coleman
miller
argued
decided
june
robert
stone
topeka
rolla
coleman
olathe
petitioners
clarence
beck
topeka
respondents
robert
jackson
sol
amicus
curiae
special
leave
chief
justice
hughes
delivered
opinion
june
congress
proposed
amendment
constitution
known
child
labor
amendment
january
legislature
kansas
adopted
resolution
rejecting
proposed
amendment
certified
copy
resolution
sent
secretary
state
january
resolution
known
concurrent
tion
introduced
senate
kansas
ratifying
proposed
amendment
forty
senators
resolution
came
consideration
twenty
senators
voted
favor
adoption
twenty
voted
lieutenant
governor
presiding
officer
senate
cast
vote
favor
resolution
resolution
later
adopted
house
representatives
vote
majority
members
original
proceeding
mandamus
brought
kansas
members
senate
including
twenty
senators
voted
resolution
three
members
house
representatives
compel
secretary
senate
erase
endorsement
resolution
effect
adopted
senate
endorse
thereon
words
passed
restrain
officers
senate
house
representatives
signing
resolution
secretary
state
kansas
authenticating
delivering
governor
petition
challenged
right
lieutenant
governor
cast
deciding
vote
senate
petition
also
set
forth
prior
rejection
proposed
amendment
alleged
period
june
march
amendment
rejected
houses
legislatures
ratified
five
reason
rejection
failure
ratification
within
reasonable
time
proposed
amendment
lost
vitality
alternative
writ
issued
later
senate
passed
resolution
directing
attorney
general
enter
appearance
state
represent
state
interests
might
appear
answers
filed
behalf
defendants
state
plaintiffs
made
reply
found
dispute
facts
entertained
action
held
lieutenant
governor
authorized
cast
deciding
vote
proposed
amendment
retained
original
vitality
resolution
duly
passed
house
representatives
senate
act
ratification
proposed
amendment
legislature
kansas
final
complete
writ
mandamus
accordingly
denied
granted
certiorari
jurisdiction
authority
issue
writ
certiorari
challenged
upon
ground
petitioners
standing
seek
judgment
state
reviewed
hence
urged
writ
certiorari
dismissed
unable
accept
view
state
held
jurisdiction
right
parties
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action
beyond
state
thus
determined
substance
members
legislature
standing
seek
jurisdiction
grant
mandamus
compel
proper
record
legislative
action
questions
solely
state
questions
matter
ended
questions
raised
instant
case
arose
federal
constitution
questions
entertained
decided
state
arose
article
constitution
alone
conferred
power
amend
determined
manner
power
exercised
hawke
smith
leser
garnett
whether
questions
thus
raised
decided
deemed
justiciable
political
exclusively
federal
questions
state
questions
find
cases
cited
support
contention
petitioners
lack
adequate
interest
invoke
jurisdiction
review
inapplicable
plaintiffs
include
twenty
senators
whose
votes
ratification
overridden
virtually
held
naught
although
right
contentions
votes
sufficient
defeat
ratification
think
senators
plain
direct
adequate
interest
maintaining
effectiveness
votes
petitioners
come
directly
within
provisions
statute
governing
appellate
jurisdiction
set
claimed
right
privilege
constitution
votes
given
effect
state
denied
right
privilege
validity
state
statute
assailed
remedy
appeal
available
sec
appropriate
remedy
writ
certiorari
granted
sec
contention
contrary
answered
decisions
hawke
smith
supra
leser
garnett
supra
hawke
smith
supra
plaintiff
error
suing
elector
state
ohio
taxpayer
elector
county
hamilton
behalf
others
similarly
situated
filed
petition
injunction
state
restrain
secretary
state
spending
public
money
preparing
printing
ballots
submission
referendum
electors
question
ratification
eighteenth
amendment
federal
constitution
demurrer
petition
sustained
lower
judgment
affirmed
intermediate
appellate
state
entertained
jurisdiction
holding
state
erred
deciding
state
authority
require
submission
ratification
referendum
reversed
judgment
leser
garnett
supra
qualified
voters
state
maryland
brought
suit
state
names
certain
women
stricken
list
qualified
voters
ground
constitution
maryland
limited
suffrage
men
nineteenth
amendment
federal
constitution
validly
ratified
state
took
jurisdiction
appeals
state
affirmed
judgment
dismissing
petition
granted
certiorari
question
jurisdiction
said
petitioners
contended
several
grounds
amendment
become
part
federal
constitution
trial
overruled
contentions
dismissed
petition
judgment
affirmed
appeals
state
md
md
case
comes
writ
error
writ
must
dismissed
petition
writ
certiorari
also
duly
filed
granted
laws
maryland
authorized
suit
qualified
voter
board
registry
whether
nineteenth
amendment
come
part
federal
constitution
question
presented
decision
holding
official
notice
secretary
state
duly
authenticated
action
legislatures
whose
alleged
ratifications
assailed
conclusive
upon
secretary
state
proclamation
accordingly
ratification
conclusive
upon
courts
affirmed
judgment
state
question
jurisdiction
leser
garnett
supra
decided
upon
deliberate
consideration
sufficiently
shown
fact
motion
dismiss
writ
error
want
jurisdiction
opposition
grant
certiorari
decision
striking
day
opinion
immediately
preceding
prepared
jurisdiction
denied
federal
district
columbia
suit
citizens
taxpayers
members
voluntary
association
organized
support
constitution
sought
nineteenth
amendment
declared
unconstitutional
enjoin
secretary
state
proclaiming
ratification
attorney
general
taking
steps
enforce
fairchild
hughes
held
plaintiffs
alleged
interest
question
submitted
afford
basis
proceeding
plaintiffs
right
possessed
every
citizen
require
government
administered
according
