chicago wellman argued decided february action thomas wellman chicago grand trunk railway company recover damages refusal carry passenger verdict judgment plaintiff affirmed state defendant brings error affirmed statement justice brewer legislature state michigan passed act public acts year pages among things section howell statutes part railroad law state amended far affects matters controversy enough quote ninth paragraph referring powers liabilities railroad companies follows regulate time maner passengers property shall transported tolls compensation paid therefor compensation transporting passenger ordinary baggage exceeding weight pounds shall exceed following prices viz distance exceeding five miles three cents per mile distances companies gross earnings whose ger trains reported commissioner railroads year one thousand eight hundred equaled exceed sum per mile road operated said company two cents per mile companies earnings whose passenger trains reported aforesaid less per mile road operated said company two half cents per mile companies whose earnings reported aforesaid less per mile road operated said company three cents per mile prior thereto regular fare charged plaintiff error road port huron battle creek distance miles day law took affect october defendant error plaintiff went defendant office port huron tendered ticket place battle creek refused thereupon brought action damages railroad company promptly answered november less two months time law went effect case tried verdict judgment entered favor defendant error sum mount sufficient take case higher trial agreed railroad company earnings passenger trains year exceeded per mile capital stock fully paid bonded debt bearing per cent half per cent interest payable semiannually capital stock mortgage debt represented actual amount paid corporation railroad property time worth capital stock mortgage debt addition mortgage debt floating debt amount following tabulated statement earnings expeuses year admitted correct total earnings income defendant sources year amount received passenger traffic sum freight traffic sum miscellaneous sources total defendant operatiog expenses year interest paid bonds necessary expenses including interest part unfunded debt rental cars tracks etc addition foregoing expenses defendant paid year earnings account interest bonds paid previous years addition agreed statement facts two witnesses called one traffic manager treasurer plaintiff error testimony substantially view competition prevailing chicago business impossible increase freight rates charged company throw volume business hands competing roads upon agreed statement testimony alone railroad company asked instruction act referred unconstitutiona refused instruction exception refusal give instruction solitary one taken trial proceeded charge jury act question valid plaintiff entitled verdict judgment reason failure defendant comply provisions charge exceptions taken case went state single exception stated sustained ruling trial affirmed judgment reveise judgment railroad company sued writ error meddaugh geo edmunds plaintiff error wm mitchell wellman ellis atty state michigan justice brewer stating facts foregoing language delivered opinion single question presented record whether trial facts presented erred refusing instruct matter law act unconstitutional noticed act interfere rates freight simply regulates passenger fares also agreement freight tates changed increase revenues therefrom evidence opinion two gentlemen doubtless well informed worthy credit increase freight rates inexpedient futile tend diminish rather increase income freight question submitted jury whether believed increase freight rates work reduction income freight even whether believed reduction passenger tariff battle creek port huron increase travel increase earnings therefrom asked peremptorily charge jury law fixing passenger rate unconstitutional words instruction asked amounted matter law opinion two witnesses effect raising freight tariff upon earnings conclusive like matter law reduction passenger tariffs increase amount passenger business increase revenues contrary diminish earnings therefrom reduction operate far diminish earnings road prevent payment operating expenses fixed charges therefore act unconstitutional application company else legislature power respect matter act prescribing maximum rates necessarily unconstitutional although rates authorized might high enable every company pay therefrom expenses large dividends stockholders connection worthy note agreed statement previous passenger rate port huron battle creek rate pre mile defendant uniformly charged persons transportation upon road yet report defendant made state business year invited counsel examine appears average rate fare per mile passengers less maximum rate fixed act question circumstances erred peremptorily refusing instruct jury act fixing maximum rate two cents per mile unconstitutional validity law nature dependent upon ipinion two witnesses however well qualified testify must jury accept opinions finality must declared matter law reduction rates necessarily diminishes income may experience suggest reduction rates increase amount business therefore earnings rate must assume effect ignoring considerations hold matter law reduction rates necessarily diminishes earnings vaildity law application particular company depends upon question fact effect upon earnings may properly leave question jury decline assume effect claimed one answer questions contention legislature power matter act fixing rates however high may necessarily unconstitutional emough refer long series cases contrary decided legislature power fix rates extent judicial interference protection unreasonable rates stone trust sup railway minnesota sup michigan passing upon present case felt constrained make observation evident record friendly suit plaintiff defendant test constitutionality legislation attorney general brought upon writ error properly interposed secured counsel represent public interest stipulation facts taking testimony neither attorney general person interested employed behalf people state took part difference might record people represented however view case material inquiry counsel plaintiff error referring question deny says attorney general speaks case evidently friendly case justice mores opinion also speaks may conceded ground claim fraud trickery practiced presenting testimony think ther much suggestion theory upon apparently suit brought parties appeal legislature courts latter given immedate general supervision constitutionality acts former true whenever pursuance honest actual antagonistic assertion rights one individual another presented question involving validity act legislature state federal decision necessarily rests competency legislature enact must exercise solemn duties determine whether act constitutional esercise power ultimate function courts legitimate last resort necessity determination real earnest vital controversy individuals never thought means friendly suit party beaten legislature transfer courts inquiry constitutionality legislative act observations pertinent day act went force application ticket made suit commenced within two months judgment obtained trial judgment rendered upon presentation facts lips witnesses full inquiry upon agreed statement precludes inquiry many things necessarily largely enter determination matter controversy single suggestion direction agreed defendant operating expenses operating expenses consist made partially extravagant salaries one hundred thousand dollars president like proportions subordinate officers surely courts called upon adjudge act legislature fixing maximum passenger rates railroad companies unconstitutional ground enforcement prevent stockholders receiving dividends investments bondholders interest loans fully advised done receipts earnings company advised might clearly appear prudent honest management within rates prescribed secure bondholders interest stockholders reasonable dividends protection vested rights property duty courts come legislative power rests subservient discretion railroad corporation may exorbitant unreasonable salaries improper way transfer earnings pleased call expenses mean insinuate aught aganst actual management affairs company silence record gives us information knowledge outside thereof suspicion wrong suggestion indicate easily courts may misled grievous wrong public careful declare legislative acts unconstitutional upon agreed general statements without fullest disclosure material facts judgment affirmed