kent
dulles
argued
april
decided
june
time
act
congress
required
passport
foreign
travel
citizens
state
national
emergency
declared
president
proclamation
necessary
make
act
effective
made
secretary
state
denied
passports
petitioners
alleged
communistic
beliefs
associations
refusal
file
affidavits
concerning
present
past
membership
communist
party
held
secretary
authorized
deny
passports
reasons
act
july
immigration
nationality
act
pp
right
travel
part
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citizen
deprived
without
due
process
law
fifth
amendment
pp
broad
power
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issue
passports
long
considered
discretionary
construed
generally
authorize
refusal
passport
applicant
citizen
person
owing
allegiance
engaging
criminal
unlawful
conduct
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hesitates
impute
congress
made
passport
necessary
foreign
travel
left
issuance
discretion
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state
purpose
give
unbridled
discretion
withhold
passport
citizen
substantive
reason
may
choose
question
concerning
exercise
war
power
involved
case
citizen
liberty
travel
regulated
must
pursuant
functions
congress
delegation
power
must
subject
adequate
standards
delegated
authority
narrowly
construed
act
july
immigration
nationality
act
delegate
secretary
authority
withhold
passports
citizens
beliefs
associations
act
congress
purporting
raise
grave
constitutional
questions
pp
act
congress
expressly
curtailing
movement
communists
across
borders
internal
security
act
yet
become
effective
communist
party
registered
act
effect
final
order
board
requiring
leonard
boudin
argued
cause
petitioners
brief
victor
rabinowitz
david
rein
daniel
marshall
also
brief
briehl
petitioner
solicitor
general
rankin
argued
cause
respondent
brief
assistant
attorney
general
doub
samuel
slade
jenkins
middleton
osmond
fraenkel
william
butler
filed
brief
american
civil
liberties
union
amicus
curiae
justice
douglas
delivered
opinion
case
concerns
two
applications
passports
denied
secretary
state
one
rockwell
kent
desired
visit
england
attend
meeting
organization
known
world
council
peace
helsinki
finland
director
passport
office
informed
kent
issuance
passport
precluded
regulations
promulgated
secretary
state
two
grounds
communist
consistent
prolonged
adherence
communist
party
line
letter
denial
specified
detail
facts
conclusions
based
kent
also
advised
right
informal
hearing
regulations
also
told
whether
hearing
requested
necessary
passport
issued
submit
affidavit
whether
ever
communist
kent
ask
hearing
filed
new
passport
application
listing
several
european
countries
desired
visit
advised
hearing
still
available
attorney
replied
kent
took
position
requirement
affidavit
concerning
communist
party
membership
unlawful
reason
matter
conscience
supply
one
however
hearing
principal
evidence
book
lord
kent
agreed
accurate
refused
submit
affidavit
maintaining
matters
unrelated
question
citizenship
irrelevant
department
consideration
application
department
advised
consideration
application
given
satisfied
requirements
regulations
thereupon
kent
sued
district
declaratory
relief
district
granted
summary
judgment
respondent
appeal
case
kent
heard
walter
briehl
psychiatrist
briehl
applied
passport
director
passport
office
asked
supply
affidavit
covering
membership
communist
party
briehl
like
kent
refused
director
tentatively
disapproved
application
following
grounds
case
alleged
communist
specifically
alleged
member
los
angeles
county
communist
party
member
bookshop
association
louis
missouri
held
communist
party
meetings
contributed
articles
communist
publication
social
work
today
sponsor
raise
funds
veterans
abraham
lincoln
brigade
calling
president
petition
defend
rights
communist
party
members
contributed
civil
rights
congress
bail
fund
used
raising
bail
behalf
convicted
communist
leaders
new
york
city
member
hollywood
arts
sciences
professions
council
contact
los
angeles
committee
protection
foreign
born
contact
freedom
stage
incorporated
briehl
filed
complaint
district
held
case
indistinguishable
kent
dismissed
complaint
appeals
heard
two
cases
en
banc
affirmed
district
divided
vote
app
cases
writ
certiorari
first
noted
function
passport
performed
american
law
case
urtetiqui
pet
decided
law
manner
regulating
issuing
passports
directing
upon
evidence
may
done
declaring
legal
effect
understood
matter
practice
evidence
citizenship
required
secretary
state
issuing
passport
however
entirely
discretionary
inquiry
instituted
ascertain
fact
citizenship
proceedings
manner
bear
character
judicial
inquiry
document