law
public
moneys
wasted
general
right
entitle
private
citizen
bring
suit
one
question
federal
courts
difficult
imagine
situation
adequacy
petitioners
interest
invoke
appellate
jurisdiction
leser
garnett
supra
sharply
presented
effort
distinguish
case
ground
plaintiffs
qualified
voters
maryland
hence
complain
admission
registry
alleged
qualified
futile
interest
plaintiffs
leser
garnett
supra
merely
qualified
voters
general
elections
certainly
much
less
impressive
interest
twenty
senators
instant
case
mere
controversy
question
relates
legislative
action
deriving
force
solely
provisions
federal
constitution
twenty
senators
qualified
vote
question
ratification
votes
lieutenant
governor
excluded
part
legislature
purpose
decisive
defeating
ratifying
resolution
opinion
hawke
smith
leser
garnett
supra
controlling
authorities
view
wide
range
discussion
taken
may
refer
instances
question
constitutes
sufficient
interest
enable
one
invoke
appellate
jurisdiction
involved
principle
applicant
must
show
legal
interest
controversy
maintained
applied
repeatedly
cases
municipal
corporations
challenged
state
legislation
affecting
alleged
rights
obligations
creatures
state
municipal
corporations
standing
invoke
contract
clause
provisions
fourteenth
amendment
constitution
opposition
creator
recognition
legitimate
interest
public
officials
administrative
commissions
federal
state
resist
endeavor
prevent
enforcement
statutes
relation
official
duties
urgent
deficiencies
interstate
commerce
commission
commissions
representing
interested
intervened
entitled
parties
appeal
decree
setting
aside
order
interstate
commerce
commission
though
refuses
join
appeal
interstate
commerce
commission
may
grant
certiorari
application
federal
trade
commission
review
decisions
setting
aside
orders
federal
trade
commission
curtis
publishing
company
analogous
provisions
authorize
certiorari
review
decisions
national
labor
relations
board
national
labor
relations
board
jones
laughlin
corporation
section
judicial
code
injunction
sought
restrain
enforcement
statute
state
order
administrative
board
commission
upon
ground
invalidity
federal
constitution
right
direct
appeal
decree
required
three
judges
accorded
whether
injunction
granted
denied
hence
case
injunction
granted
state
board
entitled
appeal
see
example
south
carolina
highway
department
barnwell
brothers
question
authority
grant
certiorari
application
state
officers
review
decisions
state
courts
declaring
state
statutes
officers
seek
enforce
repugnant
federal
constitution
carefully
considered
jurisdiction
class
cases
sustained
original
judiciary
act
provided
section
review
judgment
state
drawn
question
validity
statute
authority
exercised
state
ground
repugnant
constitution
treaties
laws
decision
favour
validity
claim
federal
right
denied
act
december
provided
may
review
certiorari
decisions
state
courts
sustaining
federal
right
present
statute
governing
jurisdiction
certiorari
contains
corresponding
provision
may
exercise
jurisdiction
well
federal
claim
sustained
denied
section
plain
purpose
provide
opportunity
deemed
important
appropriate
review
decisions
state
courts
constitutional
questions
however
state
might
decide
accordingly
claim
complainant
state
officer
restrained
enforcing
state
statute
constitutional
invalidity
sustained
state
statute
enables
state
officer
seek
reversal
decision
blodgett
silberman
granted
certiorari
application
state
tax
commissioner
connecticut
sought
review
decision
errors
state
far
denied
right
created
statute
tax
transfer
certain
securities
placed
safekeeping
new
york
ground
within
taxing
jurisdiction
connecticut
entertaining
jurisdiction
reversed
judgment
respect
page
page
question
received
careful
consideration
case
boynton
attorney
general
hutchinson
gas
company
kansas
held
state
statute
repugnant
federal
constitution
attorney
general
state
applied
certiorari
application
opposed
upon
ground
merely
official
interest
controversy
decisions
invoked
upon
government
relies
challenging
jurisdiction
instant
case
importance
contrary
usual
practice
directed
oral
argument
question
whether
certiorari
granted
argument
upon
mature
deliberation
granted
writ
writ
subsequently
dismissed
failure
record
show
service
summons
severance
upon
appellees
state
parties
proceedings
boynton
hutchinson
gas
decision
respect
scope
jurisdiction
followed
later
cases
morehead
new
york
ex
rel
tipaldo
granted
certiorari
application
warden
city
prison
review
decision
appeals
state
habeas
corpus
ruling
minimum
wage
law
state
violated
federal
constitution
decided
case
merits
kelly
washington
ex
rel
foss
company
granted
certiorari
application
state
authorities
charged
enforcement
state
law
relating
inspection
regulation
vessels
review
decision
state
holding
statute
invalid
application
navigable
waters
concluded
state
act
permissible
field
operation
decision
state
holding
statute
completely
unenforceable
deference
federal
law
reversed
class
cases
exercised
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jurisdiction
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state
officers
may
said
recognize
equate
interest
controversy
reason
duty
enforce
state
statutes
validity
drawn
question
none
cases
said
state
officers
invoking
jurisdiction
sustaining
damage
one
asserts
mere
right
citizen
taxpayer
complain
alleged
invalid
outlay
public
moneys
standing
invoke
jurisdiction
federal
courts
frothingham
mellon
sustained
immediate
substantial
right
resident
taxpayer
invoke
interposition
equity
enjoin
illegal
use
moneys
municipal
corporation
crampton
zabriskie
frothingham
mellon
supra
heim
mccall
took
