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powell
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brown
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written
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grossest
discrimination
lie
treating
things
different
though
exactly
alike
jenness
fortson
political
stability
although
appeals
discuss
state
interest
political
stability
primary
justification
advanced
respondent
district
asserted
respondent
brief
explains
state
substantial
interest
protecting
two
major
political
parties
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feuding
brief
respondent
according
respondent
candidate
decision
abandon
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win
party
primary
run
independent
damaging
state
political
party
structure
anderson
decision
run
independent
respondent
argues
threatened
splinter
ohio
republican
party
drawing
away
activists
work
independent
campaign
see
ohio
asserted
interest
political
stability
amounts
desire
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existing
political
parties
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campaign
workers
voter
support
campaign
resources
generated
independent
candidates
previously
affiliated
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evaluation
interest
guided
two
prior
cases
williams
rhodes
storer
brown
williams
rhodes
squarely
held
protecting
republican
democratic
parties
external
competition
justify
virtual
exclusion
political
aspirants
political
arena
addressing
ohio
claim
may
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promote
system
order
encourage
compromise
political
stability
wrote
fact
however
ohio
system
merely
favor
system
favors
two
particular
parties
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democrats
effect
tends
give
complete
monopoly
course
reason
two
parties
retain
permanent
monopoly
right
people
vote
competition
ideas
governmental
policies
core
electoral
process
first
amendment
freedoms
new
parties
struggling
place
must
time
opportunity
organize
order
meet
reasonable
requirements
ballot
position
old
parties
past
williams
rhodes
hand
storer
brown
upheld
two
california
statutory
provisions
restricted
access
independent
candidates
general
election
ballot
california
law
person
run
independent
november
defeated
party
primary
year
registered
political
party
within
one
year
prior
year
primary
election
stated
california
apparently
believes
founding
fathers
splintered
parties
unrestrained
factionalism
may
significant
damage
fabric
government
destruction
political
stability
system
state
profound
consequences
entire
citizenry
approved
state
goals
discouraging
independent
candidacies
prompted
political
goals
pique
personal
quarrel
thus
storer
recognized
legitimacy
state
interest
preventing
splintered
parties
unrestrained
factionalism
suggest
political
party
invoke
powers
state
assure
monolithic
control
members
supporters
political
competition
draws
resources
away
major
parties
reason
alone
condemned
unrestrained
factionalism
instead
storer
examined
two
challenged
provisions
context
california
electoral
system
requiring
candidate
remain
intraparty
competition
disaffiliation
deadline
passed
giving
conclusive
effect
winnowing
process
performed
party
members
primary
election
challenged
provisions
essential
part
general
state
policy
aimed
maintaining
integrity
various
routes
ballot
moreover
pointed
policy
involves
discrimination
independents
storer
supra
ohio
challenged
restriction
substantially
different
california
provisions
upheld
storer
noted
early
filing
deadline
discriminate
independents
deadline
neither
sore
loser
provision
disaffiliation
statute
furthermore
important
recognize
storer
upheld
state
interest
avoiding
political
fragmentation
context
elections
wholly
within
boundaries
california
state
interest
regulating
nationwide
presidential
election
nearly
strong
state
singlehandedly
assure
political
stability
presidential
context
ohio
deadline
serve
state
interest
maintaining
integrity
various
routes
ballot
presidency
ohio
presidential
preference
primary
serve
narrow
field
general
election
major
party
candidate
loses
ohio
primary
even
run
ohio
may
nonetheless
appear
november
general
election
ballot
party
nominee
addition
national
scope
competition
delegates
presidential
nominating
conventions
assures
intraparty
feuding
continue
august
generally
early
filing
deadline
precisely
drawn
protect
parties
intraparty
feuding
whatever
legitimacy
state
goal
may
presidential
election
deadline
designed
keep
intraparty
competition
within
party
structure
coverage
broad
narrow
true
case
applied
candidate
previously
competed
party
primaries
sought
run
independent
early
deadline
applies
broadly
independent
candidates
affiliated
recent
past
political
party
hand
long
decision
run
made
march
deadline
ohio
prohibit
independent
candidacies
persons
formerly
affiliated
political
party
currently
participating
intraparty
competition
regardless
effect
political
party
structure
moreover
early
deadline
filing
independent
may
actually
impair
state
interest
preserving
party
harmony
professor
bickel
perceptively
observed
characteristic
american
third
party
consists
group
people
tried
exert
influence
within
one
major
parties
failed
later
decide
work
outside
early
qualifying
date
tend
force
groups
create
minor
parties
without
first
attempting
influence
course
taken
major
one
dissident
group
put
choice
foregoing
primary
prenomination
activity
organizing
separately
early
election
year
losing
opportunity
action
third
party
later
bickel
supra
conclude
ohio
march
filing
deadline
independent
candidates
office
president
justified
state
asserted
interest
protecting
political
stability
even
pursuing
legitimate
interest
state
may
choose
means
unnecessarily
restrict
constitutionally
protected
liberty
dunn
blumstein
precision
regulation
must
touchstone
area
closely
touching
precious
freedoms
naacp
button
state
open
less
drastic
way
satisfying
legitimate
interests
may
choose
legislative
scheme
broadly
stifles
exercise
fundamental
personal
liberties
kusper
pontikes
iv
began
inquiry
noting
primary
concern
interest
candidate
anderson
rather
interests
voters
chose
associate
together
express
support
anderson
candidacy
views
espoused
realistic
appraisal
extent
nature
burdens
ohio
placed
voters
freedom
choice
freedom
association
election
nationwide
importance
unquestionably
outweigh
state
minimal
interest
imposing
march
deadline
judgment
appeals
reversed
footnotes
person
desiring
become
independent
candidate
office
candidates
may
nominated
primary
election
except
persons
desiring
become
independent
joint
candidates
offices
governor
lieutenant
governor
shall
file
later
four
day
day
primary
election
immediately
preceding
general
election
candidacy
voted
voters
statement
candidacy
nominating
petition
provided
section
revised
code
ohio
rev
code
ann
supp
anderson
name
entered
republican
primary
ohio
made
decision
run
independent
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competed
unsuccessfully