nature
object
addressed
foreign
powers
purporting
request
bearer
may
pass
safely
freely
considered
rather
character
political
document
bearer
recognized
foreign
countries
american
citizen
usage
law
nations
received
evidence
fact
prior
numerous
laws
enacted
congress
regulating
passports
many
decisions
rulings
regulations
executive
department
concerning
thus
congress
made
unlawful
official
knowingly
issue
passport
alien
certifying
citizen
stat
prior
termination
war
made
illegal
citizen
cross
frontier
enemy
territory
board
vessels
enemy
waters
visit
camps
within
limits
without
passport
first
obtained
secretary
state
designated
official
stat
secretary
state
took
similar
steps
civil
war
see
dept
state
american
passport
congress
ratified
treaty
switzerland
requiring
passports
citizens
two
nations
stat
finally
congress
enacted
remains
today
basic
passport
statute
prior
time
various
federal
officials
state
local
officials
notaries
public
undertaken
issue
either
certificates
citizenship
documents
nature
letters
introduction
foreign
officials
requesting
treatment
according
usages
international
law
act
august
stat
congress
put
end
practices
provision
codified
act
july
part
reads
secretary
state
may
grant
issue
passports
rules
president
shall
designate
prescribe
behalf
person
shall
grant
issue
verify
passports
true
intervals
passport
required
travel
mention
already
made
restrictions
imposed
war
civil
war
like
restriction
forerunner
contained
act
imposed
congress
act
may
stat
made
unlawful
presidential
proclamation
force
citizen
leave
enter
unless
bears
valid
passport
see
sess
statute
invoked
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proclamation
august
stat
continued
effect
march
stat
act
effective
wartime
amended
invoked
emergency
stat
see
sess
invoked
presidential
proclamation
november
stat
emergency
continued
april
proc
stat
congress
extended
statutory
provisions
april
stat
extension
period
secretary
state
issued
regulations
complained
act
predecessor
large
body
precedents
grew
repeat
issuance
passports
discretionary
act
part
secretary
state
scholars
courts
chief
executive
attorneys
general
said
executive
construction
enough
said
warrant
inference
congress
adopted
see
allen
grand
central
aircraft
key
problem
shall
see
manner
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discretion
exercised
bare
fact
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right
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part
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deprived
without
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process
law
fifth
amendment
much
conceded
solicitor
general
law
right
emerging
least
early
magna
carta
chafee
three
human
rights
constitution
et
shows
deeply
engrained
history
freedom
movement
freedom
movement
across
frontiers
either
direction
inside
frontiers
well
part
heritage
travel
abroad
like
travel
within
country
may
necessary
livelihood
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close
heart
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choice
eats
wears
reads
freedom
movement
basic
scheme
values
see
crandall
nevada
wall
williams
fears
edwards
california
nation
wrote
chafee
thrived
principle
outside
areas
plainly
harmful
conduct
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left
shape
life
thinks
best
pleases
go
pleases
freedom
movement
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social
values
chafee
put
foreign
correspondents
lecturers
public
affairs
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information
scientists
scholars
gain
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countries
students
equip
fruitful
careers
instruction
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universities
reasons
close
core
personal
life
marriage
reuniting
families
spending
hours
old
friends
finally
travel
abroad
enables
american
citizens
understand
people
like
live
europe
helps
public
issues
american
crossed
ocean
obliged
form
opinions
foreign
policy
merely
told
officials
government
correspondents
american
newspapers
moreover
views
domestic
questions
enriched
seeing
foreigners
trying
solve
similar
problems
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ways
direct
contact
countries
contributes
sounder
decisions
home
see
vestal
freedom
movement
iowa
rev
difficulty
power
secretary
state
issuance
passports
expressed
broad
terms
apparently
long
exercised
quite
narrowly
far
material
cases
refusal
passports
generally
fell
two
categories
first
questions
pertinent
citizenship
applicant
allegiance
resolved
secretary
command
congress
passport
shall
granted