jurisdiction
writ
error
sued
property
owner
taxpayer
given
standing
state
purpose
reviewing
decision
sustaining
validity
federal
constitution
state
statute
applied
contracts
construction
public
works
city
new
york
enforcement
alleged
involve
irreparable
loss
city
hence
inimical
interests
taxpayer
smiley
holm
granted
certiorari
application
one
well
assailed
federal
constitution
state
statute
establishing
congressional
districts
passing
upon
merits
held
function
state
legislature
prescribing
time
place
manner
holding
elections
representatives
congress
article
section
function
veto
power
state
governor
participates
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constitution
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power
course
making
state
laws
accordingly
reversed
judgment
state
took
jurisdiction
certiorari
similar
case
new
york
petitioners
voters
state
sought
mandamus
compel
secretary
state
new
york
certify
representatives
congress
elected
congressional
districts
defined
concurrent
resolution
senate
assembly
legislature
state
construing
provision
federal
constitution
contemplating
exercise
power
sustained
defense
concurrent
resolution
ineffective
submitted
governor
approval
refused
writ
mandamus
affirmed
judgment
koenig
flynn
light
course
decisions
find
departure
principle
recognizing
instant
case
least
twenty
senators
whose
votes
contention
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resolution
ratifying
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constitutional
amendment
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state
basis
entertaining
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questions
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give
jurisdiction
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participation
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contend
light
powers
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governor
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state
constitution
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state
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constitution
permitted
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vote
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whether
contention
presents
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political
nature
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upon
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upon
point
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time
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state
legislature
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congress
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support
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amendment
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power
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upon
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despite
previous
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view
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prescribed
congress
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reject
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die
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ratify
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urged
effect
exhaustion
state
power
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ascribed
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state
act
either
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legislature
historic
instances
cited
thirteenth
amendment
rejected
legislature
new
jersey
subsequently
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question
become
important
ratification
requisite
number
already
proclaimed
question
arise
connection
adoption
fourteenth
amendment
legislatures
georgia
north
carolina
south
carolina
rejected
amendment
november
december
new
governments
erected
others
direction
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new
legislatures
ratified
amendment
north
carolina
july
south
carolina
july
georgia
july
ohio
new
jersey
first
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resolution
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secretary
state
communicate
list
union
whose
legislatures
ratified
fourteenth
article
secretary
seward
report
attention
called
action
ohio
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jersey
july
secretary
seward
issued
proclamation
reciting
ratification
including
north
carolina
south
carolina
ohio
new
jersey
stating
appeared
ohio
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since
passed
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secretary
certified
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ohio
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jersey
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force
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following
day
congress
adopted
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reciting
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ratified
list
including
north
carolina
south
carolina
ohio
new
jersey
declared
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amendment
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secretary
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seward
july
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mentioned
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adding
georgia
thus
political
departments
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previous