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republican
primaries
nevertheless
parties
agree
timely
withdrawal
ohio
primary
avoided
application
state
sore
loser
statute
ohio
rev
code
ann
supp
disqualifies
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ran
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party
primary
running
independent
general
election
see
supp
sd
ohio
appeals
denied
motion
expedited
appeal
respondent
filed
petition
writ
certiorari
judgment
together
motion
expedite
consideration
petition
motion
petition
denied
election
november
even
though
election
case
moot
see
storer
brown
america
votes
handbook
contemporary
american
election
statistics
appeals
quite
properly
concluded
summary
affirmances
sweetenham
gilligan
pratt
begley
rather
slender
reed
rest
decision
often
recognized
precedential
effect
summary
affirmance
extends
precise
issues
presented
necessarily
decided
actions
summary
disposition
affirms
judgment
may
read
action
essential
sustain
judgment
illinois
elections
bd
socialist
workers
party
mandel
bradley
see
fusari
steinberg
burger
concurring
neither
sweetenham
pratt
involved
filing
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presidential
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juris
statement
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independent
candidates
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statement
sweetenham
rhodes
independent
candidates
governor
ohio
house
representatives
sweetenham
arose
review
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grant
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place
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nominating
petitions
two
half
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party
nominees
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primary
appeals
acknowledged
remand
mandel
bradley
supra
control
case
plaintiff
sought
run
independent
candidate
senator
maryland
challenged
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code
provision
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early
filing
deadline
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signature
requirement
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parties
addressed
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filing
date
standing
alone
district
improperly
relied
prior
summary
affirmance
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failed
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examination
merits
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factual
findings
remand
district
found
early
filing
deadline
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plaintiff
bradley
mandel
supp
md
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considered
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state
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state
interests
see
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rhodes
bullock
carter
lubin
panish
illinois
elections
bd
socialist
workers
party
supra
see
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rhodes
right
form
party
advancement
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goals
means
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election
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concurring
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state
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substance
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elections
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party
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means
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office
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fortson
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party
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white
cf
storer
brown
mandel
bradley
remand
assess
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process
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raiding
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election
rosario
rockefeller
cf
kusper
pontikes
also
upheld
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eligibility
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goals
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amendment
values
see
clements
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justice
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may
seek
election
state
legislature
persons
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state
county
offices
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another
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american
party
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white
supra
illinois
elections
bd
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workers
party
supra
blackmun
concurring
cf
mississippi
university
women
hogan
professor
bickel
written
never
evident
unforeseen
occurrences
early
portion
election
year
fundamentally
affect
political
expectations
administrative
reasons
cutoff
date
sometime
little
capricious
laws
force
commitment
act
within
without
major
parties
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two
upheaval
president
johnson
withdrawal
march
many
important
primaries
mention
event
assassination
robert
kennedy
june
bickel
reform
continuity
five
individuals
able
qualify
independent
presidential
candidates
ohio
inclusion
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negate
burden
imposed
associational
rights
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hall
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party
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party
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griswold
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clark
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party
barry
commoner
citizen
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represented
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parties
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party
provisions
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code
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amendment
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rev
standpoint
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storer
brown
although
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state
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see
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brief
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liberties
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curiae
bickel
supra
see
bradley
mandel
findings
fact
district
remand
bullock
carter
noted
disparity
voting
power
created
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candidate
filing
fees
described
reference
discrete
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segments
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protection
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number