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verified
persons
owing
allegiance
whether
citizens
stat
second
question
whether
applicant
participating
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conduct
trying
escape
toils
law
promoting
passport
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otherwise
engaging
conduct
violate
laws
see
moore
digest
international
law
hackworth
digest
international
law
hyde
international
law
rev
ed
grounds
refusal
asserted
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allegiance
one
hand
criminal
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conduct
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far
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fairly
argued
adopted
congress
light
prior
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practice
one
find
records
state
department
rulings
subordinates
covering
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range
activities
two
indicated
respects
communists
scattered
rulings
consistently
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pattern
say
assurance
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may
practice
time
act
july
adopted
administrative
practice
far
relevant
jelled
around
two
categories
mentioned
therefore
hesitate
impute
congress
made
passport
necessary
foreign
travel
left
issuance
discretion
secretary
state
purpose
give
unbridled
discretion
grant
withhold
passport
citizen
substantive
reason
may
choose
restrictive
regulations
applied
war
measures
compelled
equate
present
problem
statutory
construction
problems
may
arise
war
power
cf
youngstown
sheet
tube
sawyer
case
comparable
magnitude
korematsu
allowed
government
time
war
exclude
citizens
homes
restrict
freedom
movement
showing
gravest
imminent
danger
public
safety
congress
chief
executive
moved
coordinated
action
said
nation
war
condition
presently
exists
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extremity
showing
joint
action
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executive
congress
curtail
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right
citizen
made
since
start
exercise
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citizen
activity
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protection
readily
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congress
gave
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state
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grant
withhold
dealing
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questions
entrusted
chief
executive
constitution
different
case
involved
part
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issuance
passport
carries
implication
intention
extend
bearer
diplomatic
protection
though
request
may
concern
permit
safely
freely
pass
case
need
give
lawful
aid
protection
citizen
function
passport
subordinate
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function
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control
exit
seen
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exit
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right
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within
word
liberty
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fifth
amendment
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congress
youngstown
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tube
sawyer
supra
power
delegated
standards
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adequate
pass
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accepted
tests
see
panama
refining
ryan
cf
cantwell
connecticut
niemotko
maryland
activities
enjoyment
natural
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necessary
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citizen
travel
involved
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delegated
powers
curtail
dilute
see
ex
parte
endo
cf
hannegan
esquire
rumely
hesitate
find
broad
generalized
power
authority
trench
heavily
rights
citizen
thus
reach
question
constitutionality
conclude
delegate
secretary
kind
authority
exercised
deal
beliefs
associations
ideological
matters
must
remember
dealing
citizens
neither
accused
crimes
found
guilty
denied
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movement
solely
refusal
subjected
inquiry
beliefs
associations
seek
escape
law
violate
may
may
communists
assuming
law
congress
passed
expressly
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movement
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across
borders
yet
become
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therefore
