word
used
several
times
federal
constitution
differs
according
connection
employed
depending
upon
character
function
body
instance
called
upon
exercise
smiley
holm
ed
decided
april
constitution
power
regulate
commerce
conferred
words
commerce
clause
respect
foreign
commerce
interstate
commerce
yet
power
exercised
respect
foreign
commerce
may
broader
exercised
interstate
commerce
regulation
foreign
commerce
embargo
admissible
reasonably
thought
respect
legitimate
unobjectionable
articles
embargo
admissible
regulation
interstate
commerce
since
primary
purpose
clause
respect
latter
secure
freedom
commercial
intercourse
among
see
groves
et
al
slaughter
pet
southern
steamship
company
portwardens
wall
buttfield
stranahan
compare
russell
motor
car
section
passed
specific
power
regulate
commerce
meaning
necessarily
must
limited
scope
power
may
words
regarded
synonymous
hand
section
far
relates
exclusively
district
columbia
passed
power
regulate
interstate
foreign
commerce
since
provision
section
deals
commerce
restraint
trade
purely
local
character
power
exercised
gives
vitality
provision
plenary
power
legislate
district
columbia
conferred
article
cl
constitution
clause
congress
possesses
every
appropriate
national
power
addition
powers
legislation
may
exercised
state
dealing
affairs
long
provisions
constitution
infringed
capital
traction
company
hof
undoubtedly
extensive
power
within
competency
congress
prohibit
penalize
acts
appellants
charged
question
whether
section
done
consideration
history
period
immediately
preceding
accompanying
passage
sherman
act
mischief
remedied
well
general
trend
debate
houses
sanctions
conclusion
congress
meant
deal
comprehensively
effectively
evils
resulting
contracts
combinations
conspiracies
restraint
trade
end
exercise
power
possessed
passing
section
congress
exercise
power
conferred
commerce
clause
passing
section
unlimited
power
except
restricted
provisions
constitution
therefore
free
interpret
section
dissociated
section
though
separate
independent
act
thus
viewed
rule
statutory
construction
prevents
giving
word
full
meaning
extended
two
meanings
whichever
best
manifest
legislative
purpose
see
hartwell
wall
sacramento
nav
salz
perceive
reason
holding
congress
used
phrase
trade
section
narrow
sense
true
word
often
employed
importing
traffic
buying
selling
exchanging
commodities
also
true
frequently
generally
word
used
broader
sense
pointed
schooner
nymph
sumn
fed
cas
construing
section
coasting
fishery
act
stat
usca
declares
licensed
ship
shall
employed
licensed
shall
forfeited
justice
story
case
said
argument
claimant
insists
used
restrictive
sense
equivalent
traffic
goods
buying
selling
commerce
exchange
clearly
opinion
true
sense
word
used
section
first
place
word
often
indeed
generally
used
broader
sense
equivalent
occupation
employment
business
whether
manual
mercantile
wherever
occupation
employment
business
carried
purpose
profit
gain
livelihood
liberal
arts
learned
professions
constantly
called
trade
thus
constantly
speak
art
mystery
trade
housewright
shipwright
tailor
blacksmith
though
may
sometimes
carried
without
buying
selling
goods
like
view
taken
pollock
bank
india
wilson
exch
div
see
also
buckelew
martens
err
app
american
laundry
campbell
motion
picture
op
union
think
word
used
section
sherman
trust
act
general
sense
attributed
justice
story
least
broad
enough
include
acts
government
complains
decree
affirmed
footnotes
one
earliest
decisions
common
law
diers
case
henry
pl
arose
time
henry
weaver
bound
moderate
consideration
follow
craft
within
town
limited
time
expiration
time
however
necessities
sent
back
loom
action
damages
brought
learned
judge
deciding
case
held
obligation
void
quite
evidently
considered
criminal
well
display
feeling
said
obligation
void
contrary
common
law
plaintiff
go
prison
paid
fine
king
even
century
two
later
rule
respect
contracts
restrain
trade
become
less
strict
mitchell
reynolds
peere
williams
parker
referring
diers
case
approved
indignation
judge
manner
expressing