voters
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fees
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also
tribe
american
constitutional
law
professor
tribe
explains
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candidate
eligibility
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possible
eligible
candidate
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perspective
might
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choice
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elections
supra
addition
interests
minor
parties
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represented
state
legislatures
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decisionmaking
may
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judicial
scrutiny
see
generally
carolene
products
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democracy
distrust
theory
judicial
review
see
generally
key
politics
parties
pressure
groups
ed
professor
bickel
observed
minor
parties
led
flank
major
parties
still
followed
opinion
middle
time
middle
moved
one
major
parties
occupy
ground
reconnoitered
minor
party
outlet
frustration
often
creative
force
sort
conscience
ideological
governor
keep
major
parties
speeding
abyss
mindlessness
even
technique
strengthening
group
bargaining
position
future
minor
party
invented
come
existence
regularly
enough
bickel
supra
constitution
expressly
delegates
authority
regulate
selection
presidential
electors
art
ii
see
mcpherson
blacker
emphasized
must
reject
notion
art
ii
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power
impose
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right
vote
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expressly
prohibited
constitutional
provisions
williams
rhodes
district
recognized
case
goal
voters
plaintiff
eisenstat
anderson
appear
ballot
amass
enough
electoral
votes
elect
anderson
ohio
deadline
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anderson
place
ballot
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largest
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anderson
reach
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total
pool
electoral
votes
may
compete
nationwide
electors
approximately
district
columbia
filing
deadlines
independent
presidential
candidates
occur
august
september
deadlines
number
june
july
anderson
barred
early
filing
deadlines
ohio
four
succeeded
obtaining
orders
requiring
placement
ballot
five
see
supra
importance
interest
made
clear
constitutional
convention
delegates
debated
extensively
means
selecting
president
alternatives
received
attention
early
debates
appointment
national
legislature
election
people
large
former
made
impossible
guarantee
independent
executive
election
people
also
disfavored
part
concern
ignorance
populace
qualified
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williams
rhodes
supra
harlan
concurring
result
electoral
college
created
permit
knowledgeable
members
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choose
executive
nation
whose
continental
dimensions
thought
preclude
informed
choice
citizenry
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see
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life
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marshall
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lockridge
literacy
colonial
new
england
soltow
stevens
rise
literacy
common
school
socioeconomic
analysis
pp
cf
oregon
mitchell
upholding
act
congress
forbidding
disqualify
voters
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elections
failure
meet
state
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analysis
applies
appeals
assertion
state
promotes
informed
voter
choices
assuring
voters
apprised
date
certain
options
reasoning
assumes
relevant
point
decision
occurs
march
although
voter
actually
required
make
final
choice
among
eligible
candidates
november
moreover
matter
practical
politics
electoral
process
contains
cure
voters
ignorance
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unknown
candidates
simply
win
large
numbers
votes
key
goal
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campaign
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candidate
name
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electorate
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course
ohio
permits
votes
independents
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noted
opportunity
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substitute
candidate
name
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printed
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procedure
et
without
filing
fee
adequate
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california
present
requirement
realities
electoral
process
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strongly
suggest
access
via
votes
falls
far
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access
terms
name
candidate
ballot
candidate
relegated
provision
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rest
chances
solely
upon
voters
remember
name
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step
writing
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lubin
panish
appeals
recognized
significance
flexibility
results
able
make
later
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concluded
right
select
nominee
presidency
convention
conducted
late
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possessed
political
party
right
possessed
nominee
personally
contrast
reasoned
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candidacy
existence
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interest
flexibility
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appeals
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desire
support
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candidacy
rationale
simply
bearing
state
asserted
equality
interest
respondent
conceded
district
nominating
petitions
filed
march
remain
unprocessed
office
june
transmits
county
boards
election
boards
begin
verify
signatures
period
july
july
finally
secretary
state
certify
names
presidential
candidates
including
independents
inclusion
ballot
late
august
party
nominating
conventions
according
district
based
stipulated
facts
appears
days
necessary
perform
tasks
particular
interest
political
stability
must
confused
interest
implicated
rules
designed
prevent
party
raiding
see
supra
interest
sufficient
sustain
challenged
restriction
rosario
rockefeller
applicable
party
primaries
case
involves
restrictions
access
general
election
ballot
interest
justifies
rule
disqualifying
person
voted
party
primary
signing
petition
supporting
candidacy
independent
rule
reflects
policy
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voter
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act
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van
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