strange
infer
pending
effectiveness
law
secretary
silently
granted
congress
larger
pervasive
power
curtail
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movement
citizens
order
satisfy
beliefs
associations
repeat
deal
constitutional
right
citizen
right
must
assume
congress
faithful
respect
faced
important
constitutional
questions
hold
congress
given
secretary
authority
withhold
passports
citizens
beliefs
associations
congress
made
provision
explicit
terms
absent
one
secretary
may
employ
standard
restrict
citizens
right
free
movement
reversed
footnotes
section
regulations
provides
stage
proceedings
passport
division
board
deemed
necessary
applicant
may
required
part
application
subscribe
oath
affirmation
statement
respect
present
past
membership
communist
party
applicant
communist
refusal
passport
case
without
proceedings
sections
act
september
known
internal
security
act
stat
provide
shall
unlawful
communist
organization
registered
act
effect
final
order
board
requiring
organization
register
member
knowledge
registry
order
apply
passport
official
issue
one
conditions
precedent
yet
materialized
section
provides
relevant
part
war
existence
national
emergency
proclaimed
president
president
shall
find
interests
require
restrictions
prohibitions
addition
provided
otherwise
section
imposed
upon
departure
persons
entry
shall
make
public
proclamation
thereof
shall
otherwise
ordered
president
congress
unlawful
alien
depart
enter
attempt
depart
enter
except
reasonable
rules
regulations
orders
subject
limitations
exceptions
president
may
prescribe
person
knowingly
make
false
statement
application
permission
depart
enter
intent
induce
secure
granting
permission
either
another
proclamation
provided
subsection
made
published
proclamation
force
shall
except
otherwise
provided
president
subject
limitations
exceptions
president
may
authorize
prescribe
unlawful
citizen
depart
enter
attempt
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enter
unless
bears
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proc
stat
see
op
atty
dept
reg
effective
august
fed
reg
see
hyde
international
law
rev
ed
hackworth
digest
international
law
see
perkins
elg
exec
order
june
apr
june
mar
fed
reg
cfr
present
provision
last
listed
reads
part
follows
secretary
state
authorized
discretion
refuse
issue
passport
restrict
passport
use
certain
countries
restrict
use
certain
countries
withdraw
cancel
passport
already
issued
withdraw
passport
purpose
restricting
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use
certain
countries
department
however
feel
secretary
state
exercise
discretion
willfully
without
cause
acting
secretary
wilson
wrote
april
issuance
passports
discretionary
act
part
secretary
state
may
reasons
deemed
sufficient
direct
refusal
passport
american
citizen
passport
refused
american
citizen
even
character
doubtful
unless
reason
believe
put
passports
improper
unlawful
use
foreign
relations
pt
ii
see
moore
digest
international
law
freund
administrative
powers
persons
property
practice
clear
department
state
acts
upon
theory
must
grant
passport
unless
circumstance
making
duty
refuse
attitude
indeed
intolerable
mean
executive
power
political
character
individuals
quite
harmony
traditional
american
legislative
practice
op
atty
op
atty
article
reads
follows
shall
lawful
person
future
go
kingdom
return
safely
securely
land
water
saving
allegiance
us
unless
time
war
short
space
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good
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prisoners
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according
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land
people
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war
us
merchants
shall
treated
said
see
jaffe
op
cit
supra
sibley
passport
system
soc
comp
leg
blackstone
commentaries
use
foreign
travel
promote
educational
interests
reviewed
francis
colligan
dept
state
bull
see
note
supra
justice
clark
justice
burton
justice
harlan
justice
whittaker
concur
dissenting
august
acting
authority
vested
executive
order
cfr
secretary
state
issued
regulations
question
provides
passport
applicant
may
required
make
statement
oath
respect
present
past
membership
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party
cfr
since
congress
required
every
passport
application
contain
true
recital
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fact
may
required
rules
secretary
state
requirement
must
satisfied
efore
passport
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person
stat
context
background
secretary
asked
petitioners
refused
file
affidavits
stating
whether