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north
carolina
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carolina
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respective
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amendment
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efficacy
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state
legislatures
light
previous
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political
departments
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authority
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constitution
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action
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speaking
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respect
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department
state
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constitution
adopted
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secretary
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official
notice
secretary
state
state
legislature
adopted
resolution
ratification
see
warrant
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interference
performance
duty
see
leser
garnett
supra
page
page
serious
question
whether
proposal
congress
amendment
lost
vitality
lapse
time
hence
ratified
kansas
legislature
argument
petitioners
stresses
fact
nearly
thirteen
years
elapsed
proposal
ratification
question
said
amendment
proposed
definitely
adverse
popular
sentiment
end
rejection
houses
legislatures
sixteen
ratification
four
aggressive
campaign
started
favor
amendment
reply
urged
congress
fix
limit
time
ratification
unreasonably
long
time
elapsed
since
submission
conditions
gave
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amendment
eliminated
prevalence
child
labor
diversity
state
laws
disparity
administration
resulting
competitive
inequalities
continued
exist
reference
also
made
fact
number
treated
amendment
still
pending
proceedings
national
government
indications
view
said
fourteen
ratifications
four
one
three
held
congress
proposing
amendment
may
fix
reasonable
time
ratification
dillon
gloss
sustained
action
congress
providing
proposed
eighteenth
amendment
inoperative
unless
ratified
within
seven
years
limitation
time
ratification
provided
instant
case
either
proposed
amendment
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submission
petitioners
contend
absence
limitation
congress
decide
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dillon
gloss
supra
said
nothing
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suggested
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open
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time
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many
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strong
suggestion
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relatively
period
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within
reasonable
time
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considerations
cogent
reasons
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dillon
gloss
supra
congress
power
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whenever
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exercised
power
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upon
responsibility
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stitutes
reasonable
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question
involved
dillon
gloss
supra
accordance
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said
must
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light
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judicial
determination
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california
wisconsin
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georgia
indiana
kansas
maine
massachusetts
minnesota
missouri
new
hampshire
pennsylvania
south
carolina
tennessee
texas
utah
vermont
rejected
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south
dakota
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kentucky
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montana
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maryland
rejected
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refusals
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colorado
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iowa
michigan
new
jersey
north
dakota
ohio
oklahoma
oregon
washington
west
virginia
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minnesota
new
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wyoming
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indiana
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ratifications
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kentucky
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refusals
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nevada
new
mexico
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kansas
rejected
massachusetts
rejected
refused
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ratifications
rejections
refusals
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six
included
list
alabama
louisiana
mississippi
nebraska
new
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rhode
island
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alabama
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louisiana
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another
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