munsingwear argued october decided november sued respondent alleged violations regulation seeking separate counts injunction treble damages agreement second count held abeyance pending trial final determination suit injunction holding respondent prices complied regulation district dismissed complaint appeal pending commodity involved decontrolled appeals dismissed appeal mootness acquiesced dismissal made motion vacate judgment district dismissed action treble damages ground matter res judicata held dismissal sustained pp issues parties suits district jurisdiction parties subject matter judgment injunction suit remaining unmodified case falls squarely within rule res judicata southern pacific pp dismissal appeal ground mootness deprivation review case appeals warrant exception established rule even though statutory right review appeals pp protected rights moving appeals vacate judgment remand direction dismiss slept rights failing obtain relief pp appeals affirmed order district dismissing res judicata suit violation price regulation granted certiorari affirmed melvin richter argued cause brief solicitor general perlman assistant attorney general morison stanley silverberg paul sweeney john palmer argued cause respondent brief mackall justice douglas delivered opinion filed complaint two counts respondent alleging violations regulation fixing maximum price commodities respondent sold first count prayed injunction second sought treble damages agreement pretrial order second count held abeyance pending trial final determination suit injunction procedure followed respects another suit treble damages raising issues covering later period district held respondent prices complied regulation accordingly dismissed complaint supp appealed judgment appeals appeal pending commodity involved decontrolled respondent moved dismiss appeal ground case become moot appeals granted motion dismissed appeal mootness respondent moved district dismiss treble damage actions ground unreversed judgment district injunction suit res judicata actions motion granted district directing treble damage actions dismissed appeal appeals divided vote affirmed controversy suits concerned proper pricing formula applicable respondent commodities maximum price regulation question issue determined injunction suit parties suit suits treble damages question district injunction suit jurisdiction parties subject matter judgment remains unmodified start case falls squarely within classic statement rule res judicata southern pacific general principle announced numerous cases right question fact distinctly put issue directly determined competent jurisdiction ground recovery disputed subsequent suit parties privies even second suit different cause action right question fact determined must parties privies taken conclusively established long judgment first suit remains unmodified result unless dismissal appeal ground mootness deprivation review case appeals warrant exception established rule absence right appeal held johnson wharton make difference determination first suit binding second suit different claim petitioner argues case distinguishable congress provided appeal contends right appeal protected rigors res judicata must alleviated concededly judgment first suit binding subsequent ones appeal though available taken perfected wilson executor deen hubbell said prevented obtaining review entitled treated review argument hardship contrary rule presented estoppel urged authorities advanced support view res judicata apply situation see reason creating exception hardship case preventable established practice dealing civil case federal system become moot way pending decision merits reverse vacate judgment remand direction dismiss said duke power greenwood county duty appellate procedure clears path future relitigation issues parties eliminates judgment review prevented happenstance procedure followed rights parties preserved none prejudiced decision statutory scheme preliminary case made motion vacate judgment acquiesced dismissal avail remedy preserve rights denial motion vacate bring case supervisory power judgments lower federal courts broad one see stat walling reuter already indicated commonly utilized precisely situation prevent judgment unreviewable mootness spawning legal consequences case therefore one slept rights asks us orderly procedure done case illustrates hardship res judicata need providing terminal points litigation affirmed footnotes become standard disposition federal civil cases new orleans flour inspectors glover modifying berry davis steamship board public utility commissioners compania general de tabacos de filipinas commercial cable burleson alaska steamship heitmuller stokes atherton mills johnston brownlow schwartz alejandrino quezon norwegian nitrogen tariff commission anchor coal sprunt son hargis bradford mahan hume railroad commission texas macmillan coyne prouty first union trust savings bank consumers danciger oil refining smith mills novelty hammond clock schiff bracken leader apex hosiery woodring short route bridge retail food clerks managers union union premier food stores long island lighting montgomery ward brotherhood locomotive firemen enginemen toledo engineers public service hodge tulsa county election board philadelphia far federal civil cases concerned exceptions practice recent years see cantos styer uyeki styer pan american airways grace schenley distilling anderson