ever
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party
thereupon
secretary
refused
consider
petitioners
applications
time
filed
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action
clearly
must
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authorized
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requested
information
relevant
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upon
secretary
might
properly
refuse
issue
passport
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today
preclude
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holding
secretary
authorized
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passport
communist
whose
travel
abroad
inimical
national
security
thus
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authority
secretary
recognizes
history
discretion
grant
withhold
passports
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consolidated
power
passports
hands
secretary
stat
statutory
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power
come
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acknowledged
perkins
elg
exercised
times
peace
periods
war
war
periods
national
emergency
however
importance
secretary
passport
power
tremendously
magnified
succession
statutes
making
possession
passport
legal
necessity
leaving
entering
country
first
enacted
prior
end
war
made
illegal
citizen
cross
frontier
enemy
territory
without
passport
stat
result
accomplished
civil
war
without
congressional
sanction
moore
digest
international
law
world
war
prompted
passage
second
statute
stat
statute
directly
antecedent
presently
controlling
legislation
provided
time
war
upon
public
proclamation
president
public
safety
required
additional
travel
restrictions
citizen
depart
enter
country
without
passport
shortly
thereafter
president
wilson
made
required
proclamation
public
necessity
provided
citizen
granted
passport
unless
affirmatively
appeared
departure
entry
prejudicial
interests
proc
stat
legislative
history
act
sharply
indicates
congress
meant
secretary
deny
passports
whose
travel
abroad
contrary
national
security
act
came
floor
house
representatives
accompanied
following
explanation
report
house
committee
foreign
affairs
sess
supervision
travel
american
citizens
essential
appeared
statements
made
committee
hearing
upon
bill
one
case
mentioned
citizen
recently
returned
europe
knowledge
government
done
work
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country
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government
strong
suspicion
came
proper
purpose
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exclude
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leaving
country
saw
fit
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sufficient
warrant
institution
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prosecution
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securing
legal
evidence
place
activities
europe
may
easily
imagined
essential
meet
situation
executive
wide
discretion
wide
authority
action
one
foresee
different
means
may
adopted
hostile
nations
secure
military
information
spread
propaganda
discontent
obviously
impracticable
appeal
congress
legislation
new
emergency
swift
executive
action
effective
counterstroke
committee
informed
representatives
executive
departments
need
prompt
legislation
character
suggested
pressing
recently
numerous
suspicious
departures
cuba
impossible
prevent
individual
cases
entry
departure
various
points
excited
greatest
anxiety
particularly
true
respect
mexican
border
passage
across
legally
restricted
many
types
persons
reasonably
suspected
aiding
germany
purposes
government
much
hampered
lack
authority
control
travel
country
even
people
suspected
loyal
even
suspect
employ
enemy
governments
cong
rec
ports
open
far
law
concerned
alien
friends
citizens
neutrals
come
go
pleasure
notwithstanding
government
may
suspect
conduct
intention
individuals
come
go
id
chief
object
bill
correct
serious
trouble
department
state
department
justice
department
labor
aliens
alien
enemies
renegade
american
citizens
sorry
say
entering
nests
cuba
mexican
border
enter
depart
without
power
departments
government
intercept
delay
law
covers
case
believed
information
goes
germany
war
preparations
transportation
troops
france
passes
mexico
government
great
deal
trouble
along
border
everyday
occurrence
emergency
measure
great
bill
supplementary
espionage
laws
necessary
efficient
execution
detecting
punishing
german
spies
cong
rec
secretary
understood
exercised
passport
power
period
evident
two
state
department
documents
memorandum
secretary
state
dated
november
declared
assistance
way
passport
facilities
government
may
render
person
working
either
directly
indirectly
behalf
soviet
government
help
soviet
government
memorandum
applicants
passports
bolshevists
connected
bolshevist
government
code
accordingly
recommended
passports
refused
person
counsels
advocates
publicly
privately
overthrow
organized
governments
force
id
among
examples
stated
embers
communist
party
id
two
weeks
later
state
department
published
office
instructions
dated
december
embassies
throughout
world
implementing
code
prohibiting
issuance
passports
anarchists
revolutionary
radicals
expressly
included
among
proscribed
classes
citizens
believe
advocate
overthrow
force
violence
government
well
members
affiliated
organization
believes
advocates
overthrow
terms
war
statute
act
expired
march
see
stat
travel
controls
existed
year
congress
amended
act
provide
controls
national
emergency
proclaimed
president
may
president
find
publicly
proclaim
interest
required
restrictions
reimposed
stat
shortly
thereafter
president
roosevelt
invoked
authority
stat
implementing
regulations
issued
state
department
cfr
legislative
history
amendment
clear
act
purpose
legislation
use
passport
power
secretary
block
travel
country
persons
whose
passage
best
interests
security
report
senate
committee
judiciary
sess
declared
since
outbreak
present
war
come
attention
department
state
executive
departments
many
persons
outside
directly
engaged
espionage
subversive
activities
interests
foreign
governments
others
engaged
activities
inimical
best
interests
desire
travel
time
time
foreign
countries
connection
activities
national
emergency
amendment
related
officially
declared
end
april
proc
stat
congress
continued
provisions
act
effect
april
stat
interim
period
congress
passed
immigration
nationality
act
repealed
act
amended
stat
act
amending
extent
provisions
subject
invocation
existence
national
emergency
proclaimed
president
stat
practically
legislative
history
incorporation
statute
act
apart
comment
house
report
provisions
incorporated
bill
practically
form
appear
act
may
sess
reason
legislative
history
act
amendment
set
detail
doubly
important
ascertaining
intent
congress
authority
secretary
deny
passports
act
cf
plesha
time
act
national
emergency
proclaimed
president
truman
december
response
korean
conflict
still
today
existence
proc
stat
reliance
president
invoked
travel
restrictions
january
proc
stat
proclamation
done
carefully
pointed
none
provisions
interpreted
revoking
regulation
heretofore
issued
relating
departure
persons
entry
id
among
regulations
theretofore
issued
attacked
relating
issuance
passports
communists
promulgated
effective
august
shortly
passage
act
fed
reg
congress
virtue
act
approved
whatever
use
discretion
secretary
made
prior
june
date
legislation
conclusion
necessarily
follows
fact
continued
make
legal
exit
entry
turn
possession
passport
without
way
limiting
discretionary
passport
power
theretofore
exercised
secretary
see
allen
grand
central
aircraft
cerecedo
hermanos
compania
determines
secretary
denial
passports
peacetime
extended
two
categories
cases
involving
allegiance
involving
criminal
activity
secretary
wartime
exercise
discretion
admittedly
restrictive
relevance
practice
congress
said
approved
since
present
denials
involve
grounds
either
allegiance
criminal
activity
concludes
beyond
pale
congressional
authorization
propositions
set
vital
final
conclusion
neither
validity
first
contrary
fact
second
common
sense
peacetime
practice
state
department
indisputably
involved
denial
passports
reasons
national
security
report
commission
government
security
summarizes
department
policy
granting
passports
communists
excerpts
state
department
documents
shortly
russian
revolution
department
became
aware
scope
danger
worldwide
revolutionary
movement
attendant
purpose
overthrow
existing
governments
including
thereafter
passports
refused
american
communists
desired
go
abroad
indoctrination
instruction
etc
policy
continued
emphasis
added
world
war
ii
persons
refused
passports
communists
world
war
ii
first
passports
refused
upon
reconsideration
matter
decision
made
passports
issued
communists
supporters
communism
satisfied
department
intend
abroad
engage
promotion
communist
activities
time
however
decided
passports
refused
persons
whose
purpose
traveling
abroad
believed
subvert
interest
later
policy
changed
give
communist
journalists
passports
even
though
actively
promoting
communist
cause
nearly
two
years
later
september
latter
leniency
reversed
pointed
internal
security
act
clearly
showed
desire
congress
communists
issued
passports
government
matter
referred
department
legal
adviser
agreed
duty
state
department
refuse
passports
communists
including
journalists
evidence
peacetime
denials
security
reasons
scattered
nevertheless
existent
much
centers
around
opposition
internal
security
act
one
stated
aims
legislation
denial
passports
communists
minority
report
senate
committee
judiciary
objected
done
existing
discretionary
powers
secretary
state
evidenced
recent
denial
cancellation
passport
paul
robeson
part
sess
president
truman
vetoing
act
stated
claimed
bill
deny
passports
communists
fact
government
deny
passports
communists
existing
law
cong
rec
attorney
general
hoar
advised
secretary
state
good
reason
existed
passport
power
discretionary
nature
might
sometimes
inexpedient
public
interests
country
grant
passport
citizen
op
atty
example
referred
case
avowed
anarchist
person
seek
passport
public
interests
might
require
application
denied
ibid
see
also
op
atty
orders
promulgated
passport
office
periodically
required
denial
passports
political
adventurers
revolutionary
radicals
latter
phrase
defined
include
wish
go
abroad
take
part
political
military
affairs
foreign
countries
ways
contrary
policy
inimical
welfare
see
shortly
end
world
war
passport
office
instructions
may
passport
office
instructions
july
foreign
service
regulations
july
even
serious
error
determination
secretary
wartime
use
discretion
wholly
irrelevant
determining
discretionary
practices
approved
congress
enactment
wholly
realistic
sense
peace
today
peace
times
state
national
emergency
declared
president
wherein
stated
world
conquest
communist
imperialism
goal
forces
aggression
loosed
upon
world
increasing
menace
forces
communist
aggression
requires
national
defense
strengthened
speedily
possible
full
effect
proc
stat
case
judging
may
done
peace
done
war
professor
jaffe
aptly
exposed
fallacy
upon
majority
proceeds
criterion
defense
country
external
enemies
asserted
precedents
war
relevance
peace
critical
consideration
defense
external
enemy
communication
abroad
citizens
enemy
nature
controlled
usual
criminal
process
facts
particular
case
citizen
intention
inevitably
speculative
done
bird
flown
congress
administration
concluded
communist
international
foreign
domestic
enemy
deal
domestic
aspect
criminal
process
seem
justified
dealing
external
aspect
exit
control
avowed
communist
going
abroad
may
assumed
take
counsel
fellows
arrange
steady
dependable
flow
cash
information
bit
promote
purposes
conspiracy
jaffe
right
travel
passport
problem
foreign
affairs
indeed
rather
irrelevant
wartime
practice
may
relevant
one
discretion
concerned
discretionary
control
international
travel
yet
times
war
national
emergency
passport
required
leave
enter
country
hence
times
passport
power
necessarily
meant
power
control
travel
finally
distinguishing
away
secretary
passport
denials
wartime
majority
makes
attempt
distinguish
secretary
practice
periods
official
state
war
nevertheless
presidential
proclamation
national
emergency
effect
situation
prevailed
since
end
world
war
ii
throughout
time
pointed
secretary
refused
passports
whose
purpose
traveling
abroad
believed
subvert
interest
report
commission
government
security
supra
numerous
specific
instances
passport
denials
security
grounds
years
reported
february
law
review
article
nearly
half
year
prior
passage
note
passport
refusals
political
reasons
yale
multiple
basis
constrained
disagree
majority
authority
secretary
deny
petitioners
applications
passports
majority
resolution
authority
question
prevents
reaching
constitutional
issues
raised
petitioners
relating
claimed
unlawful
delegation
legislative
power
violation
free
speech
association
first
amendment
violation
international
travel
fifth
amendment
view
inappropriate
dissenter
consider
questions
time
cf
peters
hobby
accordingly
affirm
issue
secretary
authority
require
affidavits
involved
case
without
reaching
constitutional
questions
seriously
disputed
majority
however
reference
made
reluctance
interpret
broadly
practice
secretary
approved
congress
act
denial
passports
security
grounds
jelled
time
act
overlooks
congressional
intent
statute
statute
look
abundant
evidence
set
opinion
security
denials
well
comprehensive
story
communism
america
indicating
necessity
passport
control
see
hoover
masters
deceit
effect
see
statement
senator
kilgore
senate
debate
act
cong
rec
amendment
offered
act
house
cong
rec
senate
cong
rec
peacetime
exercise
passport
power
may
still
relevant
another
point
view
namely
countries
hinge
entry
possession
passport
right
international
travel
citizen
secure
passport
thereby
curtailed
though
get
country
get
another